妊娠晚期腹腔注射酸性磷酸缓冲液对两个近交系小鼠繁育生理影响的对比分析

目的对比分析妊娠晚期腹腔注射缓冲液对近交系SPF级C57BL/6J（B6）和BALB/c（B/c）小鼠繁育生理的影响。方法 B6和B/c小鼠随机、全同胞兄妹2∶1/1∶1（♀/♂）过夜同居交配,观察交配方式、阴栓与受孕率的关系;受孕鼠在妊娠的第17.5天（妊娠0d=交配后当天）接受腹腔注射酸性磷酸缓冲液,观察注射对母鼠及胚胎的作用及子鼠从离乳到8周的早期生长发育情况。结果 B6较B/c雌鼠的受孕率高（29.4%vs.21.1%[2∶1],33.2%vs.29.7%[1∶1]）;交配后10 d～14 d,根据雌鼠增大的腹部、结合体重来判断受孕较观察阴栓更为准确;比较而言,妊娠晚期腹腔注射对B6母鼠及胚胎的影响较大,表现在离乳子鼠数量减少（4.7±3.1 vs.6.1±2.1,P=0.231）,离乳时两性别的子鼠体重（g,雌性：11.7±1.1 vs.12.7±1.5;雄性：12.8±1.3 vs.13.6±1.5）显著降低（P均〈0.05）及两品系子鼠早期生长发育的方式显著不同（P=0.000）。结论近交系小鼠繁殖生理存在品系差异;两品系受孕鼠对妊娠晚期腹腔注射的耐受不同,并可能影响实验动物产后的哺乳过程及子鼠的早期生长发育。     

黄芪注射液联合米力农治疗充血性心力衰竭的临床分析

目的:观察黄芪注射液联合米力农治疗充血性心力衰竭的临床疗效及安全性.方法:将76例充血性心力衰竭患者随机分成两组,其中治疗组38人,对照组38人.所有患者均采取使用利尿剂、口服血管紧张素转换酶抑制药等常规治疗,治疗组患者在常规治疗基础上采用米力农联合黄芪注射液治疗,对照组患者在常规治疗基础上采用米力农治疗,从临床疗效、心衰疗效计分、心率、心脏指数、心输出量及左心室射血分数指标进行评价.结果:治疗组的临床疗效、心衰疗效计分、心率、左心室射血分数与对照组相比,有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论:黄芪注射液联合米力农治疗充血性心力衰竭的临床疗效优于单纯应用米力农.     

睾丸内注射pEGFP-N1体内转染精子并在山羊早期胚胎成功表达

目的探讨睾丸内注射法pEGFP-N1在精细胞的整合和在早期胚胎中表达.方法选择4头本地山羊,双侧睾丸注射不同剂量质粒DNA pEGFP-N1,注射后PCR和Southern杂交检测pEGEP-N1在精子中的整合.结果pEGFP-N1整合到精子基因组中,转染效率最高发生在注射后第40天,转染阳性率最高为81%;绿色荧光蛋白在精子及其体外受精的部分胚胎中表达,胚胎阳性率最高的达66.7%.结论通过睾丸内注射pEGFP-N1能整合进入精子基因组,并能通过体外受精在山羊早期胚胎中表达;睾丸内注射法可能是一种可行、简单并利于推广的制备转基因山羊的方法.     

Present status of sentinel lymph node biopsy in cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, and seventh overall. This disease represents a medical, economic and social burden. In early FIGO stage patients (IA, IB1 and IIA1), nodal involvement is the most important prognostic factor. Imaging evaluation of nodal metastasis is of limited value. In order to determine lymph node involvement, allow loco-regional control of the disease, define the need for adjuvant radiotherapy and improve survival, standard surgery for early disease is radical hysterectomy with systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy. However, this surgical treatment has risks and complications: longer operative time, larger blood loss, neurovascular or ureteral injury, lower-limb lymphedema, symptomatic lymphocysts, hydronephrosis. A method that allows to define the presence of regional metastasis with less morbidity and equal or greater precision is particularly relevant. The use of the sentinel lymph node biopsy is intended to reach that purpose. The present study reviews recent literature on the role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in cervical cancer, analyzing its indications and contraindications, injection and detection techniques, tracers used, surgical and pathological approaches and its applicability in up-to-date clinical practice.     

Zur Kenntnis der terminalen Strombahn im Myocard von Ratte und Katze

Zusammenfassung Das Verzweigungsmuster der terminalen Strombahn des Myocards wird an Zupfpräparaten von 67 Ratten- bzw. Katzenherzen untersucht. Die Gefäße wurden mit Farbsuspensionen gefüllt. Die Schwierigkeiten der vollständigen Darstellung des Kapillarbettes werden diskutiert. Durch aufeinanderfolgende Injektion mit mehreren Farben gelingt es, den arteriellen und venösen Kapillarschenkel unterschiedlich darzustellen. Zur genauen Analyse werden von einzelnen Muskelblättchen ausgedehnte Gefäßkarten hergestellt. Folgende Befunde wurden erhoben: Als feinste Zuleitungsgefäße münden die Präkapillaren in das Kapillarnetz. Ihre Wand enthält nur vereinzelte Muskelzellen. Die Präkapillaren verlaufen parallel oder senkrecht zu den Muskelfasern und teilen sich in gleichwertige Äste (dichotom) oder geben jeweils als Stammgefäß seitliche Äste ab. Die Arteriolen bzw. Präkapillaren anastomosieren nicht miteinander.Die gewöhnlich weiten Venolen bestehen im wesentlichen nur aus einem Endothelrohr. Sie verlaufen zunächst senkrecht zur Muskulatur und münden in abführende, meist längsgerichtete Venen ein. Anastomosen unter den Venolen sind selten.Zwischen Präkapillaren und Venolen sind Kapillarbahnen ausgespannt. Die Kapillaren verlaufen parallel zueinander im Abstand einer Muskelzellbreite und stehen über Queranastomosen miteinander in Verbindung.Die Kapillarwege von Präkapillaren zu Venolen variieren zwischen 100 m und 800 m. Messungen an zwei Herzen ergaben eine mittlere Strecke von 310 m (Ratte) bzw. 400 m (Katze).Die mittlere unverzweigte Kapillarstrecke beträgt im etwas kontrahierten Rattenherzen 65 m, im mäßig erschlafften Katzenherzen 110 m. Da sich höchstens 1/3 der Kapillaräste untereinander zu Maschen verbinden, entsteht ein sehr lockeres Netzwerk.Da benachbarte Kapillaren zu gleichen oder verschiedenen Präkapillaren und Venolen gehören können, sind mehrere Gefäanordnungen im Myocard unterscheidbar:Selten sind reine Gleichstromanordnungen (vgl. Krogh, 1918/19) oder Gegenstromanordnungen (vgl. Diemer, 1965) zu beobachten, bei denen die Kapillaren am gleichen Ort anfangen bzw. enden und benachbarte Kapillaren in gleicher oder entgegengesetzter Richtung durchströmt werden.Überwiegend finden sich asymmetrische Kapillaranordnungen (vgl. Grunewald und Lübbers, 1966), bei denen Kapillaranfänge bzw. -enden gegeneinander versetzt sind und benachbarte Kapillarabschnitte in gleicher oder entgegengesetzter Richtung durchströmt werden. Die morphologischen Befunde zeigen, daß physiologischen Untersuchungen ein gemischtes Versorgungsmodell für den Herzmuskel (Grunewald und Lübbers, 1966) zugrunde gelegt werden kann.

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The microcirculatory bed in the myocardium of the rat and the cat

Summary The branching modus of the microcirculatory bed is studied in isolated musclelayers from 67 hearts of rats or cats. The vessels are filled with different dye-suspensions. The methods to demonstrate the capillary bed by perfusion are discussed. It is shown that several dyes injected consecutively can mark the arterial and venous part of the capillary with different colours. For exact analysis maps are prepared of extensive parts of the microcirculatory bed.The precapillaries, the smallest vessels of the distributing system, are provided with only sporadic muscle cells. They run parallel to the muscle fibers or they cross them. They either divide into equal branches in a dichotomous manner or extend as trunk-vessels, from which the capillaries originate as branches. The arterioles and precapillaries don't anastomose with each other. The venous drainage begins with venoles which usually consist of only a wide endothelial tube. They cross the muscle fibers and open into veins which usually extend in the direction of the muscle layers. Anastomoses among the venoles are rare.Between precapillaries and venoles the capillary ways extend. The capillaries run parallel to each other in a distance of one muscle cell. They are connected by short transversal anastomoses. The length of the capillary way between precapillaries and venoles varies between 100 m and 800 m. According to measurements in two hearts there follows an average way of 310 m (rat) or 400 m (cat). The average length of the unbranched capillary segments was 65 m (rat) or 110 m (cat). As at most one third of the capillary branches are combined to mashes there is only a loose capillary-network.Adjacent capillaries may belong to the same or to different precapillaries and venoles, so that there can be differentiated between several different patterns of the microcirculatory bed:There are seldom found pure arrangements in such a way, that adjacent capillaries begin or end at the same place and that the blood flows in equal or contrary directions (cf. Krogh, 1918/19; Diemer, 1965).Mostly asymmetric arrangements are found with capillaries beginning or ending at staggered places and with equal or contrary flow directions in the capillary segments. The morphological results show that the base for physiological studies of the nutrition of the myocardium ought to be a mixed model of the capillary bed.

Die Arbeit entstand unter der Leitung von Herrn Prof. Dr. E. Lindner, Regensburg.     

超声引导下经皮穿刺聚桂醇注射液与无水乙醇硬化治疗单纯性肝囊肿的疗效对比研究

目的:探讨并对比超声引导下经皮穿刺聚桂醇注射液与无水乙醇硬化治疗单纯性肝囊肿的疗效。方法:选择2014年5月至2016年9月我院收治的60例单纯性肝囊肿患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为两组。实验组30例在超声引导下给予聚桂醇注射液进行硬化治疗,对照组30例在超声引导下给予无水乙醇进行硬化治疗。比较两组患者临床有效率、不良反应发生率;于术前及术后24 h检测并对比两组患者血常规指标水平;于术前、术后1周及术后1月检测并对比两组患者总胆红素(TBIL)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、胆碱酯酶(CHE)及白蛋白(ALB)。结果:实验组总有效率为93.33%,对照组总有效率为90.00%,两组总有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术前、术后24 h两组各项血常规指标对比,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。与术前相比,术后1周实验组患者血清TBIL、ALT、AST、ALP、CHE及ALB均无明显变化(P0.05),对照组患者血清ALT和AST升高(P0.05)。与术后1周相比,术后1个月实验组患者血清ALT、ALP降低,CHE升高(P0.05),对照组ALT、AST及ALP降低,CHE升高(P0.05)。术后1周实验组患者血清ALT和AST水平明显低于对照组(P0.05),TBIL、ALP、CHE及ALB均无明显差异(P0.05);术后1月实验组患者血清ALT水平明显低于对照组,ALB水平明显高于对照组(P0.05),TBIL、AST、ALP及CHE均无明显差异(P0.05)。实验组不良反应发生率为16.67%,低于对照组的30.00%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:超声引导下经皮穿刺聚桂醇注射液与无水乙醇治疗单纯性肝囊肿均具有较好的疗效,但聚桂醇注射液作为硬化剂的不良反应率明显低于无水乙醇,对肝功能的损伤也较无水乙醇小。因此对于单纯性肝囊肿的硬化治疗,聚桂醇注射液是一种安全有效的硬化剂,值得在临床上推广。     

Human sperm cryopreservation in cancer patients: Links with deprivation and mortality

Evidence is mounting for a relationship between human semen quality and environmental/lifestyle/socioeconomic factors including long term health outcomes such as mortality. The relationship between pre-freeze and post-thaw semen quality in cancer patients and these factors are unknown. Frozen semen from 217 cancer patients was thawed and analysed using a validated CASA method. Post-thaw quality was matched and compared with WHO semen analysis performed prior to storage. The English Indices of Deprivation 2010 were matched with patients and then examined for relationships with pre-freeze and post-thaw semen quality. There is a relationship between semen quality and deprivation in cancer patients. Compared with pre-freeze semen quality, post-thaw semen quality has a stronger relationship with deprivation. Sperm cryopreservation may have potential as a systemic health diagnostic test and is predictive of cancer patient mortality.     

Adipose-derived stromal cell transplantation for treatment of stress urinary incontinence

We aimed to investigate the application of adipose-derived stromal cells in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Animal models of stress urinary incontinence were established with Sprague-Dawley female rats by complete cutting of the pudendal nerve. Rat adipose-derived stromal cells were isolated, cultured and successfully transplanted into animal models. Effects of stem cell transplantation were evaluated through urodynamic testing and morphologic changes of the urethra and surrounding tissues before and after transplantation. Main urodynamic outcome measures were measured. Intra-bladder pressure and leak point pressure were measured during filling phase. Morphologic examinations were performed. Transplantation of adipose-derived stem cells significantly strengthened local urethral muscle layers and significantly improved the morphology and function of sphincters. Urodynamic testing showed significant improvements in maximum bladder capacity, abdominal leak point pressure, maximum urethral closure pressure, and functional urethral length. Morphologic changes and significant improvement in urination control were consistent over time. It was concluded that periurethral injection of adipose-derived stromal cells improves function of the striated urethral sphincter, resulting in therapeutic effects on SUI. Reconstruction of the pelvic floor through transplantation of adipose-derived cells is a minimally invasive and effective treatment for SUI.     

舒血宁注射液联合多巴丝肼治疗帕金森病的临床疗效及对脑区血流量与血清炎性因子的影响

目的:探讨舒血宁注射液联合多巴丝肼治疗帕金森病的疗效及对脑区血流量与血清炎性因子的影响。方法:选择我院2014年9月～2017年9月收治的94例帕金森病患者,按随机数表法分为对照组和研究组,每组47例。对照组予以多巴丝肼治疗,研究组在对照组基础上加以舒血宁注射液治疗。比较两组临床疗效,治疗前后UPDRSⅡ评分、UPDRSⅢ评分、UPDRS评分、脑区血流量、血清白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平的变化和不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,研究组总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗后UPDRSⅡ评分、UPDRSⅢ评分、UPDRS评分、血清IL-1β、IL-6、hs-CRP和TNF-α水平均较治疗前显著下降,且研究组以上指标均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗后脑区血流量均较治疗前显著增加,且研究组明显高于对照组(P0.05)。两组均有恶心、头晕、失眠及呕吐发生,组间不良反应的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:舒血宁注射液联合多巴丝肼治疗帕金森病的临床疗效明显优于单用多巴丝肼,其能够促进脑部血流循环,调节脑区血流量,降低炎性因子的水平。     

地喹氯铵联合紫杉醇注射液对神经胶质瘤患者血清IL-6, Th17 细胞水平 及临床疗效的影响

目的:探讨地喹氯铵联合紫杉醇注射液对神经胶质瘤患者血清IL-6、Th17细胞水平及临床疗效的影响。方法:回顾性研究我院神经胶质瘤患者60例,根据电脑生成的随机数字表将所有患者随机分为实验组与对照组,每组各30例,对照组患者给予地喹氯铵进行治疗,实验组患者在对照组的基础上给予紫杉醇注射液。比较治疗前后两组患者血清IL-6,Th17细胞水平,并对两组患者不良反应发生率及临床总有效率进行统计。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后的血清IL-6、Th17细胞水平均显著降低(P0.05);且与对照组相比,实验组患者血清IL-6、Th17细胞水平均较低(P0.05)。与对照组相比,实验组患者的不良反应发生率较低(P0.05);临床总有效率较高(P0.05)。结论:地喹氯铵联合紫杉醇注射液能够显著提高神经胶质瘤患者临床疗效,降低不良反应发生率,其机制可能与降低血清IL-6及Th17细胞水平有关。