Isofagomine increases lysosomal delivery of exogenous glucocerebrosidase

Intravenous enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with purified glucocerebrosidase (GLA) leads to significant improvement of the clinical manifestations in patients with Type 1 Gaucher disease. However, the high doses required, slow response and inability to recover most of the infused enzyme in the target tissues may be attributed to losses occurring during transit en route to the lysosome. Preincubation of GLA with isofagomine (IFG), a slow-binding inhibitor, significantly increased stability of the enzyme to heat, neutral pH and denaturing agents in vitro. Preincubation of GLA with isofagomine prior to uptake by cultured cells results in increased intracellular enzyme activity accompanied by an increase in enzyme protein suggesting that reduced denaturation of GLA in the presence of isofagomine leads to a decrease in the degradation of the enzyme after internalization. Preincubation of GLA with slow-binding inhibitors before infusion may improve the effectiveness of ERT for Gaucher disease.     

Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA), Body Fat,and Apoptosis*

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine if consumption of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) by mice could induce apoptosis in adipose tissue. Other objectives were to determine the influence of feeding mice CLA for ≤2 weeks on body fat, energy expenditure, and feed intake. Research Methods and Procedures: A mixture of CLA isomers (predominantly c9,t11 and t10,c12) was included in the AIN‐93G diet at 0, 1, and 2%, and fed to mice for 12 days (Trial 1), or was included at 2% and fed to mice for 0, 5, and 14 days (Trial 2). Feed intake was measured daily and energy expenditure was determined by direct calorimetry on day 9 in Trial 1. Retroperitoneal fat pads were analyzed for apoptosis by determination of DNA fragmentation. Results: Dietary CLA reduced feed intake by 10% to 12% (p < 0.01), but either did not influence or did not increase energy expenditure as indicated by heat loss. Body weight was not influenced by consumption of CLA in Trial 1 but was increased (p < 0.01) by CLA in Trial 2. Weights of retroperitoneal, epididymal, and brown adipose tissues were lower (p < 0.01) in animals fed CLA, although liver weight was increased (p < 0.10; Trial 1) or not changed (Trial 2). Analysis of retroperitoneal fat pad DNA from both trials indicated that apoptosis was increased (p < 0.01) by CLA consumption. Discussion: These results are interpreted to indicate that CLA consumption causes apoptosis in white adipose tissue. This effect occurs within 5 days of consuming a diet that contains CLA.     

天然产物中透明质酸酶抑制剂的研究

透明质酸酶抑制剂是对透明质酸酶的激活有抑制作用的物质。透明质酸酶是透明质酸的特异性裂解酶,而透明质酸在人体许多发育和调控过程中起重要作用,抑制透明质酸酶的活性可使透明质酸不被分解,维持正常的生理功能,笔者对天然产物中透明质酸酶抑制的研究开发进行了概述,并探讨了透明质酸酶抑制在医药及保健食品工业中的应用潜力。     

基因工程技术在食品品质改良中的应用

概述了用基因工程技术改良食品的食用品质,提高食品加工性能的研究和应用现状。     

转Bt基因水稻对二化螟幼虫取食、生长及其存活的影响(英文)

在实验室中以转cry1Ab基因水稻 克螟稻 1号为材料 ,研究了不同温度下Bt水稻对二化螟Chilosuppressalis (Walker) 3龄和 5龄幼虫取食、生长及其存活的影响。结果表明 ,不同温度下 3龄和 5龄幼虫取食Bt水稻后 ,其取食量、体重增长和存活率均极显著低于对照。温度对 3龄幼虫取食、生长和存活无显著影响 ,但对 5龄幼虫的取食和体重增长则有显著影响。幼虫死亡率与其取食Bt水稻的累积食量间存在着正相关关系。     

漳州地区仓储物害虫及其天敌调查初报

1997年5月－1998年11月用近两年时间对漳州地区仓储物害虫和益虫开展调查。共采集标本1140份,经鉴定有仓储物害虫71种（隶属6目31科）益虫11种（隶属7目9科）。     

玉米须提取物对食品腐败菌及致病菌抑制作用的研究

首次以玉米须提取物对7种常见的食品腐败菌及致病菌进行抑菌试验,发现玉米须的乙醇提取物的效果最好,其最低抑菌浓度（MIC）为3．0g/100g,此外,对食品加工条件（如杀菌方式等）及食品介质（如PH）对玉米须提取物抑菌活性的也作了研究,结果表明,玉米须提取物在常规食品杀菌条件（UHT）及中酸到酸性环境下抑菌活性稳定,因而可作为潜在的食品防腐剂。     

种子脱水耐性及其与种子类型和发育阶段的相关性

种子脱水耐性是种子发育过程中获得的综合特性,是判断种子贮藏持性的一个重要依据。当种子获得脱水耐性时,生理,形态和结构会发生相应的变化,包括糖,蛋白质,脂类和抗氧化系统等保护性物质的合成,各种保护性物质不是单独作用的,而是协同调节种子的脱水耐性。不同的植物种子,其脱水耐性不同,并且随着种子的发育而变化。关于种子脱水耐性的获得,主要有2种观点,一种认为是数量性状,另一种认为是突变性状。种子库收集种子保存时,适时采集和适度脱水才能有效地延长种子的贮藏寿命。     

布氏田鼠摄食量、累积摄食量与日龄的关系

布氏田鼠 (Ｍｉｃｒｏｔｕｓｂｒａｎｄｔｉ)是内蒙古典型草原区的主要害鼠 ,其危害方式主要表现之一为与牲畜争夺牧草资源[1,4 ,11,12 ] 。准确地测定其日食量(ＤＦＣ)与累积摄食量 (ＣＦＣ) ,对于定量地衡量该鼠的危害程度 ,进一步推算鼠害防治的经济阈值有着重要的意义。一些学者着手有关该鼠食性与食量 ,以及非取食性牧草消耗量的研究工作[3 ,7～ 9] 。但由于受实验手段的限制 ,一直未能解决布氏田鼠日食量、累积摄食量与田鼠年龄的关系等难题。本文以测定典型草原区布氏田鼠日食量与体重的关系 ,结合布氏田鼠体重与年龄的数学关系方程 …