Systems ecological accounting for wastewater treatment engineering: Method,indicator and application

Wastewater treatment facility is vital for sustainable urban development. In the course of removing contaminants and discharging ready-for-reuse water, wastewater treatment consumes resources and triggers environmental emission during its lifetime. A comprehensive framework to analyze the embodied ecological elements as natural resources and environmental emissions of wastewater treatment is presented in this work. The systems method as a combination of process and input–output analyses is applied and a set of indicators are accordingly devised. Two representative ecological elements, i.e., greenhouse gases emissions and solar emergy of alternative wastewater treatment systems, i.e., a traditional activated sludge wastewater treatment plant and a constructed wetland have been taken into consideration. For each ecological element, five indicators have been calculated and compared to assess the impact on climate change and resources utilizing style of the case systems. The framework raised in this paper is fully supportive for optimal decision-making among different wastewater treatment technologies, and could be transplanted to be applied to systems ecological accounting for other production systems.     

Limiting factors for seed production in Cynoglossum officinale

Summary Over three years of study, small plants of Cynoglossum officinale consistently produced more flowers per unit of dry weight than large plants. In contrast to earlier results, weight of all seeds tended to increase more than proportional to size. As a result a positive correlation existed between seed set per flower and plant size. The correlation between the mean number of pollinator visits per flower and size was positive but not significant. In a field experiment we found that resources rather than pollen were limiting seed set. Thus, it is unlikely that enhanced pollination of the largest plants causes the size-dependency of seed set per flower. Alternative hypotheses are discussed briefly.Publication of the Meijendel Comité, New Series No. 96     

南迦巴瓦峰地区的大型真菌资源

本文记载了西藏南迦巴瓦峰地区的各类大型真菌292种,隶属于120属,42科。其中食用真菌166种,药用真菌109种,有毒真菌5D种,菌根菌68种,树木腐朽菌41种。另有点柄铦囊蘑(Melanoleuca verrucipes)、南牛肝菌(Austroboletus gracilis)、簇生小管菌(Filoboletus manipularis)、多鳞口蘑(Tricholoma squarrulosum)等21种为我国新记录。西藏地区的新记录76种。新种将另文发表。目前认为重要的或经济用途比较大的百种以上,如冬虫夏草(Cordyceps sinensis)、茯苓(Poria cocos)、木耳(Auricularia auricula)、金顶侧耳(Pleurotus citrinopileatus)、蜜环菌(Armillariella mellea)、松口蘑(Tricholoma matsutake)、鸡零售(土从)菌(Termitomyces albuminosus)、白毒伞(Amanita verna)、半卵圆斑褶伞(Anellaria semiovata)等。南峰地区真菌资源丰富,研究利用潜力很大。     

我国特有植物银杉的资源、分布及其环境

我国银杉自1955年发现以来,陆续发现了它的新分布,至今已知在四省、区7个分布区的30多个分布点上,自然生长着银杉3200余株。它们是:广西花坪林区(越城岭南部)6个点有银杉1040抹,其中高5米以上的68株,1～5米的49株,1米以下的923株,最高21.1米,最大胸径83厘米;广西大瑶山4个点有银杉143株,其中高10米以上的94株,1～3米的3株,1米以下的46株,最高30米,最大胸径79.2厘米;湖南罗汉洞(越城岭北部)2个点有银杉58株,5米以上的有45株,最高18米,最大胸径43厘米;湖南罗霄山脉八面山有银杉707株,高1米以上的334株,最高24米,最大胸径46厘米;四川南川金佛山(大娄山东段北部)6个点有银杉527株,其中成年树400余株,最高17米,最大胸径50厘米;百枝山有银杉52株,最高8米,最大胸径27厘米;贵州道真沙河林区(大娄山东段南部)3处12个点有银杉729株,其中高5米以上的105株,2～5米的209株,1～2米的111株,1米以下的304株,最高18.8米,最大胸径48厘米;贵州桐梓白菁有银杉10株,高4～5米的2株,1～3米的6株,1米以下的2株。 银杉分布区范围自北纬24°5′～29°13′14″,东经107°10′～113°40′。其垂直分布自海拔940～1840米,金佛山银杉分布最高,为1600～1840米;罗汉洞银杉分布最低,为940～1060米。分布区内,年均温8.2°～17℃,绝对最低温     

江西忍冬属药用植物资源

报道了江西忍冬属药用植物种类、地理分布、临床疗效、化学成分等有关情况,对该属资源的开发利用提出了合理建议。     

我国牧草种质资源创新研究进展

本文总结了几十年来我国牧草种质资源创新研究的方法和成果,详细阐述了种内杂交、远缘杂交、射线辐射、离子束注入、太空搭载、化学诱变及基因转化等不同技术方法在牧草种质资源创新中的应用,并对我国牧草种质资源创新的应用前景进行了讨论,以期为促进我国牧草种质资源创新和育种研究的进一步发展提供参考。     

The politics of a new legal order for fisheries

Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) Fishing is considered a major threat to high seas fish stocks. Each of the the international regional fishery management organizations (RFMOs) are combating some form of IUU fishing and this led the Food and Agriculture Oranization of the United Nations (FAO) to adopt the International Plan of Action to Deter, Prevent and Eliminate IUU Fishing (IPOA-IUU). This article will analyze the issues involved with IUU fishing, examine the recommendations in the IPOA, and consider examples of successful management and enforcement measures in use by states and RFMOs. Finally, recent developments in China will be viewed as an example of how international cooperation is contagious.     

An indicator framework for assessing the technology aspect of Integrated Lake Basin Management for Lake Malawi Basin

Lake Malawi is one of the African Great Lakes and is well known for its fish biodiversity which is the greatest in the world for freshwaters. The lake basin is a valuable resource to the riparian countries. Activities associated with the derivation of the values offered by the lake basin, however, result in the generation of wastes and pollutants that also impact on the lake basin. Such anthropogenic activities within the lake basin place considerable strain on the lake system and may lead to the degradation of the lake basin. Proper application of technology can effectively supplement command-and-control measures and economic instruments for better lake basin management. Currently, no comprehensive framework exists to assess the management of the lake basin. Such a framework is necessary to guide managers and policy-makers in the formulation of management plans and strategies for the sustainable management and utilization of the lake basin. We propose an indicator framework for assessing the technology aspect of Integrated Lake Basin Management (ILBM) in the context of the Lake Malawi Basin. We further demonstrate applicability of the proposed framework through a study conducted in the Malawian side of the basin. We applied a five point Likert-type scale in our indicator assessment. Overall, our results show that the technology aspect of the management of the lake basin is weak to moderate. This threatens the sustainability of the lake especially in the areas of solid waste management, sanitation services, pollution control and protection of wetlands and lagoons which performed from very low to moderate. The major challenges are weak institutional capacity, weak regulation enforcement, and insufficient resources.     

A survey of the availability of primary bioinformatics web resources

The explosive growth of the bioinformatics field has led to a large amount of data and software applications publicly available as web resources. However, the lack of persistence of web references is a barrier to a comprehensive shared access. We conducted a study of the current availability and other features of primary bioinforo matics web resources （such as software tools and databases）. The majority （95%） of the examined bioinformatics web resources were found running on UNIX/Linux operating systems, and the most widely used web server was found to be Apache （or Apache-related products）. Of the overall 1,130 Uniform Resource Locators （URLs） examined, 91% were highly available （more than 90% of the time）, while only 4% showed low accessibility （less than 50% of the time） during the survey. Furthermore, the most common URL failure modes are presented and analyzed.