Simulated hurricane‐induced changes in light and nutrient regimes change seedling performance in Everglades forest‐dominant species

Wind damage from cyclones can devastate the forest canopy, altering environmental conditions in the understory that affect seedling growth and plant community regeneration. To investigate the impact of hurricane‐induced increases in light and soil nutrients as a result of canopy defoliation, we conducted a two‐way factorial light and nutrient manipulation in a shadehouse experiment. We measured seedling growth of the dominant canopy species in the four Everglades forest communities: pine rocklands (Pinus elliottii var densa), cypress domes (Taxodium distichum), hardwood hammocks, and tree islands (Quercus virginiana and Bursera simaruba). Light levels were full sun and 50% shade, and nutrient levels coupled with an additional set of individuals that were subjected to a treatment mimicking the sudden effects of canopy opening from hurricane‐induced defoliation and the corresponding nutrient pulse. Seedlings were measured weekly for height growth and photosynthesis, with seedlings being harvested after 16 weeks for biomass, leaf area, and leaf tissue N and ¹³C isotope ratio. Growth rates and biomass accumulation responded more to differences in soil nutrients than differences in light availability, with largest individuals being in the high nutrient treatments. For B. simaruba and P. elliottii, the highest photosynthetic rates occurred in the high light, high nutrient treatment, while T. distichum and Q. virginiana photosynthetic rates were highest in low light, high nutrient treatment. Tissue biomass allocation patterns remained similar across treatments, except for Q. virginiana, which altered above‐ and belowground biomass allocation to increase capture of limiting soil and light resources. In response to the hurricane simulation treatment, height growth increased rapidly for Q. virginiana and B. simaruba, with nonsignificant increases for the other two species. We show here that ultimately, hurricane‐adapted, tropical species may be more likely to recolonize the forest canopy following a large‐scale hurricane disturbance.     

濒危植物长柄双花木自然种群年龄结构及其生态对策

通过对濒危植物长柄双花木自然种群的年龄结构、图解生命表以及生殖价分析等途径,研究了其种群结构动态及生态对策,结果表明:长柄双花木种群为衰退型种群,虽然种群中也存在一定数量的幼龄个体,但个体死亡率较高。长柄双花木种群表现出r～K对策的混合生态适应策略。该种群数量在下降过程中还存在波动,仍具有一定的实现生殖和恢复的可能,但依靠有性生殖途径实现恢复的能力有限。     

关于顶生金花茶分类地位的探讨

根据近年来对顶生金花茶和平果金花茶在其原产地的进一步调查和野外观察并参考过去的研究成果,发现:顶生金花茶与平果金花茶在分布、形态特征、物候期、生态习性及细胞学特性,尤其是繁殖器官和生活史等方面都有明显差异。因此,认为将其降为平果金花茶的变种颇为不妥,主张恢复顶生金花茶作为一个独立种的地位,其名称为顶生金花茶。     

VARIATION IN OCHLOCHAETE HYSTRIX (CHAETOPHORALES. CHLOROPHYYCEAE) STUDIED IN CULTURE1

Six different isolates of Ochlochaete Thwaites ex Harvey have been studied under identical culture conditions. All the isolates show open branching, a character previously ascribed specifically to O. hystrix Thwaites ex Harv. sensu stricto, and all form hairs on rounded cells in the central part of the thallus, a character hitherto attributed only to O. ferox Huber. Consequently, separation of these two entities on the species level is untenable. The plant described by Huber is referred to O. hystrix var. ferox (Huber) var. nov. The type material of Chaetobolus gibbus Rosenvinger is similar to one of the isolates studied and is included in O. hystrix. Quadriflagellate zoospores have been observed in all the isolates, and in one of them also biflagellate swarmers.     

Allozymic diversity of Allium tricoccum (Ait.) Solander var. burdickii Hanes in isolated populations of Nova Scotia (Canada)

 Allium tricoccumvar. burdickii is a rare species in Nova Scotia, growing in isolated populations. Genetic variation was investigated in three populations using cellulose acetate gel electrophoresis. The results showed that all 13 enzyme loci were polymorphic. An excess of heterozygotes was found in all populations. A total of 29 genotypes were detected in the populations. Very few genotypes were common to two populations and none to the three populations. Genetic diversity among populations was compared with geographic distance and previous work. The comparison of the genetic distance matrix to the geographic distance matrix indicated no relationship. F-statistics suggested that the populations are predominantly maintained through vegetative propagation. Occasional sexual reproduction and gene flow might occur in order to maintain high level of variation among populations. Environmental conditions could also influence population genetic structure as they occur in highly different habitats. Received November 13, 2000 Accepted February 26, 2001     

华南植物区系的评论——Ⅰ.苋科新的和值得注意的种类

作者编写《广东植物志》苋科时,对涉及华南地区及毗邻国的苋科种类;经复检标本花粉及等资料,现将其中5个属的分类群及其分布等予于报道。林地苋 Psilotrichum ferrugineum var.hainanense为新分类群,并作评论;线叶林地苋P.erythrostachyum为我国新记录;青花苋 Psilotrichopsis curtisii var.hainanensis 和短穗白花苋Aerva sanguinolentavar.minor均为新组合,并分别给予修正或补充描述;Cyathula semirosulata作新异名处理;重申砂苋 Allmania nodiflora分布于华南大陆(广西);澄清对我国标本错误鉴定的文献;此外,简介青花苋属时,将产于越、泰的P.curtisii var.cochinchinensis 作新组合。本文引证的标本,若未注明的亦收藏于华南植物所标本馆(SCBI)。     

贵州禾本科新分类群

<正> 本新种甚特别,与我们已知的种易于区分。小穗长15—22(—27),外秤具6—13毫米长的芒而与紫羊茅有别;乍看似与滇藏羊茅相近,但其圆锥花序穗状、硬直而有异。     

朱砂根叶绿体全基因组解析及系统发育分析

基于Illumina平台对朱砂根和红凉伞叶绿体全基因组进行测序,利用生物信息学比较叶绿体基因组结构特征与变异程度,旨在明确朱砂根（Ardisia crenata）及红凉伞（Ardisia crenata var. bicolor）叶绿体基因组特征及差异,并与同科其他物种叶绿体全基因组进行比较分析,确定其在紫金牛属系统发育位置。结果表明,朱砂根和红凉伞均为由一个大单拷贝区（LSC）、一个小单拷贝区（SSC）和一对反向重复区（IRa/IRb）构成的环状四分体结构,注释得到132个基因,其重复序列的类型与分布模式相似,但数量有所差异。其中psbA、matK、rpoC2、ropB、ndhK、accD、ndhF、ndhD、ndhH及ycf1等基因的编码区存在差异,这些位点为朱砂根分子鉴定提供新位点。朱砂根及红凉伞叶绿体基因组具有较高保守性,叶绿体基因组之间没有重排或倒置,IR区序列变异最低,SSC区变异程度最高。系统发育树分析表明紫金牛科和报春花科为两个分支,朱砂根和红凉伞归为紫金牛科,且朱砂根与红凉伞亲缘关系最为密切,从分子水平为红凉伞作为朱砂根变种提供了科学解释。本研究解析了朱砂根及变种红凉伞叶绿体基因组结构,探讨了紫金牛科属间系统发育关系,也为紫金牛科药用植物分类鉴定、系统进化及资源开发利用研究奠定基础。     

Difference of invasion behavior between two climax species,Castanopsis cuspidata var.sieboldii andMechilus thunbergii,on lava flows on Miyakejima,Japan

The invasion behavior of two climax species,Machilus thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. andCastanopsis cuspidata (Thunb.) Schottky var.sieboldii (Makino) Nakai, was studied on the 1874 and 1962 lava flows on Miyakejima, Japan. On the 1962 lava, zoochorousM. thunbergii appeared almost only under crowns of pioneeringAlnus sieboldiana Matsum, while bolochorousC. cuspidata var.sieboldii occurred only along the borders of the lava. The three species,A. sieboldiana, M. thunbergii andC. cuspidata var.sieboldii, corresponded, in order, to the temporal sequence of invasion in the boundary forest and the spatial sequence from margin to center on the 1962 lava. Seed or fruit dispersion is important in primary succession in the case of large disturbances.