云南哀牢山国家级自然保护区附生蕨类植物的多样性与附载植物的关系

为了探讨附生蕨类植物多样性与附载植物的关系,调查了附载植物胸径、树高、枝下高及附载植物种类对附生蕨类植物多样性的影响.按照径级分别对不周径级下的附载植物的附生蕨类植物的多样性进行偏相关分析,并采用方差分析判断附载植物种类对附生蕨类植物多样性的影响.结果表明,附载植物树高和胸径与附生蕨类植物多样性之间存在明显正相关,附载植物的枝下高与附生蕨类植物多样性之间存在着明显的负相关,表明较低的枝下高有利于附生蕨类植物多样性的增加.附载植物种类对附生蕨类植物多样性具有重要的影响.     

广东西部云开山自然保护区蕨类植物多样性调查

野外调查和标本鉴定结果表明,云开山自然保护区共有185种蕨类植物,其中10种为广东新分布:中华桫椤(Alsophila costularis)、白桫椤(Sphaeropteris brunoniana)、有刺凤尾蕨(Pteris setulosacostulata)、禾秆亮毛蕨(Acystopteris tenuisecta)、高大短肠蕨(Allantodia muricata)、细裂铁角蕨(Asplenium tenuifolium)、无盖肉刺蕨(Nothoperanema shikokianum)、蓝色鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris polita)、云南舌蕨(Elaphoglossum yunnanense)和黑鳞剑蕨(Loxogramme assimilis)。该地蕨类植物区系主要由亚洲热带亚热带分布和东亚分布成分(各占约37%的种类)构成,以鳞毛蕨科(Dryopteridaceae)、水龙骨科(Polypodiaceae)、金星蕨科(Thelypteridaceae)、蹄盖蕨科(Athyriaceae)和铁角蕨科(Aspleniaceae)的植物最为丰富,包含13种中国特有种但缺乏本地特有成分。垂直分布的统计结果表明,绝大多数植物(143种)生活在海拔900~1300 m的常绿阔叶林下,局限分布于海拔800 m以下的植物有15种,而局限分布于海拔1400~1700 m的植物有23种。该地的珍稀蕨类植物有马尾杉(Phlegmariurus phlegmaria)、华南马尾杉(P. austrosinicu)、薄叶阴地蕨(Sceptridium daucifolium)、小黑桫椤(Gymnosphaera metteniana)、中华桫椤、白桫椤、长柄车前蕨(Antrophyum obovatum)、黑鳞复叶耳蕨(Arachniodes nigrospinosa)、两广鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris liangkwangensis)、云南舌蕨、燕尾蕨(Cheiropleuria bicuspis)、锯蕨(Micropolypodium okuboi)和穴子蕨(Prosaptia urceolaris)。     

Genus Colocasiomyia (Drosophilidae: Diptera) in Sabah,Bornean Malaysia: High species diversity and use of host aroid inflorescences

A total of 21 Colocasiomyia species, including 17 undescribed species, are reported from Sabah (Mt. Kinabalu and neighboring areas), Malaysia, based on samples collected from inflorescences of 14 or 15 Araceae species. This number of species is the largest as a local fauna of this genus in the world. The high species diversity is attributed to 12 undescribed species belonging to the Colocasiomyia baechlii species group. A particular breeding habit of Colocasiomyia is sharing of the same inflorescence by a pair of species, with partial niche separation between them: one species uses exclusively the pistillate (lower female‐flower) section of the spadix for oviposition and larval development, whereas the other mostly uses the staminate (upper male‐flower) section. However, the baechlii group species show quite different patterns of host plant use: many (up to eight) species cohabit on the same inflorescence. It is unlikely that they separate their breeding niches micro‐allopatrically within an inflorescence. Instead, species composition and their proportions of individual numbers vary among different localities, seasons and host plants, with partial overlap among them. Such partial separations in local distribution, phenology and host selection would in combination contribute to their coexistence and promote the species diversity of this group.     

太白山锐齿栎树干基部两种蚂蚁的筑巢生态学及其蚁巢、体表真菌组成研究

本文研究了太白山锐齿栎景观林带树干基部筑巢的两种蚂蚁的筑巢生态学及其巢内真菌的组成.研究结果表明:亮腹黑褐蚁Formica gagatoides Ruzsky是锐齿栎林中的优势蚁种,可在地表及树干上活动,主要取食栎树枝条上蚜虫所分泌的蜜露及其他昆虫和植物材料;盘腹蚁Aphaenogaster sp.仅在蚁巢周围活动,捕...     

ALGAL COMMUNITIES OF SPRINGS AND STREAMS IN THE MT. ST. HELENS REGION,WASHINGTON, U.S.A. FOLLOWING THE MAY 1980 ERUPTION1

Mt. St. Helens, a volcanic peak in the Cascade Range in southern Washington erupted violently on May 18, 1980, causing enormous damage to both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The initial explosion evaporated, scoured or buried all springs and streams in the blast impact area. Ash fall and erosion from defoliated hillsides subsequently filled most of the lotic habitats with organic debris and volcanic ash. Recolonization of springs and streams by algae occurred quickly in areas where erosion through the ash progressed down to bedrock. Within 15 months or less of the eruption, algal communities were established throughout the blast impact area. However, as a result of the initial and continued disturbance these communities remained in an early successional stage. Floral assemblages were highly variable except that they were composed mostly of diatoms, with Achnanthes minutissima dominating most lotic sites. Springs showed the most rapid development toward stable floras.     

Altitudinal Zonation of Pteridophytes on Mt. Banahaw de Lucban,Luzon Island,Philippines

Five altitudinal pteridophyte zones are established along the northeastern altitudinal slopes of Mt. Banahaw de Lucban, Quezon, Luzon Is., Philippines using cluster- and ordination analyses, namely: Zone 1, Cyathea contaminans – Dicranopteris–Nephrolepis–Diplazium patches at 700–800 m a.s.l.; Zone 2, Sphaerostephanos hirsutus var. hirsutus – Selaginella delicatula patches at 750–900 m a.s.l.; Zone 3, Cyathea philippinensis – Selaginella patches at 900–1200 m a.s.l.; Zone 4, Cyathea philippinensis – Cyathea callosa–Asplenium cymbifolium–Selaginella cumingiana patches at 1200–1550 m a.s.l. and; Zone 5 which is further divided into Sub-zone 5A, Cyathea callosa – Cyathea loheri-Hymenophyllaceae patches at 1550–1800 m a.s.l. and Sub-zone 5B, Cyathea loheri – Cephalomanes apiifolia patches at 1800–1875 m a.s.l. These pteridophyte zones coincide with the woody species zones of Mt. Banahaw de Lucban but differ significantly with the altitudinal fern zones of Mt. Makiling. Stepwise multiple regression analysis reveals that altitude exhibits a linear relationship with pteridophyte species distribution. Altitude and soil pH influence 65% of the variation in principal component 1 [PC1 = 0.0839 + 0.0010(altitude) − 0.2072(soil pH); r = 0.8058] and 27% of the variation in principal component 2 [PC2 = 2.0453 − 0.0005(altitude) − 0.2560(soil pH); r = 0.5206]. Thirty-three (33) species are preferential to specific microenvironments along the altitudinal gradient, making them effective altitudinal zone markers and biodiversity conservation indicators for the forest ecosystem of Mt. Banahaw de Lucban.     

西双版纳茅草山广西青梅群落学研究*

应用植物群落学的研究方法, 对西双版纳茅草山广西青梅群落进行了初步研究。该群落是以龙脑香科
的广西青梅和金缕梅科的细青皮为乔木上层优势树种, 群落分A 至E 层, 外貌以单叶、纸质、全缘、尾尖、
中叶为主的常绿大、中高位芽植物组成为特征, 层间木质藤本和附生植物丰富, 属热带季节雨林。该群落是
老挝热带季节雨林向北的伸延, 物种丰富, 动态结构稳定, 但分布面积狭小, 生态脆弱, 需重点保护     

西双版纳茅草山广西青梅群落学研究

应用植物群落学的研究方法,对西双版纳茅草山广西青梅群落进行了初步研究。该群落是以龙脑香科的广西青梅和金缕梅科的细青皮为乔木上层优势树种,群落分A至E层,外貌以单叶、纸质、全缘、尾尖、中叶为主的常绿大、中高位芽植物组成为特征,层间木质藤本和附生植物丰富,属热带季节雨林。该群落是老挝热带季节雨林向北的伸延,物种丰富,动态结构稳定,但分布面积狭小,生态脆弱,需重点保护。     

高黎贡山地区雉类多样性及其保护

根据高黎贡山地形和气候变化,将其分为南、中、北三段。通过查阅文献、访谈和野外调查,在该地区共记录到21种雉类。分布在海拔2500m以上的仅有9种,占45%;在海拔2500m以下的地域分布有雉类17种,占85%。北段有雉类13种,中段有11种,南段有12种。其中北、中、南段均有分布的仅有3种,北段和中段共有种为9种,中段和南段共有种为5种,北段和南段共有种也是5种。结果表明雉类多样性随海拔升高而降低,北段高于南段。生境破坏与狩猎是该区雉类生存的主要威胁因子。加强管理,恢复和建立生境走廊,加强宣传教育和执法力度以及开展观鸟旅游,可使该区雉类得到更好的保护。     

秦岭火地塘种子植物区系及其与毗邻地区的关系分析

采用植物区系地理学研究方法,结合野外调查数据和文献资料对秦岭火地塘林区种子植物区系的组成、地理成分特征进行分析,并与其它7个毗邻地区植物区系间的关系进行比较研究。结果表明:(1)火地塘林区有种子植物136科,547属,1 283种;(2)该区的种子植物主要以温带区系成分为主(335属,占总属数61.2%),热带性质的植物次之(135属,占总属数24.7%)。该区植物种类丰富,地理成分复杂,具有明显的热带亚热带到温带的过渡性质;(3)火地塘林区种子植物区系成分与青木川、天华山、牛背梁、周至老县城植物区系亲缘关系较近,与东段的伏牛山次之,与西段的小陇山以及北部的子午岭有一定差异,表明秦岭植物区系成分的经向地带性,即经度越低,温带-北温带成分越高,经度越高,热带-亚热带成分越高。