The effect of high-temperature annealing on optical properties of porous anodic alumina formed in oxalic acid.

Photoluminescence (PL) of anodic alumina membranes (AAMs) with ordered nanopore arrays fabricated in oxalic acid has been investigated under different annealing temperatures. X-ray diffraction reveals the structural transition from the amorphous state to crystallization. PL measurements show that a blue PL band occurs in the wavelength range 300-600 nm. The differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) results revealed plentiful oxalic ions incorporated into the prepared AAMs. The PL band of AAMs could be attributed to the co-actions of the oxygen vacancies (F(+) and F centres) and the luminescent centres transformed from oxalic impurities. With the increase of the annealing temperature, the intensities of PL increase first, and at 500 degrees C reach a maximum value, then decrease. The PL phenomenon is intimately related to the temperature-induced structural transitions. There are three optical centres in the annealed AAMs; the first is originates from the F centres, the second is correlated with F(+) centres and the third is associated with the oxalic impurities incorporated in the AAMs.     

螺旋藻的纯化

观察了螺旋藻生长过程中藻丝和杂菌的生长规律,发现中性细菌和碱性细菌的数量始终是藻丝的10^5～10^6倍。采用常规的稀释平板法、毛细管法和挑单藻法均无法可靠地获得无菌纯藻。设计用低速离心法洗涤下沉性藻丝,用过滤法洗涤上浮性藻丝,对藻丝进行预处理洗去大量杂菌;对迁移性和非迁移性藻株分别采用夹层法和平板法纯化藻株,使得单根藻丝在平板上形成藻落,获得无菌纯藻。     

Single step Al2O3 chromatography for improved separation and recovery of Taxol

An improved method that uses a single alkaline Al₂O₃ chromatography step was developed both for separating Taxol from the extracts of Taxus cuspidate callus cultures, and meanwhile converting other taxanes to Taxol catalyzed by the Al₂O₃ adsorbent. Under the optimized operating conditions, a Taxol recovery of 170% was obtained. The final Taxol content was 29% starting from less than 1% in the initial extracts.     

A hybrid model for reducing ecological bias

A major drawback of epidemiological ecological studies, in which the association between area-level summaries of risk and exposure is used to make inference about individual risk, is the difficulty in characterizing within-area variability in exposure and confounder variables. To avoid ecological bias, samples of individual exposure/confounder data within each area are required. Unfortunately, these may be difficult or expensive to obtain, particularly if large samples are required. In this paper, we propose a new approach suitable for use with small samples. We combine a Bayesian nonparametric Dirichlet process prior with an estimating functions' approach and show that this model gives a compromise between 2 previously described methods. The method is investigated using simulated data, and a practical illustration is provided through an analysis of lung cancer mortality and residential radon exposure in counties of Minnesota. We conclude that we require good quality prior information about the exposure/confounder distributions and a large between- to within-area variability ratio for an ecological study to be feasible using only small samples of individual data.     

三种树脂粘接剂对纯氧化铝粘接强度的影响

目的:测定试件经过喷砂、硅溶胶热处理及与硅烷偶联剂结合的表面处理后,三种树脂粘接剂与纯氧化铝贴面的剪切强度。方法:选取高纯度的α-Al_2O_3纯氧化铝试件30个,将其随机分为A(可乐丽菲露SACTM复合树脂粘接剂)、B(Vorilink N树脂粘接剂)、C(RelyXTM Unicem树脂粘接剂)三组,每组10个。与试件粘接,在恒温水浴37℃的环境下静置24 h后测试其剪切粘接强度。扫描电子显微镜下观察各试件粘接界面的破坏形式。结果:Vorilink N粘接强度为(18.37±2.11)、RelyXTM Unicem粘接强度为(9.98±1.22),SACTM树脂粘接材料粘接强度最好,为(25.91±2.97),显著高于Vorilink N树脂粘接剂和RelyXTM Unicem树脂粘接剂,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组全部为混合破坏,B组出现了粘接剂的内部破坏,C组既有混合破坏也有界面破坏和粘接剂的内部破坏。扫描电镜图显示A、B两组的粘接断面上有很多树脂残留,C组表面相对光滑树脂残留很少。结论:不同树脂粘接剂对纯氧化铝试件的粘接强度有影响,SACTM粘接剂的粘接效果最好。     

Temperature effects on hyphal growth of wood-decay basidiomycetes isolated from Pinus densiflora deadwood

Hyphal growth rates were tested on malt extract agar plates at eight different temperatures (5–40?°C) using 36 isolates of 17 basidiomycete species obtained from Pinus densiflora deadwood in Japan. All isolates of four brown rot species showed optimum growth at 30?°C, whereas the optimum growth temperature of white rot species varied from 20?°C to 30?°C. Analysis using a dataset from four cooler sites showed that brown rot fungi grew more rapidly than white rot fungi at higher temperatures (25?°C, 30?°C, and 35?°C). These results suggest that the hyphal growth of brown rot fungi might be physiologically adapted to higher temperatures than those of white rot fungi among the fungal species inhabiting deadwood of P. densiflora in Japan.     

A Bone-remodelling Scheme Based on Principal Strains Applied to a Tooth During Translation

This paper investigates the role of principal strains within the periodontal ligament (PDL) during bone remodelling in orthodontics and particularly in the case of bodily motion (pure translation). Using analytical formulas of stress and strains within the PDL for the particular case of a paraboloidal central incisor during translation, the strains are directly related to the motion of the interface between the alveolar bone and the PDL, called bone surface. It is shown that both normal and shear strains within the PDL are of the same importance for bone surface motion. Moreover, both “mean average” and “geometrical average” of principal strains within the PDL play a significant role in the bone remodelling process, as they contribute with the same proportionality. In summary, the proposed formulas differ than previous ones that had been successfully applied to describe remodelling within long bones. The proposed theory is also sustained by a linear finite element analysis.     

摄食声对草鱼幼鱼的诱集作用

以草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)幼鱼为实验对象, 进行了声音播放实验, 旨在探究草鱼幼鱼对水下录制的草鱼摄食浮萍声音(简称摄食声)的行为反应。以不播放声音的草鱼鱼群作为对照, 探讨了4 种单频音(500、1000、2000和3000 Hz)和摄食声对草鱼游泳行为和在水槽内的分布的影响。结果表明: 在播放单频音时, 3min内草鱼的趋音游泳速度和逗留时间与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05); 在播放摄食声时, 3min内草鱼的趋音游泳速度和逗留时间显著高于4种单频音组和对照组(P<0.05); 在播放单频音时, 20min内草鱼的平均游泳速度、水槽内的分布和趋音率与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05); 在播放摄食声时, 20min内草鱼的平均游泳速度和趋音率都显著高于4种单频音组和对照组(P<0.05)。草鱼摄食声对草鱼幼鱼有诱集作用, 为声音诱鱼技术研究提供了科学依据。     

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Alumina Addition in Sodium Silicate Glasses

Abstract

Molecular dynamics simulations of alumina containing silicate glasses have been performed in order to determine the influence of that ion on the final properties of the glasses. In particular, short- and mid-range structures were analyzed in terms of the distribution of non bridging oxygen, bridging oxygen, three bridging oxygen species in the glasses, along with the coordination number distribution (cn) and qn species distribution. The results support the hypothesis that the observed changes in the property of the glasses could be directly related to the coordination preferences of the Al ion.