微创肺表面活性物质对呼吸窘迫综合征新生儿肝肾功能、氧合功能及呼吸功能的影响

目的:探讨微创肺表面活性物质(pulmonary surfactant,PS)对呼吸窘迫综合征新生儿氧合功能、肝肾功能及呼吸功能的影响。方法:选择2018年3月至2019年3月我院收治的66例新生呼吸窘迫综合征的患儿作为研究对象,并按照随机数字表法分为观察组(n=33)和对照组(n=33)。对照组患儿采取常规的治疗方式,观察组患儿则在对照组治疗基础上应用微创PS治疗。观察比较两组患儿的动脉血气指标、Ⅱ型肺泡细胞表面抗原(KL-6)、巨噬细胞移动抑制因子-1(MIF-1)、高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB-1)、肝肾功能、氧合指数及呼吸机参数。结果:治疗后,两组的氧分压(PaO_2)、二氧化碳总量(TCO_2)、氧饱和度(SaO_2)均较治疗前显著增高;且观察组以上指标均高于对照组。两组的Ⅱ型肺泡细胞表面抗原(KL-6)、巨噬细胞移动抑制因子-1 (MIF-1)、高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB-1)均较治疗前显著降低,且观察组的以上指标均低于对照组。两组的谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(CRE)水平均较治疗前显著降低,且观察组的以上指标均明显低于对照组。观察两组的呼吸机参数和氧合指数,发现两组的吸入氧浓度(FiO_2)、吸气峰压(PIP)、呼吸末正压(PEEP)、氧合指数(PaO_2/FiO_2,OI)均较治疗前有所改善,且观察组的以上指标均要优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:应用微创PS治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的效果显著,能明显改善患儿的动脉血气指标、肝肾功能以及氧合功能,减轻炎症反应,并减少机械通气的参数。     

人PINK1-shRNA载体的构建及对神经母细胞瘤细胞线粒体的影响

摘要 目的：构建筛选人源靶向特异PINK1-shRNA敲减质粒,转染神经母细胞瘤SH-SY5Y细胞并验证该质粒转染后对PINK1基因的敲减效率,观察对细胞线粒体形态的影响。方法：构建两对人源PINK1-shRNA序列(编号分别为PINK1-shRNA-39和PINK1-shRNA-42),将这2对干扰序列连接在载体上形成重组载体,经测序验证后,将空载体和两对敲减质粒分别转染SH-SY5Y细胞,获得基因敲减的细胞模型,用CCK-8法检测细胞的存活率,用荧光定量PCR方法确定PINK1基因的敲减效率,用蛋白质免疫印迹法验证细胞内PINK1的表达水平是否发生改变,用激光共聚焦显微镜观察线粒体的形态是否发生了改变。结果：我们提取的质粒,经测序结果显示,质粒载体构建成功;转染细胞后,CCK-8 法检测细胞存活率发生了降低,与正常组比较,PINK1-shRNA-39和PINK1-shRNA-42敲减质粒组,细胞的存活率分别降低了13.7%（P＜0.05）和14.1%（P＜0.05）;荧光定量PCR结果显示,与正常组相比,PINK1-shRNA-39组和PINK1-shRNA-42组敲减质粒转染的细胞内PINK1基因的表达分别降低了24.1%（P＜0.01）和36.7%（P＜0.01）;蛋白质印迹法结果显示,与正常组相比,两对质粒分别转染细胞后,PINK1-shRNA-39和PINK1-shRNA-42敲减质粒转染的细胞内PINK1蛋白的表达水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),PINK1-shRNA-42敲减质粒转染的细胞内PINK1蛋白的表达水平有效降低更明显;与正常组比较,激光共聚焦显微镜观察到基因敲减两组细胞的线粒体部分发生断裂,碎片较多,基因敲减两组的线粒体的形态因子显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜ 0.01）。结论：成功构建了人源的PINK1基因敲减的质粒,并将敲减的质粒成功转染至SH-SY5Y 细胞中,细胞内PINK1基因的mRNA和蛋白的表达水平降低,且细胞线粒体的形态发生了改变。     

Mossy cell synaptic dysfunction causes memory imprecision via miR‐128 inhibition of STIM2 in Alzheimer's disease mouse model

Recently, we have reported that dentate mossy cells (MCs) control memory precision via directly and functionally innervating local somatostatin (SST) inhibitory interneurons. Here, we report a discovery that dysfunction of synaptic transmission between MCs and SST cells causes memory imprecision in a mouse model of early Alzheimer's disease (AD). Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals that miR‐128 that binds to a 3′UTR of STIM2 and inhibits STIM2 translation is increasingly expressed in MCs from AD mice. Silencing miR‐128 or disrupting miR‐128 binding to STIM2 evokes STIM2 expression, restores synaptic function, and rescues memory imprecision in AD mice. Comparable findings are achieved by directly engineering MCs with the expression of STIM2. This study unveils a key synaptic and molecular mechanism that dictates how memory maintains or losses its details and warrants a promising target for therapeutic intervention of memory decays in the early stage of AD.     

Prostatic irradiation-induced sexual dysfunction: A review and multidisciplinary guide to management in the radical radiotherapy era (Part II on Urological Management)

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Radiotherapy is a curative option that is administered via external beam radiation, brachytherapy, or in combination. Sexual dysfunction is a common toxicity following radiotherapy, similar to men undergoing radical prostatectomy, but the etiology is different. The pathophysiology of radiation-induced sexual dysfunction is multi-factorial, and the toxicity is a major cause of impaired quality of life among long-term prostate cancer survivors. Management of a patient’s sexual function during and after radiotherapy requires multidisciplinary coordination of care between radiation oncology, urology, psychiatry, pharmacy, and dermatology. This review provides a framework for clinicians to better understand prostatic radiotherapy-induced sexual dysfunction diagnosis, evaluation, and a patient-centered approach to toxicity preventive strategies and management.     

急性脑梗死并发肺部感染患者预后及危险因素分析

目的分析急性脑梗死并发肺部感染患者病原菌分布、病原菌耐药性、患者用药特征及其危险因素。方法选取2015年3月至2017年3月在我院急诊科进行住院治疗,且年龄60岁的急性脑梗死并发肺部感染患者60例为研究对象,对患者的一般资料及病原菌分布情况、耐药情况和患者用药情况进行分析。结果 60例患者中有30例出现肺部感染,感染率为50.00%。肺部感染患者中死亡4例。肺部感染患者痰液中共培养出28株病原菌,其中革兰阴性菌21株,革兰阳性菌5株,真菌2株。30例肺部感染患者共使用6种抗感染药物,其中哌拉西林/舒巴坦的使用频率最高,其次为依替米星及美罗培南。Logistic回归分析显示,病原菌分布、耐药情况和患者用药情况与患者的预后存在相关性。结论急性脑梗死并发肺部感染患者的病原菌分布、耐药情况及患者用药情况与患者的预后密切相关,应针对上述因素给予患者合理的治疗。     

系统生物学在认知功能障碍研究中的应用

认知功能障碍可导致患者日常生活能力、社会适应能力明显下降,严重影响患者的生活质量。根据近年来众多研究显示,认知功能障碍的发生发展与基因、蛋白质、微生物等内环境因素的失调和紊乱有关。基于系统生物学的研究,梳理了近年来国内外研究学者在代谢组学、蛋白质组学、基因组学和肠道微生物组学层面对认知功能障碍的研究,并对系统生物学在认知功能障碍中的应用前景进行了展望,以期为认知功能障碍相关研究提供参考。     

Assessment of risk factors for postoperative cognitive dysfunction after coronary artery bypass surgery: a single-center retrospective cohort study

Aim: To find out risk factors for postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and to provide basis for clinical prevention of POCD. A total of 88 patients who underwent CABG were surveyed with Telephone Questionnaire (TICS-M) for their cognitive impairment after 3, 7, 21, 90, 180 days post-surgery. The occurrence of POCD was diagnosed by Neuropsychological Battery which included Vocabular Learning Test (VLT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Trail Making Test (TMT) and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). The preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative risk factors were assessed by the χ² or t test. Multivariate analysis was used to study the correlation between the risk factors and the occurrence of POCD. Age, aortic plaque, carotid artery stenosis, cerebrovascular disease, anesthesia time, the rate of decline in intraoperative hemoglobin concentration (ΔHb) and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) score on postoperative day 2 had statistically significant (P<0.05) influence on the occurrence of POCD. Aortic plaque, carotid artery stenosis, anesthesia time and SIRS score (odds ratio (OR) value > 1, P<0.05) are the risk factors for POCD. The incidence of day-21 and -180 POCD was approximately 26.1 and 22.7%, respectively.     

Unwrapping the phase portrait features of adventitious crackle for auscultation and classification: a machine learning approach

Journal of Biological Physics - The paper delves into the plausibility of applying fractal, spectral, and nonlinear time series analyses for lung auscultation. The thirty-five sound signals of...     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者血清VAP-1、MSP、SDF-1水平与肺功能、炎性因子及生活质量的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）稳定期患者血清血管黏附蛋白-1（VAP-1）、巨噬细胞刺激蛋白（MSP）、基质细胞衍生因子-1（SDF-1）水平与肺功能、炎性因子及生活质量的关系。方法：选取我院2018年9月～2020年9月收治的COPD稳定期患者116例作为COPD组,选取同期于我院体检的健康志愿者100例作为对照组。比较两组血清VAP-1、MSP、SDF-1水平以及肺功能指标[第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、用力肺活量（FVC）、FEV1/FVC、最大呼气流速（PEF）]、炎症因子[白介素-6（IL-6）、白介素-17（IL-17）、白介素-22（IL-22）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）]水平。根据COPD稳定期患者的严重程度,分成轻度组（n=53）、中度组（n=34）、重度组（n=29）,比较三组上述各指标水平。采用COPD评估测试表（CAT）评估三组生活质量并进行比较,经Pearson线性相关分析血清VAP-1、MSP、SDF-1水平与肺功能、炎性因子及CAT评分的相关性。结果：COPD组血清VAP-1、MSP、SDF-1、IL-6、IL-17、IL-22及TNF-α水平均高于对照组,而FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC以及PEF低于对照组（P＜0.05）。轻度组血清VAP-1、MSP、SDF-1、IL-6、IL-17、IL-22、TNF-α水平及CAT评分较中度、重度组明显降低,且中度组低于重度组,而轻度组FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC、PEF较中度、重度组增高,且中度组高于重度组（P＜0.05）。Pearson线性相关分析提示,血清VAP-1、MSP、SDF-1水平与FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC、PEF呈负相关,三者与血清IL-6、IL-17、IL-22、TNF-α水平及CAT评分呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论：COPD稳定期患者的血清VAP-1、MSP、SDF-1水平明显上调,且三者与患者的肺功能、炎症因子及生活质量密切相关,临床有望通过测定血清VAP-1、MSP、SDF-1水平,评估COPD稳定期患者病情进展情况。     

HFOV联合PS对治疗新生儿ALI/ARDS的疗效及对肺动态顺应性的影响

摘要 目的：探讨高频振荡通气（HFOV）联合肺表面活性物质（PS）对治疗新生儿急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ALI/ARDS）的疗效及对肺动态顺应性的影响。方法：选择2018年1月至2020年12月我院新生儿科收治的160例ALI/ARDS患儿进行研究,按照随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,每组80例。对照组患儿给予常频通气（CMV）模式联合PS治疗,观察组患儿给予HFOV模式联合PS治疗。比较两组患儿一般治疗情况、治疗前后肺动态顺应性、动脉血氧分压（PaO₂）、动脉二氧化氮分压（PaCO₂）、氧合指数（OI）、血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-10的变化,以及治疗期间并发症发生情况。结果：观察组胸片恢复正常时间、机械通气时间、氧暴露时间、ICU停留时间、住院时间结果均明显短于对照组（P＜0.05）,两组患儿病死率相比较,无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗后12 h、24 h、48 h时,观察组肺动态顺应性及PaO₂、OI结果明显高于对照组,PaCO₂明显比对照组低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗后48 h时,观察组血清TNF-α、IL-6水平均明显低于对照组,IL-10明显比对照组高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组治疗期间,呼吸机相关性肺损伤、颅内出血、气漏、呼吸道感染的总发生率比较,无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：HFOV联合PS治疗新生儿ALI/ARDS疗效明显,可有效改善患儿肺动态顺应性,促进血气分析指标恢复,且可降低炎症因子的表达,值得推广应用。