食用菌产业专业化人才培养模式的探索

针对食用菌产业高素质专业人才培养目标的要求,从专业培养目标的导向性、课程设置的滞后性、实训教学的缺失性、教学方式的被动性等方面分析了食用菌专业人才培养模式存在的问题。以华南农业大学食用菌专业人才培养模式为例,从食用菌产业对专业人才培养目标的定位与特色、专业理论与实践课程设置的优化创新、教学方式与考核方式的优化创新等方面,探究食用菌产业专业人才的培养模式,为进一步完善现有的人才培养方案、推动人才培养模式的改革提供一定的参考。     

Synthesis of the t [beta-D-Gal-(1 goes to 3)-alpha-D-GalNAc]-antigenic determinant in a form useful for the preparation of an effective artificial antigen and the corresponding immunoadsorbent

The T antigenic determinant was synthesized in the form 8-methoxycarbonyloctyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-alpha-D-galactopyranoside (6) (beta-D-Gal-(1 goes to 3)-alpha-D-GalNAcO(CH2)8CO2Me). This T-hapten was used to prepare a T-BSA artificial antigen (7) and an immunoadsorbent (8), which were shown to possess the expected immunological properties. Nuclear Overhauser enhancements of the signals for anti-periplanar H-2' and the syn-axial H-3' of the beta-D-galactopyranosyl group were observed on saturation of H-1'. The signal for H-3 of the 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside residue was also enhanced.     

护理专业学生专业价值观的调查研究

目的:本研究旨在全面了解护理专业学生专业价值观的现状,分析学生在专业价值观上存在的问题,为开展高素质、高职业精神的护理专业提供依据。方法:采用整群抽样法,使用《护理专业价值观量表》对我院四个年级、两个层次的600名护生进行问卷调查。结果:护生专业价值观的总体水平较高(总得分为121.4±19.24);护生对"关怀照顾"(均值为4.03±0.87)和"利他主义"(均值为4.03±0.87)关注度最高,对"行动主义"(均值为3.74±0.89)的关注度最低;护生的学历、年级、自身对护理专业的选择意愿及对护理的喜爱程度影响其专业价值观水平(P0.01)。护生的性别对专业价值观无显著影响(P0.05)。结论:护理教育者应多方式、多渠道、分层次的加强护生的职业情感教育,帮助护生建立并发展稳定的职业价值观,从而为临床培养高质量的护理人才。     

Teachers' journal club: bridging between the dynamics of biological discoveries and biology teachers

Since biology is one of the most dynamic research fields within the natural sciences, the gap between the accumulated knowledge in biology and the knowledge that is taught in schools, increases rapidly with time. Our long-term objective is to develop means to bridge between the dynamics of biological discoveries and the biology teachers and students. Here we report on our recent initiative towards this objective in which we established a journal club forum as a means towards the professional development of biology teachers. We used the journal club format, which is common within the scientific community, in order to engage biology teachers in a constructivist type of learning in which they acquire new skills and at the same time are continuously updated as to biological discoveries, and can then develop updated activities for their biology students. We suggest using the journal club format for the long-term professional development of biology teachers.     

Survey of medical training in cytopathology carried out by the journal Cytopathology

Anshu, A. Herbert, B. Cochand‐Priollet, P. Cross, M. Desai, R. Dina, J. Duskova, A. Evered, A. Farnsworth, W. Gray, S. S. Gupta, K. Kapila, I. Kardum‐Skelin, V. Kloboves‐Prevodnik, T. K. Kobayashi, H. Koutselini, W. Olszewski, B. Onal, M. B. Pitman, ?. Marin?ek, T. Sauer, U. Schenck, F. Schmitt, I. Shabalova, J. H. F. Smith, E. Tani, L. Vass, P. Vielh and H. Wiener
Survey of medical training in cytopathology carried out by the journal Cytopathology This report of the Editorial Advisory Board of Cytopathology gives the results of a survey of medical practitioners in cytopathology, which aimed to find out their views on the current situation in undergraduate and postgraduate training in their institutions and countries. The results show that training in cytopathology and histopathology are largely carried out at postgraduate level and tend to be organized nationally rather than locally. Histopathology was regarded as essential for training in cytopathology by 89.5% of respondents and was mandatory according to 83.1%. Mandatory cytopathology sections of histopathology were reported by 67.3% and specific examinations in cytopathology by 55.4%. The main deficiencies in training were due to its variability; there were insufficient numbers of pathologists interested in cytology and a consequent lack of training to a high level of competence. Pathologists without specific training in cytopathology signed out cytology reports according to 54.7% of responses, more often in centres where training was 3–6 months or less duration. Although 92.2% of respondents thought that specialist cytology should not be reported by pathologists without experience in general cytopathology, that practice was reported by 30.9%, more often in centres with small workloads. The survey report recommends that 6–12 months should be dedicated to cytopathology during histopathology training, with optional additional training for those wanting to carry out independent practice in cytopathology. Formal accreditation should be mandatory for independent practice in cytopathology. When necessary, temporary placements to centres of good practice should be available for trainees intending to practise independently in cytopathology. There should be adequate numbers of pathologists trained in cytopathology to a high level of competence; some of their time could be released by training cytotechnologists and trainee pathologists to prescreen cytology slides and assess adequacy of fine‐needle aspiration samples when immediate diagnosis was not required. The survey demonstrated a clear need for European and international guidelines for training in cytopathology.     

针灸推拿专业培养模式的改革与实践

随着经济的发展和社会的进步,针灸推拿学科近年来发展迅速。培养优秀的针灸推拿专业人才,必须深化教育改革。本文结合教学实践,着重从目标体系、课程体系、教育教学方法体系和考核评价体系等四个方面进行了讨论：（1）从确定人才培养目标,人才培养目标体系的建立,两方面探讨构建特色专业人才培养目标体系;（2）构建以传承、实践、创新、应用为主干的核心课程体系;（3）构建课程教学与课外实践紧密结合的教育教学方法体系主要分为以下三方面工作：①实施理论课程教学改革,优化学习过程②构建与培养目标相适应的实验教学体系,加强实践创新能力培养③优化校内实训和社会实践相结合的实践教学体系,强化课外实践效果;（4）构建校内培养过程与社会认同相结合的评价体系主要分以下两个方面：①完善校内培养过程评价制度建立②培养质量的社会认同评价。     

Formation of ethnic and racial identities: narratives by young Asian-American professionals

This article examines Asian-American professionals’ ethnic and pan-ethnic attachments and identities through fifteen autobiographical essays. Classical assimilation theory predicts that well-educated Asian-American professionals will be highly acculturated into the white middle class, with little retention of their ethnic subculture; yet many of our essayists had strong, bicultural orientations. Their high level of social assimilation, reflected in their friendships and intimate relationships with whites, indicates that Asian Americans can socially assimilate without relinquishing their culture. Most of the 1.5 and second-generation essayists tried to hide their ethnic culture and non-white characteristics during their early school years. Yet, they experienced a painful but gradual establishment of an ethnic identity, usually beginning in their college years. Some contributors also expressed varying degrees of pan-Asian identity and a moderate level of Third World racial identity.     

Managing professional service firms in a multi-ethnic context: an ethnographic study

Whether ethnic minority enterprise is a distinctive phenomenon markedly different from the general small firm population continues to be a major point of interest. However, there are two curious omissions within existing debates. First, the management of social relations within the workplace is rarely an explicit focus for research. Second, the increasingly significant small professional or business service sector remains neglected despite its growing importance. This article addresses these issues through an ethnographic study of two firms from different ethnic groups (African-Caribbean and Pakistani) engaged in the provision of specialist business and computer services. Despite the prevalence of a discourse predicated on notions of 'professionalism', ethnic ties were found to be a significant consideration upon issues relating to recruitment, workforce composition and community linkages. To some extent, ethnic identity predicated on religion was an important influence on business outlook for the Pakistani firm. And the African-Caribbean firm also appeared cognizant of the position of the wider co-ethnic community. However, ethnic considerations were not decisive influences within the workplace. Rather, they interacted with market and employment-related issues, thus creating a 'relatively autonomous' labour process.     

医院评审管理信息系统的建设与应用实践

新一轮医院评审提出了管理模式从粗放的行政化管理转向精细的信息化管理的指导原则,同时引入了自我评价理念和评建并举制度。围绕原卫生部《三级综合医院评审标准》,结合日常质量管理工作,利用信息化、网络化技术,建立了基于多层B/S架构的评审管理信息系统,并遵循PDCA质量改进模式,按照计划组织、执行落实、检查复核与评价改进的工作流程开展信息化评审与质量自评。评审管理信息系统的应用,帮助医院建立起了一整套规范化的自评流程,提升了医院的自评能力,推动了院内质量监测和改进机制的建立,完善了医院的质量管理体系。     

Weight-of-Evidence Issues and Frameworks for Sediment Quality (And Other) Assessments

Weight of evidence (WOE) frameworks for integrating and interpreting multiple lines of evidence are discussed, focusing on sediment quality assessments, and introducing a series of ten papers on WOE. Approaches to WOE include individual lines of evidence (LOE) as well as combined LOE (indices, statistical summarization, logic systems, scoring systems, and best professional judgment [BPJ]). The application of WOE, based on multiple LOE, is discussed relative to the published literature. Fully implementing WOE requires consideration of six main LOE in sediment (or other assessments); these LOE generally correspond to other causality considerations including Koch's Postulates. However, the issue of sediment stability is an additional consideration, and the use of tabular decision matrices is recommended in a logic system to address LOE described by others as “analogy”, “plausibility”, or “logical and scientific sense.” Three examples of logic system WOE determinations based on the Sediment Quality Triad and using tabular decision matrices are provided. Key lessons from these examples include the: generally limited utility of sediment quality value (SQV)-based LOE; need for BPJ; importance of ecological relevance; importance of assessing background conditions; and, need for appropriately customizing study designs to suit sitespecific circumstances (rather than application of “boiler-plate” assessments). Overall, more quantitative approaches are needed that better define certainty elements of WOE in an open framework process, i.e., statistical summarization culminating in a logic system incorporating BPJ.