华山新麦草濒危原因及种群繁殖对策

华山新麦草特产于我国华山,为国家一级保护植物。由于华山新麦草和小麦属于亲缘种,并且具有很强的抗旱性和耐盐性,所以对其的研究就 很有实践意义。从生境特征和繁殖对策的角度对其濒危原因进行了探讨。华山新麦草生长在恶劣和不连续的生境中,每个居群个体数量都很少。极低的繁殖分配造成其有性繁殖水平低下。脆弱的竞争力和沉重的环境压力共同作用使华山新麦草侧重选择了营养繁殖方式,在生活史上策略上选择上偏重于K－策略。     

DNA计算机的研究和展望

DNA计算机是计算机科学和分子生物学互相结合、互相渗透而产生的新兴交叉研究领域.目前已取得较大进展.DNA计算机是以编码的DNA序列为运算对象,通过分子生物学的运算操作以解决复杂的数学难题.DNA计算机的重要特点是信息容量的巨量性和密集性,和处理操作的高度并行性,通过强力搜索策略迅速得出正确的答案,从而使其运算速度大大超过常规计算机的计算速度.介绍了DNA计算机的近期进展和工作原理及其分子生物学的运算操作过程.并对DNA计算机的未来发展前景及在生物信息学中的意义,进行了分析和讨论.     

提高小麦品种稳产性、适应性的后代选育策略研究

西农８７２７的成功选育为稳产性、适应性品种选育提供了借鉴,本试验以西农８７２７小麦品种选育过程中稳定的５个高代选系为材料,采用不同环境条件、不同试点的试验设计,运用Ｅberhart-Rusell分析方法,推算出参试品系的稳定性参数,分析和比较它们的产量稳定性及环境适应性,并据此筛选出适合性强、稳产性好的优良品系,在此基础上,提出了高代出圃选系后代选育的探讨性见解,为今后高产、稳产、广适性小麦新品种的选育提供了一定的方法参考。     

南蝠回声定位叫声的分析

蝙蝠科是翼手目中种类最繁多、分布最广泛、进化最成功的科之一 ,全球共有 42属 35 5种(Ｎｏｗａｋ ,1991)。该类群的大多数物种都以超声波回声定位来进行捕食 ,其回声定位行为的多样性以及捕食策略的多样性 ,一直都是动物生态学中的研究热点。南蝠 (Ｉａｉｏ)属蝙蝠科南蝠属 ,为单型种 ,主要分布于我国 (罗蓉等 ,1993)。它是蝙蝠科中体形最大者 ,以前对其生态学方面的研究非常少 ,而对其回声定位的研究则未见报道。南蝠捕食时的叫声与飞行及悬挂状态下的叫声的基本特征一致 (声谱图及谐波等 ) ,仅在叫声次数上有一定差异。因此本文将录制南…     

Can imperfect host discrimination explain partial patch exploitation in parasitoids?

1. Host discrimination by Aphidius rhopalosiphi (De Stefani Perez) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was first studied on the grain aphid Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Females tended to avoid oviposition in hosts parasitised 3 h earlier. No evidence of host discrimination ability on freshly parasitised hosts was suggested, however, and ovipositional experience had no effect on host discrimination. 2. The effects of host discrimination ability on the exploitation strategy of patches containing different proportions of unparasitised hosts and hosts parasitised for 3 h were studied. Females spent less time on patches with a higher proportion of parasitised hosts, reflecting the females' ability to perceive the potential profitability of the patch. This ability may be based on the nature of the hosts encountered (unparasitised or parasitised). 3. Incomplete exploitation of unparasitised hosts was also observed. It seems that this partial exploitation is related to the inability of A. rhopalosiphi to recognise freshly parasitised hosts. As a female may experience a risk of self‐superparasitism during patch depletion, this could promote early departure from incompletely exploited patches. 4. The effect of previous experience on the patch exploitation strategy was also assessed. Females were tested twice on two patches of the same quality. Results suggested that the experience acquired during a previous visit led the females to leave the patch sooner and to lay fewer eggs in parasitised hosts. 5. Patch exploitation strategy may therefore be the result of different factors such as host discrimination and experience. The evolutionary consequences of the results are discussed.     

Mixotrophic cryptophytes and their predators in the Dry Valley lakes of Antarctica

1. The ingestion rates of planktonic, mixotrophic cryptophytes in two perennially ice-covered Antarctic lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, were investigated during the summer of 1997–1998.
2. In Lake Fryxell, which is meromictic, ingestion rates increased with depth in November and were highest in a cryptophyte maximum close to the chemocline. In Lake Hoare, which is unstratified and freshwater, there was no significant difference in ingestion rates with depth. In both lakes, the highest ingestion rates occurred in early summer, decreasing in December and January. Ingestion rates varied between 0.2 bacteria cell⁻¹ h⁻¹ and 3.6 bacteria cell⁻¹ h⁻¹.
3. During November, mixotrophic cryptophytes removed up to 13% of bacterial biomass day⁻¹ and had a greater grazing impact than heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNAN). As summer progressed, the grazing impact of cryptophytes and HNAN became similar.
4. The maximum depth of cryptophytes in Lake Fryxell was predated by a population of the ciliate Plagiocampa. Plagiocampa had an ingestion rate of 0.13–0.19 cryptophytes cell⁻¹ h⁻¹. The grazing impact on the cryptophyte community was insignificant. However, the ciliate appeared to be indulging in temporary mixotrophy, sequestering the cryptophytes for a number of weeks before digesting them.
5. It is suggested that mixotrophy is an important survival strategy in the extreme lake ecosystems of the McMurdo Dry Valleys.     

真核生物中基因打靶的策略

本文综述了真核生物中应用较为广泛且较为有效的基因打靶策略,并且比较了这几种策略的优缺点,对新近发展起来的组织特异性基因打靶和可诱导的基因打把策略也作了介绍在打靶在人类遗传病动物模型的构建,基因治疗和基因功能研究方面都有着重要的作用。     

Bioreactor operating strategy inThalictrum rugosum plant cell culture for the production of berberine

Optimal substrate feeding strategy in bioreactor operation was investigated to increase the production of secondary metabolite in a high density culture of plant cell. It was accomplished by the previously proposed structured kinetic model that describes the cell growth and synthesis of the secondary metabolite, berberine, in a batch suspension culture ofThalictrum rugosum. Four types of operation strategies for sugar feeding intoT. rugosum culture were proposed based on the model, which were the periodic fedbatch operations to maintain the cell activity, the cell viability, and the specific production rate, and the perfusion operation to maintain the specific production rate. From the simulation results of these strategies, it could be found that the periodic fed-batch operation and the perfusion operation could achieve the higher volumetric production of berberine (mg berberine/L) and specific production yield (mg berberine/g dry cell weight) than those of batch cultures. Although the highest productivity (mg berberine/day) of berberine could be achieved by the periodic fed-batch operation to maintain the cell activity compared with the other strategies in the periodic fed-batch operations, the specific production yield was low due to the higher maximum dry cell weight than other cases. The periodic fed-batch operation to maintain cell viability resulted in the highest volumetric production of berberine and specific production yield compared with the other strategies. In the cases of maintaining the specific production rate, the per-formance of the periodic fed-batch operation was better than that of the perfusion operation in the respect of the volumetric production and productivity of berberine. In order to increase the volumetric production of berberine and to get the highest specific production yield, the periodic fed-batch operation to maintain cell viability could be chosen as the optimal operating strategy in high density, culture ofT. rugosum plant cell.     

鹅掌楸的花部综合特征与虫媒传粉

连续３年对鹅掌楸３个自然居群的性表达状态与花粉传递的关系进行了观察和实验检测。和玻片法检测结果表明,风媒导致的异传粉作用可以忽略。心管存在雌雄异熟现象,但不同时期花粉在人工授粉的柱头上均能萌发,花粉活力与柱头可受期重叠超过１ｄ。解剖结构显示花药壁纤维层不均匀增厚与开裂机制有关;花被片及花柱均分布有分泌细胞和荧光细胞,但花为昆虫提供的大量蜜汁主要是由维管束周围的细胞所分泌。花散布的气味、花蜜的诱导昆