玉竹提取物对大鼠多囊卵巢综合症的疗效研究

目的 观察玉竹提取物（POD）对多囊卵巢综合症（PCOS）模型大鼠卵巢功能及炎症的影响。方法 本研究选择3周龄雌性SD大鼠,采用来曲唑进行灌胃21 d复制PCOS模型,造模成功后,采用不同浓度POD对PCOS模型大鼠进行灌胃处理。记录大鼠每日饮水及摄食量、体重变化情况及动情周期,检测血液相关指标、测定血清睾酮水平,检测大鼠糖耐量,采用苏木素-伊红（HE）染色观察卵巢组织形态学变化,通过蛋白质免疫印迹法（WB）、实时荧光定量反转录聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）及免疫组织化学法（IHC）检测卵巢组织内抗苗勒激素（AMH）、炎性细胞因子白介素-1β (IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子α (TNF-α)的表达。结果 与对照组相比,PCOS模型大鼠动情周期紊乱、卵巢呈多囊样改变,血清睾酮水平显著上升、卵巢AMH表达上调、糖耐量异常（P<0.01）,IL-1β和TNF-α表达增加（P<0.01）;不同浓度POD处理PCOS模型大鼠后,大鼠动情周期逐渐恢复正常、卵巢中黄体数量增加、囊性卵泡数量减少、血清睾酮水平下调、糖耐量异常缓解（P<0.01）,卵巢组织炎性细胞因子IL-1β、TNF-...     

玉竹多糖对酒精诱导的HepG2细胞损伤的保护作用及其机制*

目的: 探究玉竹多糖对酒精诱导HepG2细胞损伤的保护作用及潜在的分子机制。方法: 通过噻唑蓝(MTT)法筛选酒精处理HepG2细胞的合适浓度和玉竹多糖干预浓度后,将HepG2细胞按照不同干预浓度(200 μg/L、400 μg/L和600 μg/L)的玉竹多糖分组,并设未添加玉竹多糖的空白组,预处理1 h后,再用4%酒精处理24 h,每组设置3个复孔,检测细胞内丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性,检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、白介素1β(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平,检测细胞Kelch 样环氧氯丙烷相关蛋白-1(Keap1)、磷酸化核因子E2相关因子 2(p-Nrf2)、磷酸酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸醌氧化还原酶-1(NQO1)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)和半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(cleaved-caspase-3)蛋白表达。结果: 与4%酒精处理后的HepG2细胞对比,各浓度玉竹多糖的干预能有效下调酒精诱导HepG2细胞内ALT和AST活性(P＜0.05);200 μg/L浓度玉竹多糖组的IL-1β和TNF-α水平明显下降(P＜ 0.05),而GSH水平明显上升(P＜0.01);400 μg/L和600 μg/L浓度玉竹多糖组的ROS、MDA、IL-1β和TNF-α水平明显下降(P＜0.05或P＜ 0.01),而GSH水平明显上升(P＜0.01)。玉竹多糖在有效上调酒精诱导HepG2细胞内p-Nrf2和NQO1蛋白表达的同时也下调Bax/ Bcl-2指数(P＜0.05),抑制Keap1和cleaved-caspase-3蛋白表达(P＜0.05)。结论: 玉竹多糖能通过调控Nrf2/ Keap1通路改善酒精诱导HepG2细胞氧化应激损伤,从而降低HepG2细胞炎症指数和细胞凋亡水平,其中400 μg/L和600 μg/L玉竹多糖的干预效果较好。     

DNA条形码在黄精属药用植物鉴定与遗传多样性分析中的应用

黄精属(Polygonatum)的许多物种具有重要的药用价值,但目前缺乏能够准确、高效地鉴定黄精属药用植物的DNA条形码。本研究通过对ITS、trnK-matK、rbcL、psbA-trnH和psbK-psbI序列进行扩增和测序,并从ITS序列中提取ITS2序列,共获得黄精属7个药用物种23份样品的138条序列。进一步比较6个DNA条形码对黄精属药用植物的鉴定效率,并验证所筛选条形码的可靠性。结果显示：trnK-matK的种内和种间变异重合少且有较明显的条形码间隙,其他5个序列的种内和种间变异重合多且无条形码间隙;BLAST结果表明trnK-matK的鉴定效率最高(85.7%),系统发育树显示trnK-matK的鉴定能力最强,能将全部12个多花黄精样品聚在一支,并能区分黄精、滇黄精、玉竹、点花黄精和湖北黄精;AMOVA分析结果揭示trnK-matK的群体遗传分化指数(F_st)最高,适用于区分黄精属物种间差异。因此,trnK-matK最适用于黄精属药用植物的分子鉴定。     

中国黄精属13种植物花粉形态及系统学研究

对黄精属(PolygonatumMill.)13种植物的花粉形态进行了光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察。除多花黄精(P.cyrtonema)、长梗黄精(P.filipes)、黄精(P.sibiricum)、和湖北黄精(P.zanlanscianense)外的9个种光镜研究均为首次报道,黄精、新疆黄精(P.roseum)和金佛山黄精(P.ginfoshanicum)的扫描电镜研究为首次报道。结果表明,黄精属植物花粉均为长球形,赤道面观多为椭圆形、卵圆形或近圆形;具远极单沟,无萌发孔,外壁两层、等厚,外层略厚或内层略厚,两层之间有的具柱状结构。黄精属植物花粉外壁纹饰分为5种类型:A.疣状纹饰,B.疣状细孔纹饰,C.孔状纹饰,D.网状纹饰,E.网状-疣状纹饰。结合本属及近缘属已有的孢粉学资料推测,花粉外壁纹饰可能的演化趋势为:C→B→A;C→E→D。从孢粉学角度初步分析了黄精属的属下系统,为该属植物种的划分及系统演化关系的探讨提供依据。     

几种植物次生物质对褐稻虱种群的控制作用模拟

为探讨褐稻虱Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)种群生态控制的作用机理,应用状态空间方程和作用因子添加分析法,研究植物次生物质不同组合对褐稻虱种群的控制作用;本研究以薇甘菊Mikania micrantha乙醇提取物、 飞机草Eupatorium odoratum乙醇提取物与现代苦楝Melia azedarach油的不同组合,作用于褐稻虱种群;根据不同虫期的调查数据,拟合出控制矩阵中各分块矩阵的元素值,并对褐稻虱种群的控制作用进行模拟。结果表明：单独施用薇甘菊乙醇提取物（1 g DW/100 mL）、飞机草乙醇提取物（1 g DW/100 mL）、 现代苦楝油（200倍）各1次, 能显著降低褐稻虱种群数量, 然而种群趋势指数I（population trend index）仍在1.00以上,即下代褐稻虱种群仍呈增长趋势,联合添加其中2种或3种能持续控制褐稻虱下代种群的增长。同时,植物次生物质对褐稻虱种群的控制作用主要表现在对成虫产卵的忌避作用,尤其是在本田种群建立的初期,由于其显著的忌避作用, 降低田间卵量,使其种群数量明显降低,可有效地控制其为害。     

药用植物黄精种子休眠特性研究

从黄精(Polygonatum sibiricum Red.)种子的形态、解剖结构、果实及种子部分抑制物质的生物测定和种子成熟过程中内源激素ABA含量的变化等方面研究种子的休眠特性。结果表明:黄精种子休眠属于综合休眠,首先黄精种子秋季采收后其种胚存在生理后熟,是导致黄精种子深休眠的主要原因;其次黄精种子的胚乳细胞小、细胞质浓厚、排列致密,胞间隙小,影响物质的共质体运输;果实及种子中含有不同程度的发芽抑制物质;种子成熟时ABA含量升高是导致种子休眠的又一原因。     

Community genetics: resource addition has opposing effects on genetic and species diversity in a 150-year experiment

We used the Park Grass Experiment, begun in 1856, to test alternative hypotheses about the relationship between genetic diversity and plant species diversity. The niche variation hypothesis predicts that populations with few interspecific competitors and hence broader niches are expected to contain greater genetic diversity. The coexistence hypothesis predicts that genetic diversity within species favours coexistence among species and therefore species and genetic diversity should be positively correlated. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to measure the genetic diversity of populations of Anthoxanthum odoratum growing in 10 plots of differing species richness that lie along resource and soil pH gradients. Genetic diversity in A. odoratum was positively correlated with the number of resources added to a plot, but not correlated with species richness. However, separate analyses have shown a negative correlation between resource addition and species richness at Park Grass and elsewhere, so genetic and species diversity appear to respond in opposite directions.     

Effects of fermentation treatments on Polygonatum odoratum flavones’ antioxidant activities

The main aim of this study is to analyze antioxidant properties of Polygonatum odoratum fermented with bacteria, fungi and yeast. Antioxidant activities (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and anti-lipid peroxidation abilities) were assessed in samples of flavones isolated from fermented P. odoratum (Mill.) druce samples. Fermentations using Lactobacillus, yeast and Aspergillus were investigated. Results showed that the antioxidant ability of Polygonatum odoratum flavones was decreased by the fermentation of Lactobacillus and yeast. Aspergillus niger fermentation improved the antioxidant ability of P. odoratum flavones. In this study, effective antioxidant activity was achieved in flavones fermented with Aspergillus niger than yeast and Lactobacillus species.     

Analysis of the genetic structure and morphology of Polygonatum cyrtonema in Anhui Province,eastern China revealed three distinct genetic groups

Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, a rhizome-propagating herb endemic to China, is used in many traditional Chinese medicines and foods. The hilly mountains in western and southern Anhui province is one of its main natural distribution and artificial cultivation areas. We assessed the genetic diversity and structure of P. cyrtonema germplasm resources in Anhui by nine pairs of SSR primers and selected morphological characters. The results showed that the 13 sampled populations of P. cyrtonema possessed normal levels of genetic diversity but could be clustered into three distinct genetic groups. The levels of within-group genetic diversity was similar among the three groups, but their distribution areas and morphological characters were remarkably different. Group I was confined to the Tianmu (including Jiuhua) Mountains, group II was distributed in the Huangshan Mountains, and group III was restricted to the Dabie Mountains. Furthermore, the leaf length:width ratio significantly differed among groups, and the peduncle length of group I was significantly shorter than that of the other two groups. Levels of genetic differentiation among the three groups was close to that between different species within the genus. Thus, the three genetic groups of P. cyrtonema should be considered as independent units for conservation and breeding management in the Anhui region.