基于生态系统服务和生态系统健康的生态风险评价——以长株潭城市群为例

基于生态系统服务和生态系统健康的生态风险评估框架为城市群生态风险管理和国土生态修复提供新的视角。以生态风险评估框架为基础,综合运用生态系统服务、生态系统健康评估模型以及相关分析法对长株潭城市群展开生态风险评价,并对风险程度进行分类。结果表明:(1)城市群的城市化水平提升,区域生态风险也随之增加。生态系统服务价值、生态系统组织、生态系统活力、生态系统弹性等生态指数呈现下降趋势。(2)人工表面比率和生态指数之间的Pearson相关系数表明,人工表面比率与生态指数之间存在负相关关系,人工表面比率是生态风险提升的关键因素。(3)城市群人工表面比率要控制在36%以下,以进行生态风险管理和国土生态修复。总的来说,评价框架可以作为区域生态风险的评价终点。     

圈养黑猩猩血液生理生化指标测定

正动物园作为综合保护、科普宣传与公众教育的重要场所,在濒危物种的迁地保护工作中发挥着十分重要的作用(Kleiman et al.,2010)。然而,不同的濒危物种在生理学及生活史方面存在很大差异;加之部分物种的生物学信息匮乏,使得动物园的饲养繁育和疾病防控工作面临重大挑战。在常规体检及疾病诊断时,血液参数值有助于对动物机体的临床检查与诊断,解读动物的生理、营养和病理状态(胡翊群,2004;Etim et al.,2014),是及时发现动物     

Acid lactic lactobacilli as a biotechnological toll to improve food quality and human health

The genus Lactobacillus has been widely used in food industry as starter or adjunct culture due to its probiotic features. Its biotechnological features improve the spectrum of uses of lactobacilli, which can affect its applicability directly. In this sense, this literature review gathers information and discusses the biotechnological potential of technological/probiotic lactobacilli aiming to improve food quality and human health. The primary and secondary metabolism generates specific substances, such as organic acids, carbon dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, diacetyl, fatty acids, and bacteriocins, which are determinant due to their probiotic potential, antimicrobial activity, and the development of new food flavors. In order to become industrially and commercially attractive, it is necessary develop a large-scale process with lower production costs.     

Focus: Preventive Medicine: Pre-Participation Screening of Athletes: Primary Health Care Physicians’ Knowledge,Experience, and Approach in Turkey

Pre-participation screening (PPS) is crucial for assessing the competitive athletes since their risk of sudden death is higher than non-athletes. In Turkey, PPS is performed at the primary health care setting by primary care physicians (PCPs) who are family medicine specialists (FMSs) or general practitioners (GPs). Although there are national guidelines, there is no legal regulation for this process. This study aims to evaluate PCPs’ knowledge, experience, and approach about PPS. We prepared an online survey for PCPs and used non-probabilistic sampling. PPS attitudes and practices were analyzed and compared according to factors such as experience, education, and being GP or FMS. Of the 214 PCPs included in the study, 39.3% were female. The mean age was 44.9 years (SD:8.88). The average work experience was 7.9 years. Most participants were aware of their authorization to perform PPS (89.7%) and had previously prepared it (90.2%). However, 6.5% of them felt confident in performing PPS. Only 13.1% were aware of the guidelines. Almost 25% of the participants stated being informed about the subject at some part of their career, but this did not affect the confidence or referral decisions. In addition to medical history and physical examination, further testing was considered necessary by 96.3% of the participants. Significantly more tests were ordered by GPs than FMSs (p=0.026 and p=0.011, respectively). The accurate referral decision ratio was 59.3%, without difference between FMSs and GPs (p=0.216). We found that awareness of the guidelines was low among PCPs who lack confidence in PPS. These factors collectively increased the tendency for unnecessary further testing and referral. Therefore, the PPS implementation into medical school and residency curriculums and national legal regulation for the process is a necessity in Turkey.     

Focus: Preventive Medicine: Leveraging Organizational Health Literacy to Enhance Health Promotion and Risk Prevention: A Narrative and Interpretive Literature Review

Organizational health literacy involves the health care organizations’ ability to establish an empowering and co-creating relationship with patients, engaging them in the design and delivery of health services in collaboration with health professionals. Although scholars agree that organizational health literacy contributes to health promotion and risk prevention via patient empowerment, literature is not consistent in depicting the interplay between organizational health literacy and preventive medicine. The article intends to shed light into this issue, summarizing current knowledge about this topic and advancing avenues for further development. A narrative literature review was performed through a systematic search on PubMed^®, Scopus^®, and Web of Science^™. The review focused on 50 relevant contributions. Organizational health literacy triggers the transition towards a patient-centered approach to care. It complements individual health literacy, enabling patients to actively participate in health promotion and risk prevention as co-producers of health services and co-creators of value. However, many obstacles – including lack of time and limited resources available – prevent the transition towards health literate health care organizations. Two initiatives are required to overcome extant barriers. On the one hand, a health literate workforce should be prepared to increase the institutional ability of health care organizations to empower and engage patients in health co-creation. On the other hand, increased efforts should be made to assess organizational health literacy and to make its contribution to preventive medicine explicit.     

气囊在细菌中的生理功能、生物合成及应用研究进展

气囊是在水生细菌中广泛存在的一种具有刚性中空蛋白结构的特殊细胞器,不仅为水生细菌提供浮力,还对其在不利环境或应激条件下的生存至关重要。近期研究发现在其他非水生细菌如沙雷氏菌和链霉菌中也存在气囊结构,而且表现出不同的生理功能。来源于不同种属细菌的气囊生物合成基因簇具有各自鲜明的特征,其生物合成和调控机制也有所不同。本综述将介绍和总结不同细菌中气囊的基本生理功能和生物合成及调控机制,以及气囊的生物技术应用,并对气囊在链霉菌中的生物合成研究以及人工重组气囊的潜在应用进行展望。     

入侵种小管福寿螺对本土物种 梨形环棱螺的生态挤压作用

在世界范围内,物种入侵正成为一个影响经济发展、公众健康的重大生态事件。为了探究入侵物种小管福寿螺(Pomacea canaliculata)对本土近生态位物种的生态挤压作用,选择了梨形环棱螺(Bellamya purificata)作为受试动物,设置直接生态竞争实验和间接分泌物胁迫实验两类实验。直接生态竞争实验中两种螺直接竞争生存资源,而间接分泌物胁迫实验中则观测两种受试螺分泌物对彼此与自身种群的影响。为了模拟野外不同水体的竞争情况,设置了两种密度,即每组共计6只受试螺(低密度组)及每组共计12只受试螺(高密度组),在两种密度下设两种螺不同比例的个体组合。结果显示,两类实验中,小管福寿螺的体重相对变化与生存率都优于梨形环棱螺。直接竞争实验小管福寿螺体重相对变化率显著优于梨形环棱螺(P 0.05),但二者生存率无显著差异;低密度组中,福寿螺与梨形环棱螺的体重相对变化及生存率均无显著差异,而高密度组中,当梨形环棱螺个体数极多时(8只),其体重相对变化率会显著差于小管福寿螺(P0.05);当梨形环棱螺个体数少时(4只),其体重相对变化率与小管福寿螺无明显差异,但生存率会显著低于小管福寿螺(P 0.05)。间接分泌物干扰实验中,小管福寿螺的体重相对变化率极显著优于梨形环棱螺(P 0.01),且其生存率高于梨形环棱螺;在低密度组中,高比例(4只)的小管福寿螺生存率显著高于高比例(4只)的梨形环棱螺(P 0.05);而在高密度组中,高比例(8只)的梨形环棱螺在28d内全部死亡,由于对照组中即使是高密度的梨形环棱螺也拥有高生存率,说明这种效应不是梨形环棱螺本身所导致的,而是小管福寿螺的间接分泌物胁迫导致了梨形环棱螺的大量死亡。以上结果充分表明,小管福寿螺的间接分泌物干扰效应比直接生态挤压作用具有更严重的生态威胁性,且小管福寿螺的种内竞争调节能力优于梨形环棱螺,这可能是小管福寿螺作为入侵物种的一种有效生活史策略。