粳稻龙锦1号/香软米1578杂交组合F_5家系群糙米总花色苷含量变异及相关性分析

随着环境污染加剧和人们对自身健康关注度的提高,功能性食品在全球范围内蓬勃发展。彩色稻米作为稻米家族中的一员,由于富含微量元素、花色苷、生物碱等功能性成分,已成为当前功能性食品研究开发的热点之一。本研究利用粳稻品种龙锦1号/香软米1578杂交组合214个F_5家系,对水稻糙米总花色苷含量、粒色等级和千粒重的变异及其相关性进行了分析。糙米粒色等级变异范围为1~9,平均值为4.98,变异系数为57.87%;糙米总花色苷含量变异范围为0~5459.34 mg/kg,平均值为834.47 mg/kg,变异系数为191.96%;糙米千粒重变异范围为11.96~26.24 g,平均值为17.75 g,变异系数为12.89%。糙米总花色苷含量、粒色等级和千粒重在F5家系中不符合正态分布,表现为右偏态,其中糙米总花色苷含量的偏斜程度最大。糙米总花色苷含量和千粒重的峰度系数为正值,表明为尖顶峰;而糙米粒色等级的峰度系数为负值,表明为平顶峰。糙米总花色苷含量与粒色等级呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.69;糙米总花色苷含量、粒色等级均与千粒重呈极显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.20和-0.34。与高亲龙锦1号相比,27个家系的糙米总花色苷含量极显著提高,占214个F_5家系的12.62%,为高花色苷水稻种质创新奠定了基础。     

不同海拔高原低压缺氧环境下大鼠肠道病理损伤特点

目的:探讨不同海拔高度的高原低压缺氧环境下大鼠肠道病理损伤的特点。方法:将30只SD雄性大鼠随机分5组:平原对照组、5000米海拔高度10天组、5000米海拔高度21天组、6500米海拔高度10天组、6500米海拔高度21天组,每组6只。大鼠在平原环境或模拟高原环境中常规饲养,在相应时间点,深度麻醉受试大鼠致死,取材,固定、HE染色后镜检并进行病理学损伤评分。结果:各高原组空、回肠病理损伤评分均显著高于平原对照组(P0.01),5000 m暴露21d组空肠、回肠、结肠病理损伤评分显著高于5000 m暴露10 d组,明显低于6500 m暴露21d组,6500 m暴露10d组空肠、回肠、结肠病理损伤评分显著高于5000 m暴露10 d组(P0.01或P0.05)。5000 m暴露10 d组结肠损伤病理评分与平原对照组比较差异无统计学意义外,其余高原组结肠病理损伤评分均显著高于平原对照组(P0.01或P0.05)。5000 m暴露21 d组空肠与结肠病理损伤评分存在显著性差异(P0.05);6500 m暴露21 d组空肠和回结肠均与结肠病理损伤评分存在显著性差异(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:肠道粘膜随着海拔高度和缺氧时间的延长而损伤加重。在相同的情况下,小肠的损伤较结肠严重,但空肠和回肠的损伤无明显差异,结肠损伤的发生较晚且与高原环境停留时间具有明显关系,提示在进入高原早期应将小肠病理损伤的防治作为重点。     

卵巢囊性颗粒细胞瘤的临床病理学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断

目的:探讨卵巢囊性颗粒细胞瘤的临床病理学特征、诊断和鉴别诊断要点。方法:复习1例卵巢囊性颗粒细胞瘤患者的临床资料、肿物的大体以及镜下病理组织学特征、免疫组化染色特征。结果:患者左侧单房囊性颗粒细胞瘤,大小为14.6 cm×18.9 cm×9.8 cm,囊壁厚薄不均一;镜下可见内壁由颗粒细胞组成,细胞层数不一,可见典型的Call-Exner小体;免疫组化染色可见α-inhibin,Vimentin,CD99均阳性。结论:卵巢囊性颗粒细胞瘤可依据镜下发现不典型增生的颗粒细胞、典型的Call-Exner小体和核沟等特征性的组织形态学作出诊断。     

Fruit structure of Amborella trichopoda (Amborellaceae)

The indehiscent fruitlets of the apparently basalmost extant angiosperm, Amborella trichopoda, have a pericarp that is differentiated into five zones, a thin one‐cell‐layered skin (exocarp), a thick fleshy zone of 25–35 cell layers (outer mesocarp), a thick, large‐celled sclerenchymatous zone (unlignified) of 6–18 cell layers (middle mesocarp), a single cell layer with thin‐walled (silicified?) cells (inner mesocarp), and a 2–4‐cell‐layered, small‐celled sclerenchymatous zone (unlignified) derived from the inner epidermis (endocarp). The border between inner and outer mesocarp is not even but the inner mesocarp forms a network of ridges and pits; the ridges support the vascular bundles, which are situated in the outer mesocarp. In accordance with previous observations by Bailey & Swamy, no ethereal oil cells were observed in the pericarp; however, lysigenous cavities as mentioned by these authors are also lacking; they seem to be an artefact caused by re‐expanding dried fruits. The seed coat is not sclerified. The fruitlets of Amborella differ from externally similar fruits or fruitlets in other basal angiosperms, such as Austrobaileyales or Laurales, in their histology. © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 148 , 265–274.     

Cytology and outcome of LSIL: cannot exclude HSIL compared to ASC-H

Objective:  The cytological features associated with clinical outcome of 'LSIL cannot exclude HSIL (LSIL-H)' in comparison with 'atypical squamous cells cannot exclude HSIL (ASC-H)' are incompletely described.
Methods:  LSIL-H and ASC-H Pap tests reported in a regional laboratory during a 13-month period were reviewed by two pathologists. Cytological features suspicious for HSIL were evaluated against a check list of 52 atypical features. All histology over 2 years of follow up for tests reclassified as LSIL-H and ASC-H was retrieved to determine clinical outcome. Atypical cytological features were correlated with outcome.
Results:  The review yielded 89 LSIL-H and 86 ASC-H. The highest ranked atypical cytological feature in each group was increased nuclear cytoplasmic ratio. Clinical outcome was positive (CIN II/III or AIS) in 44 (49%) LSIL-H and 33 (38%) ASC-H. Round ( P  = 0.02) and naked nuclei ( P  = 0.009) were significant correlates of outcome amongst LSIL-H tests, but no feature correlated with outcome in the ASC-H group.
Conclusions:  LSIL-H is different to ASC-H because of the 11% higher frequency of a positive outcome and the cytological features associated with outcome.     

黄土高原子午岭天然柴松林种群结构与动态研究

对黄土高原地区子午岭天然柴松(Pinus tabulaeformisf.shekannesis)林种群的结构和动态进行了研究。结果显示:柴松种群结构呈反J分布型,种群处于增长阶段;种群的密度随径级的增加而降低,种群密度与径级呈现出明显的负相关;4个函数(生存率函数、积累死亡率函数、死亡密度函数、危险率函数)估计值说明种群具有前期增长、后期稳定的特点,其存活曲线介于DeeveyⅡ型和DeeveyⅢ型之间;随时间推移,种群中树和大树数量逐渐增多,种群在20 a后开始大量进入成熟阶段。表明柴松在本研究区内生长更新良好,在无人为干扰条件下,柴松可通过自我调节能力而保持种群的稳定性。     

森林种群径阶转移模型中转移概率的估算方法

基于统计分析理论和微分方程理论,给出了森林种群径阶转移模型中估算转移概率的方法：第一种是在有两次样地观测数据,不考虑林分环境因子等因素的条件下估算转移概率;第二种是在已知林分环境因子条件下,不需要对样地有两次观测数据来估算转移概率．实例验证结果表明,两种估算转移概率的方法具有计算简单和实用性强的特点,对森林经营与管理有一定的理论指导和实际应用价值．     

Ecological and phylogenetic variability in the spinalis muscle of snakes

Understanding the origin and maintenance of functionally important subordinate traits is a major goal of evolutionary physiologists and ecomorphologists. Within the confines of a limbless body plan, snakes are diverse in terms of body size and ecology, but we know little about the functional traits that underlie this diversity. We used a phylogenetically diverse group of 131 snake species to examine associations between habitat use, sidewinding locomotion and constriction behaviour with the number of body vertebrae spanned by a single segment of the spinalis muscle, with total numbers of body vertebrae used as a covariate in statistical analyses. We compared models with combinations of these predictors to determine which best fit the data among all species and for the advanced snakes only (N = 114). We used both ordinary least‐squares models and phylogenetic models in which the residuals were modelled as evolving by the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. Snakes with greater numbers of vertebrae tended to have spinalis muscles that spanned more vertebrae. Habitat effects dominated models for analyses of all species and advanced snakes only, with the spinalis length spanning more vertebrae in arboreal species and fewer vertebrae in aquatic and burrowing species. Sidewinding specialists had shorter muscle lengths than nonspecialists. The relationship between prey constriction and spinalis length was less clear. Differences among clades were also strong when considering all species, but not for advanced snakes alone. Overall, these results suggest that muscle morphology may have played a key role in the adaptive radiation of snakes.     

腐烂等级和径级对天宝岩长苞铁杉林木质残体理化性质的影响

木质残体是森林生态系统的重要组成部分,其理化性质影响木质残体的分解.本研究以集中分布于天宝岩国家级自然保护区的长苞铁杉(Tsuga longibracteata)林木质残体为对象,将4个不同类型林分的木质残体划分为5个腐烂等级和4个径级,研究林分类型、腐烂等级、径级及其交互作用对木质残体理化性质的影响.结果 表明:从物...