Short‐term calorie restriction reverses vascular endothelial dysfunction in old mice by increasing nitric oxide and reducing oxidative stress

To determine if short‐term calorie restriction reverses vascular endothelial dysfunction in old mice, old (O, n = 30) and young (Y, n = 10) male B6D2F1 mice were fed ad libitum (AL) or calorie restricted (CR, approximately 30%) for 8 weeks. Ex vivo carotid artery endothelium‐dependent dilation (EDD) was impaired in old ad libitum (OAL) vs. young ad libitum (YAL) (74 ± 5 vs. 95 ± 2% of maximum dilation, P < 0.05), whereas old calorie‐restricted (OCR) and YCR did not differ (96 ± 1 vs. 94 ± 3%). Impaired EDD in OAL was mediated by reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability associated with decreased endothelial NO synthase expression (aorta) (P < 0.05), both of which were restored in OCR. Nitrotyrosine, a cellular marker of oxidant modification, was markedly elevated in OAL (P < 0.05), whereas OCR was similar to Y. Aortic superoxide production was 150% greater in OAL vs. YAL (P < 0.05), but normalized in OCR, and TEMPOL, a superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic that restored EDD in OAL (to 97 ± 2%), had no effect in Y or OCR. OAL had increased expression and activity of the oxidant enzyme, NADPH oxidase, and its inhibition (apocynin) improved EDD, whereas NADPH oxidase in OCR was similar to Y. Manganese SOD activity and sirtuin1 expression were reduced in OAL (P < 0.05), but restored to Y in OCR. Inflammatory cytokines were greater in OAL vs. YAL (P < 0.05), but unaffected by CR. Carotid artery endothelium‐independent dilation did not differ among groups. Short‐term CR initiated in old age reverses age‐associated vascular endothelial dysfunction by restoring NO bioavailability, reducing oxidative stress (via reduced NADPH oxidase–mediated superoxide production and stimulation of anti‐oxidant enzyme activity), and upregulation of sirtuin‐1.     

New Concept in Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA)

The world-wide impact of traumatic injury and associated hemorrhage on human health and well-being is significant. Methods to manage bleeding from sites within the torso, referred to as non-compressible torso hemorrhage (NCTH), remain largely limited to the use of conventional operative techniques. The overall mortality rate of patients with NCTH is approximately 50%. Studies from the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq have suggested that up to 80% of potentially survivable patients die as a result of uncontrolled exsanguinating hemorrhage. The commercially available resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a percutaneous device for the rapid control of torso hemorrhage in trauma. A compliant balloon is inserted via the femoral artery and inflated in the thoracic or abdominal aorta, providing inflow control of the abdomen, pelvis, or groin/lower extremities. Recent studies indicate that REBOA carries an inherent risk of aortic injury due to over-inflation and possible risk of aortic or iliac artery rupture. A new approach isto resolve the issue of balloon sizing and over-inflation. We propose a novel concept to be used in trauma facility for arterial occlusion to eliminate arterial injury and the risk of vascular rupture through real time balloon diameter profile measurements to ensure proper inflation. The proposed concept, called Smart Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion (SREBO) will be novel in the following aspects: 1) It will have electrical conductance-based navigation technology to target the desired site of balloon deployment in the aorta, 2) The balloon can determine the time of proper inflation using electrical conductance catheter technology. This technology would eliminate the risk of arterial rupture and simplify the procedure in the trauma facility or medical clinics without significant training. The results can be displayed on a handheld device. This novel device has the potential to save civilians in trauma or soldiers injured on the battlefield.     

球囊引产+破膜+缩宫素引产在足月妊娠生产中作用观察

目的:探究球囊引产联合人工破膜及缩宫素在足月妊娠中的引产效果。方法:选择2019年1月至2019年12月于我院接受治疗的82例足月产妇,按照随机数字表法将其均分为研究组与对照组(每组各41例),对照组产妇实施人工破膜,2 h后如未见有效宫缩则静脉滴注缩宫素,研究组首先于宫颈处放置COOK球囊,取出球囊后进行人工破膜,30 min后静脉滴注缩宫素,对比两组产妇静滴缩宫素至分娩时间、第1产程、第2产程、总产程时间,对比两组产妇不同时间段分娩率,对比两组产妇自然分娩率、胎儿Apgar评分、产后24 h出血量及副作用情况。结果:(1)研究组产妇缩宫素静滴至分娩时间、第1产程、第2产程、总产程均明显短于对照组(P0.05);(2)12 h内研究组分娩率明显高于对照组(P0.05);(3)研究组产妇自然分娩率高于对照组(P0.05),胎儿Apgar评分差异不明显(P0.05),产后24 h出血量研究组低于对照组产妇(P0.05);(4)两组产妇羊水浑浊、宫缩过强等副作用发生率对比差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:应用球囊引产联合人工破膜及静滴缩宫素的方式,能够显著缩短产妇产程,提高自然分娩率,同时还能够降低分娩后产妇阴道出血量,且安全性较高。     

宫内节育器与宫腔支撑球囊联合应用治疗中重度宫腔粘连中的临床效果

摘要 目的：探讨宫内节育器与宫腔支撑球囊联合应用治疗中重度宫腔粘连的临床效果。方法：选择2016年12月至2019年8月于西安交通大学第一附属医院宫腔镜诊疗中心接受宫腔镜下中重度宫腔粘连分解术的患者共96例,采用随机对照表法将其分为两组。对照组48例,术后宫腔内放置宫内节育器(intrauterine contraceptive device,IUD);研究组48例,术后放置宫腔支撑球囊(intrauterine support balloon,ISB),3~5 d后更换为宫内节育器。两组术后均给予为期3月的人工周期治疗。术后1月,复查宫腔镜了解宫腔有无再粘连并取出宫内节育器,以此评估手术效果是否有效,术后3月时随访其月经来潮情况。统计比较两组术后5 d内阴道出血量、C反应蛋白水平、发热、下腹痛以及节育器或支持球囊有无脱落等情况,术后1月手术效果及术后3月月经恢复情况。结果：研究组的手术有效率及月经改善比例均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),术后5 d内阴道出血量显著少于对照组(P<0.05);下腹痛及球囊脱落事件发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组在C反应蛋白水平、发热发生率对比无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论：与单独使用宫内节育器相比,联合使用宫腔支撑球囊能提高中重度宫腔粘连分解手术有效率,改善月经,减少术后出血,不增加感染风险,但球囊易于脱落且会增加患者下腹疼痛。     

Diurnal Variation in Vascular Function: Role of Sleep

Although vascular function is lower in the morning than afternoon, previous studies have not assessed the influence of prior sleep on this diurnal variation. The authors employed a semiconstant routine protocol to study the contribution of prior nocturnal sleep to the previously observed impairment in vascular function in the morning. Brachial artery vascular function was assessed using the flow-mediated dilation technique (FMD) in 9 healthy, physically active males (mean?±?SD: 27?±?9 yrs of age), at 08:00 and 16:00?h following, respectively, 3.29?±?.37 and 3.24?±?.57?h prior sleep estimated using actimetry. Heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were also measured. The data of the experimental sleep condition were compared with the data of the “normal” diurnal sleep condition, in which FMD measurements were obtained from 21 healthy individuals who slept only during the night, as usual, before the morning test session. The morning-afternoon difference in FMD was 1?±?4% in the experimental sleep condition compared with 3?±?4% in the normal sleep condition (p?=?.04). This difference was explained by FMD being 3?±?3% lower in afternoon following the prior experimental sleep (p?=?.01). These data suggest that FMD is more dependent on the influence of supine sleep than the endogenous circadian timekeeper, in agreement with our previous finding that diurnal variation in FMD is influenced by exercise. These findings also raise the possibility of a lower homeostatic “set point” for vascular function following a period of sleep and in the absence of perturbing hemodynamic fluctuation. (Author correspondence: h.jones1@ljmu.ac.uk)     

主动脉内球囊反搏在急性心肌梗死急诊PCI术后无血流现象中的应用

目的:探讨主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)在急性心肌梗死(AMI)急诊冠脉介入术(PCI)后无复流现象(NR)中的治疗作用。方法:分析自2006年1月至2009年12月因急性心肌梗死(AMI)行PCI术后无血流患者22例资料,采用随机分组方法将其中12例运用IABP治疗,其余10例为对照组,观察术后10天内心肌损伤标志物、脑钠肽(BNP)恢复情况,心肌损伤标志物包括肌红蛋白(MYO),肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB),肌钙蛋白(ICTNI);治疗10天后应用彩色超声心动图测量患者左房内径、左室内径、左室射血分数(LVEF);并随访3个月、6个月左房内径、左室内径、左室射血分数(LVEF)变化情况。结果:IABP治疗组患者心肌损伤标志物指标时间-浓度曲线显示指标下降明显快于对照组,与对照组相比差别有统计学意义(P<0.05);IABP组BNP峰值较对照组提前,IABP治疗组BNP指标时间-浓度曲线显示指标下降明显快于对照组,与对照组相比差别无统计学意义(P>0.05);超声心动图测量两组患者10天、3个月及6个月时左房内径、左室内径差别及LVEF差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:IABP能够加速降低AMI急诊PCI术后发生无复流现象患者升高心肌损伤标志物的水平;使BNP峰值提前并改善10天、3个月及6个月时左房内径、左室内径及EF值对心功能具有一定的改善作用。     

活性污泥丝状膨胀的模拟试验与控制对策研究

以新鲜的生活污水作为水样,采用同步培菌法,在培养活性污泥的基础上,模拟一定的条件促进丝状菌生长直至形成丝状膨胀,并探索消除丝状膨胀的控制措施,同时通过对丝状菌进行分析鉴定及生活特性显微观察,确定产生丝状膨胀的丝状菌的种类。因为实验能够较好地接近污水厂的实际情况,其结论对污水厂曝气池的正常运行具有实际指导作用。     

形态学图像处理方法在湿地破碎化格局中的应用

以三江平原沼泽湿地为研究单元,应用形态学图像处理技术在基于像元水平的二元沼泽湿地图上对沼泽湿地类型进行分类,并应用形态学模型和类型统计模型系统分析了三江平原1980-2000年间沼泽湿地景观破碎化的时空变化格局.结果表明,20年间,三江平原沼泽湿地面积由快速下降趋于缓慢下降.核心湿地面积急剧减小,由大面积分布逐步向三江平原东北部的别拉洪河和挠力河流域集中.孔隙湿地面积减小比例最大,目前处于消亡状态,由原来的沼泽湿地内部异质景观向同质景观过渡.核心和孔隙湿地大部分转化为斑块湿地,主要位于三江平原西北部、中部和南部,有逐步取代东北部核心湿地的趋势.边缘湿地面积比例年增长最快,且边缘像元宽度越来越宽,三江平原西部、南部和东部地区的核心湿地几乎全部由边缘湿地取代,易产生一定的边缘效应,导致种群间的竞争更加激烈.     

The GDNF/RET signaling pathway and human diseases

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and related molecules, neurturin, artemin and persephin, signal through a unique multicomponent receptor system consisting of RET tyrosine kinase and glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored coreceptor (GFR1–4). These neurotrophic factors promote the survival of various neurons including peripheral autonomic and sensory neurons as well as central motor and dopamine neurons, and have been expected as therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, it turned out that the GDNF/RET signaling plays a crucial role in renal development and regulation of spermatogonia differentiation. RET mutations cause several human diseases such as papillary thyroid carcinoma, multiple endocrine neoplasia types 2A and 2B, and Hirschsprung's disease. The mutations resulted in RET activation or inactivation by various mechanisms and the biological properties of mutant proteins appeared to be correlated with disease phenotypes. The signaling pathways activated by GDNF or mutant RET are being extensively investigated to understand the molecular mechanisms of disease development and the physiological roles of the GDNF family ligands.     

高空气球飞行对凤尾鸡冠花抗氧化功能的影响

目的 :探讨高空气球飞行实验对鸡冠花抗氧化功能的影响。方法 :利用高空气球搭载了凤尾鸡冠花 (CelosiacristataL .cv.Plumosa)种子 ,进行空间诱变处理。飞行高度 4 0 .112km ,飞行时间近 4h ,回收后播种栽培 ,采收子一代 (SP1)花序 ,叶片。采用比色法研究搭载组和对照组花序、叶片水提取液对羟自由基 (·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基 (O·2 )的清除作用。同时 ,分别测定分析了各组样品VC、黄酮醇的含量和SOD活力 ,据此探索在高空环境影响后样品抗氧化活性变化与自由基清除剂含量之间的关系。结果 :各组水提取液均能降低·OH引发的还原型细胞色素C[Cyt·C(Ⅱ ) ]氧化作用和O·2 对羟胺的氧化作用 ,而两种搭载组样品水提取液清除活性氧的能力均比对照组显著提高。结论 :高空环境诱变处理对鸡冠花中抗氧化活性物质的合成和抗氧化功能产生了显著效应