高速逆流色谱法制备灵芝萜烯酮醇

本研究建立一种从灵芝子实体提取物中快速制备灵芝萜烯酮醇的方法。以沪农灵芝1号子实体为原料,经乙醇提取、D101大孔树脂富集后,再经一次正相色谱柱层析,获得富含灵芝萜烯酮醇的流分。采用高速逆流色谱法对该流分进行分离,优化分离条件,获得的最佳条件为：溶剂体系为正己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水（V/V/V/V,12:24:18:9）,流速2.0mL/min,转速900r/min,上样量500mg,一次上样可得到纯度为90.9%的灵芝萜烯酮醇52.1mg,得率达到10.4%。该方法具有操作简单、污染小、成本低、得率和纯度高的特点,是规模化制备灵芝萜烯酮醇的一种新方法。     

肠内营养联合微生态制剂对重症胰腺炎患者的疗效

目的观察肠内营养联合微生态制剂对重症胰腺炎患者细菌移位、免疫功能、炎症反应的影响。方法选择我院2017年1月至2019年7月收治的200例重症胰腺炎患者为研究对象,根据治疗方法不同分为A组、B组、C组。A组患者采用肠外营养治疗,B组患者采用肠内营养治疗,C组患者采用肠内营养联合微生态制剂治疗。比较3组患者的治疗效果,治疗后细菌移位情况、细胞免疫功能及炎症因子水平。结果 C组患者总有效率高于A组和B组(χ~2=5.423、9.629,P=0.020、0.002),A组和B组总有效率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.790,P=0.374)。治疗后,C组患者血清内毒素、D-乳酸水平低于A组和B组,同时B组低于A组(均P0.05)。治疗后,C组患者CD3~+细胞、CD4~+细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+水平高于A组和B组,同时B组高于A组(均P0.05)。C组患者CD8~+细胞水平低于A组和B组,同时B组低于A组(均P0.05)。治疗后,C组患者血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平低于A组和B组,同时B组低于A组(均P0.05)。结论肠内营养联合微生态制剂可改善重症胰腺炎患者细菌移位情况和免疫功能,减轻患者炎症因子水平。     

A microaliquoting technique for precise histological annotation and optimization of cell content in frozen tissue specimens

Knowledge of the exact cell content of frozen tissue samples is of growing importance in genomic research. We developed a microaliquoting technique to measure and optimize the cell composition of frozen tumor specimens for molecular studies. Frozen samples of 31 mesothelioma cases were cut in alternating thin and thick sections. Thin sections were stained and evaluated visually. Thick sections, i.e., microaliquots, were annotated using bordering stained sections. A range of cellular heterogeneity was observed among and within samples. Precise annotation of samples was obtained by integration and compared to conventional single face and “front and back” section estimates of cell content. Front and back estimates were more highly correlated with block annotation by microaliquoting than were single face estimates. Both methods yielded discrepant estimates, however, and for some studies may not adequately account for the heterogeneity of mesothelioma or other malignancies with variable cellular composition. High yield and quality RNA was extracted from precision annotated, tumor-enriched subsamples prepared by combining individual microaliquots with the highest tumor cellularity estimates. Microaliquoting provides accurate cell content annotation and permits genomic analysis of enriched subpopulations of cells without fixation or amplification.     

Is the edTPA the Right Choice for Evaluating Teacher Readiness?

The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze the edTPA, a performance assessment created by the Stanford Center for Assessment, Learning, and Equity (SCALE) and administered by Pearson, Inc., to assess the professional readiness of student teachers. We challenge claims made in support of using this assessment, specifically within the context of arts teacher preparation programs, and we address areas of immediate critical concern to make alternative recommendations.     

Preparation of optically active 4-chlorophenylalanine from its racemate by deracemization technique using transformant Escherichia coli cells

We have developed a method for the preparation of l-4-chlorophenylalanine from its racemate with Escherichia coli cells expressing a single foreign gene. l-4-Chlorophenylalanine was obtained in a high optical yield by the inversion of configuration of its d-form via the tandem reactions catalyzed by d-amino acid dehydrogenase (DadA) and branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase (BCAAT). While we constructed a plasmid for BCAAT utilizing the gene from Sinorhizobium meliloti ATCC 51124, the first enzyme DadA was the dadA-gene product from E. coli host cell itself, which was activated by the addition of l-alanine in the growth medium.     

牙体预备对高嵌体修复下颌第一磨牙力学影响的初步研究

目的：通过有限元法,探讨高嵌体修复根管治疗后的下颌第一磨牙后,牙体预备形式对牙体组织受力的影响,为临床提供力学理论依据。方法：模拟右侧下颌第一磨牙的三维有限元模型,磨牙存在合面I类洞缺损,根管治疗后采用高嵌体修复,分别设计三种牙体预备形式,即覆盖全部牙尖、覆盖全部功能尖和覆盖部分功能尖的高嵌体修复,对模型进行加载,观察牙体组织的应力大小及分布。结果：覆盖全部牙尖高嵌体修复时牙釉质出现一个应力集中区,其他两种设计出现两个应力集中区。垂直载荷下,釉质的最大主应力在全部牙尖组分别低于其他两组92．29％和89．76％;舌颊向载荷下比其他两组分别降低80．91％和76．53％。三组牙本质的应力集中区趋于一致。垂直载荷下,牙本质的最大主应力在全部牙尖组分别高出其他两组12．92％和14．73％;舌颊向载荷下较其他两组高1．26％和5．08％。结论：从生物力学角度,覆盖全部牙尖的高嵌体更有利于牙体硬组织的受力,可以更好的对牙釉质起到保护作用。     

七鳃鳗Lja-SHP2分子鉴定、重组表达及免疫学研究

高等脊椎动物的蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶SHP2(SH2 domain-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase-2)由ptpn11基因编码,催化酪氨酸残基去磷酸化,与其他能催化酪氨酸磷酸化的蛋白酪氨酸激酶共同调节机体内多种信号通路的信号传导。以往研究表明,SHP2在高等脊椎动物T细胞和B细胞的激活与信号转导过程中起着重要作用。为了研究无颌类脊椎动物日本七鳃鳗(Lampetra japonica)中与SHP2同源的分子——Lja-SHP2在免疫应答反应中的作用,本研究通过PCR扩增获取其Lja-SHP2开放阅读框序列,并构建到原核表达载体pET-32a中,成功在大肠杆菌中实现重组蛋白表达并制备了其兔源多克隆抗体。用混合菌免疫刺激日本七鳃鳗后,通过实时荧光定量PCR和免疫印迹方法检测了Lja-SHP2在日本七鳃鳗免疫相关组织中mRNA和蛋白水平表达谱。结果显示,混合菌免疫刺激后,Lja-SHP2 mRNA和蛋白表达在外周血白细胞和髓样小体中无显著变化,而在鳃组织中显著性上调(P<0.05),说明Lja-SHP2在混合菌刺激后主要参与了鳃组织的免疫应答反应。为了进一步探究Lja-SHP2与淋巴细胞亚群免疫应答反应的相关性,本研究分别使用B细胞有丝分裂原脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)和T细胞的有丝分裂原植物凝集素(phytohemagglutinin,PHA)免疫刺激日本七鳃鳗。经LPS免疫刺激后,与对照组相比,白细胞中Lja-SHP2蛋白表达显著上调,鳃组织和髓样小体没有显著性差异表达;但经PHA免疫刺激后,与对照组相比,白细胞、鳃组织和髓样小体3种组织中Lja-SHP2均有上调,尤其在白细胞中上调最为显著,大约是对照组的2.5倍,说明Lja-SHP2参与了日本七鳃鳗由PHA介导的免疫应答反应。由于PHA能刺激日本七鳃鳗鳃组织中VLRA+淋巴细胞的活化,这表明Lja-SHP2可能参与了PHA介导的VLRA+淋巴细胞亚群的免疫应答反应。上述研究结果为进一步探索Lja-SHP2在七鳃鳗免疫应答过程中的功能奠定了基础,也为揭示SHP2分子家族的系统发生及探索高等脊椎动物适应性免疫系统的早期发生及其进化历程提供一定的线索。     

Mechanism of Bacterial Oligosaccharyltransferase: IN VITRO QUANTIFICATION OF SEQUON BINDING AND CATALYSIS*

N-Linked glycosylation is an essential post-translational protein modification in the eukaryotic cell. The initial transfer of an oligosaccharide from a lipid carrier onto asparagine residues within a consensus sequon is catalyzed by oligosaccharyltransferase (OST). The first X-ray structure of a complete bacterial OST enzyme, Campylobacter lari PglB, was recently determined. To understand the mechanism of PglB, we have quantified sequon binding and glycosylation turnover in vitro using purified enzyme and fluorescently labeled, synthetic peptide substrates. Using fluorescence anisotropy, we determined a dissociation constant of 1.0 μm and a strict requirement for divalent metal ions for consensus (DQNAT) sequon binding. Using in-gel fluorescence detection, we quantified exceedingly low glycosylation rates that remained undetected using in vivo assays. We found that an alanine in the −2 sequon position, converting the bacterial sequon to a eukaryotic one, resulted in strongly lowered sequon binding, with in vitro turnover reduced 50,000-fold. A threonine is preferred over serine in the +2 sequon position, reflected by a 4-fold higher affinity and a 1.2-fold higher glycosylation rate. The interaction of the +2 sequon position with PglB is modulated by isoleucine 572. Our study demonstrates an intricate interplay of peptide and metal binding as the first step of protein N-glycosylation.