格木中新的三萜化合物

对豆科格木属植物格木(Erythrophleum fordii Oliv.)树皮的乙醇提取物进行药理筛选,结果表明,对KB(人口腔上皮癌)、A2780(人卵巢癌)细胞具有较强的选择性抑制作用.从该醇提物的乙酸乙酯萃取部分分得一个新化合物和4个已知化合物,经光谱鉴定为20S 24S-环氧-23S,25-二羟基达玛烷-3-酮(1)、20S,25-环氧-24R-羟基达玛烷-3-酮(2)、20S,24S-环氧-达玛烷-3β,25-二醇(3)、白桦酸(4)和乙酰莫绕酸(5).     

A triterpenoid saponin from Ficaria ranunculoides tubers

One of the minor saponins extracted from the tubers of Ficaria ranunculoides and purified by fermentation may be 3-O-(α-arabinopyranosyl-1′)28-O-[β-glucopyranosyl → 6″(α-rhamnopyranosyl-1? → 4″) β-glucopyranosyl-1″]-hederagenin. On the basis of chemical degradation and spectral analysis, the structure of this new saponin is proposed.     

Antifibrotic activity of triterpenoids from the aerial parts of Euscaphis japonica on hepatic stellate cells

In the course of screening antifibrotic activity of natural products employing HSC-T6, a rat hepatic stellate cell line, as an in vitro assay system, the methanolic extract of aerial parts of Euscaphis japonica (Tunb.) Kantiz (Staphyleaceae) showed significant inhibitory activity on HSC proliferation. Activity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of four triterpenoids, friedeline (1), glut-5-en-ol (2), pomolic acid (3), and methylrotundate (4). Among the triterpenoids isolated, pomolic acid (3) significantly inhibited the proliferation of HSCs at concentrations 10 and 100 μM.     

Acetylated Rhamnose Triterpenoid Saponins from Glechoma longituba Analyzed by LC-Q-TOFMS

The aim of the present work is to isolate a series of triterpene derivatives with rhamnosyl linking acetyl groups from Glechoma longituba according to the structural characteristics of previously described triterpene saponins. The extract ion chromatography spectrum of the crude extract of G. longituba was detected and analyzed by HPLC-HR-ESI-MS to determine possible components, and these metabolites were traced and separated by combining high-resolution mass spectrometry and predicted liquid chromatography retention time. Three 11α, 12α-epoxypentacyclic oleanolic acid triterpene saponins (glechomanosides H–J) and one ursane triterpene aldehyde saponin with a C-28 aldehyde group were isolated from G. longituba. The structure of these compounds was confirmed by NMR and compared with those of previously characterized compounds. The strategy described in this report enables a rapid, reliable, and complete analysis of glycoside compounds containing different numbers of acetyl groups at different positions on the sugar.     

13种野生灵芝菌丝体中胞内三萜与多糖含量的比较

为探究不同野生灵芝的主要活性成分以及对野生灵芝的开发利用价值,对13种野生灵芝菌株在同一条件下进行液体发酵,采用化学分析的方法,比较菌丝体胞内三萜和多糖的含量差异。结果显示,13种灵芝菌株的三萜和多糖含量有很大差异,其中无柄紫灵芝Ganoderma mastoporum、亮盖灵芝G. lucidum和树舌灵芝G. applanatum的三萜含量较高;树舌灵芝G. applanatum、紫芝G. sinense和褐灵芝G. brownii的多糖含量较高。目前国内广泛栽培灵芝G. lingzhi的野生菌株发酵产物中的三萜和多糖含量并不是最高的,研究结果表明不同种类的野生灵芝还有进一步挖掘的潜在价值。     

Relationship between Gelation and Aggregation of Alkali-treated Soybean 7S and 11S Globulins

Gel was obtained when alkaline dope solutions of the 7S and 11S globulins (8% protein concentration) prepared at pH above 11 were dialyzed against phosphate buffer, pH 7.6, µ= 0.3. To make clear the mechanism of gelation, the relationship between changes in viscosity and aggregation phenomena of the neutralized dope solutions was investigated by means of viscosity measurement, disc electrophoresis and gel filtration, comparing the 7S and 11S fractions. In conclusion, it is revealed that the gel is constituted with macromolecule aggregates, and to form the aggregates which are suitable for gelation, all of the following conditions must be satisfied at least : 1); Unfolding and dissociation into subunits once (above pH 11), 2); High ionic strength in the media (µ=0.3), 3); Formation of hydrogen, hydrophobic and disulfide bonds, 4); High protein concentration (above 8%).     

缘毛紫菀中的4个三萜皂苷

利用溶剂萃取,大孔树脂、硅胶和聚酰胺的色谱法,对缘毛紫菀的正丁醇萃取物的化学成分进行了研究,从中分离得到4个三萜皂苷,经1H-NMR、13C-NMR等现代波谱技术及化学方法分别鉴定为续断皂苷B(1)、臭瓜皂苷A(2)、三褶脉紫菀皂苷A(3)和东风菜皂苷A4(4)。化合物1为首次从该属植物中得到,化合物2、3和4为首次从缘毛紫菀中得到。     

三七鲨烯合酶基因在三七根、茎、芦头中的转录表达与三萜皂苷合成

三萜皂苷是三七、人参等重要药用植物的主要有效成分．采用改进的异硫氰酸胍法提取到三七RNA,经RT-PCR克隆技术获得三七三萜合成通路关键酶之一鲨烯合酶(squalene synthase, SS) cDNA,长1 270 bp,读码框架编码415个氨基酸．比对分析表明,推衍的三七SS氨基酸序列与人参、积雪草、青蒿、拟南芥和水稻SS的一致性分别为98%、89%、81%、78%和71%．利用实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术对三七根、茎、芦头的SS转录表达研究发现,一年生三七根SS基因转录表达量最高,高于茎和芦头的表达;但总皂苷含量是:芦头>叶>根>茎．可能与SS之后其它三萜合成关键酶的活性差异或/和三萜合成后的定向输送及累积有关．     

HPLC指纹图谱技术在灵芝组织分离试验中的应用

利用HPLC指纹图谱技术研究从同一灵芝子实体不同部位组织分离获得的菌株三萜化合物的差异。用常规组织分离方法获得不同菌株,在A、B、C、D四种培养基上进行出菇试验,运用HPLC指纹图谱技术获得各子实体三萜提取物HPLC指纹图谱,计算图谱间的相似度,分析三萜指纹的差异。结果表明,从子实体不同部位分离获得的四个菌株在同一培养基相同条件下培养获得的灵芝子实体的三萜指纹图谱相似度均大于0.99;同一部位分离获得的菌株在不同培养基相同培养条件下获得的子实体,其粗三萜HPLC图谱相似度均大于0.96;不同的组织分离部位和不同的培养基对灵芝菌株三萜指纹图谱的影响均不显著。18号菌株在C培养基上培养获得的子实体三萜含量最高,上层菌肉为最优组织分离部位,C培养基为最优培养基。灵芝的三萜组成不受生长环境的影响,而生长环境会对其三萜化合物含量产生一定的影响。本文首次应用HPLC指纹图谱方法对灵芝组织分离获得的菌株的差异性进行了研究。     

Two new triterpenoid saponins from Gymnema sylvestre

Two new oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins, gymnemoside-W1 and W2, together with seven known compounds were isolated from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. By means of spectral and chemical analysis, the structures of the new compounds were elucidated as 16 β-hydroxyl olean-12-en-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→6)-β.D-glucopyranosyl]-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(1) and 16 β,21 β,28-trihydroxyl-olean-12-ene-3-O-glucoronopyranoside (2). The EtOHIH2O extracts of this plant were shown to be able to inhibit glucose absorption in rats.