PVP与PKP治疗骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折的临床治疗效果比较

目的:分析PKP(即经皮椎体后凸成形术)和PVP(即经皮椎体成形术)在骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折治疗中的临床应用效果。方法:回顾并抽取我院骨科诊治的164例骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折患者资料,根据术式分为PKP组和PVP组各82例,对比分析不同手术前各组VAS评分(即视觉模拟评分法)、ODI(即Oswestry功能障碍指数)、椎体高度以及Cobb角变化,同时对2种手术的安全性进行客观评价。结果:手术后,两组VAS评分、ODI、椎体高度以及Cobb角度均出现明显恢复(P0.05),在术后相同时间点,PKP组VAS分数、ODI分数、椎体高度、Cobb角度均显著优于PVP组(P0.05);PKP组手术不良事件发生率(17.07%)显著低于PVP组(36.59%),P0.05,组间差异明显。结论:PVP、PKP虽然均能够对骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折达到修复椎体高度、止痛的治疗效果,但是PKP治疗后椎体恢复情况、手术安全性显著优于PVP。     

腓骨柱植骨支撑固定防治股骨颈骨折术后股骨头坏死的机理和临床疗效

目的:探讨腓骨柱植骨支撑固定防治股骨颈骨折术后股骨头坏死机理研究和临床疗效。方法:随访符合标准的56例患者,记录骨折的Garden分型、内固定的全程稳定性、股骨头坏死的发生和演变等指标,并采用SPSS18.0进行统计分析。结果:56例患者均恢复解剖复位,在术后3-6月骨折愈合,平均4个月,愈合率为100%;Harris功能评分51-100分,平均分为84.6分,其中优者(≥90.0分)37髋,良者(80.0~89.9分)14髋,中者(70.0~79.9分)者1髋,差者(70.0分)4髋,Harris功能评分优良率为91.10%,没有发生内固定失效和骨折不愈合;22例根据MRI表现出股骨头坏死症状,坏死率39.30%,其中17例影像学坏死能够在随访期内维持为ARCOⅠ-Ⅱ期或者完全修复。其余的5例进展为临床坏死;晚期出现塌陷4例(7.15%)。Garden Ⅰ、Ⅱ级和GardenⅢ、Ⅳ级相比较,两组股骨头坏死率有统计学差异(P0.05),且两组的晚期塌陷率比较也有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:空心加压螺钉与腓骨柱的所具有的生物力学稳定效能,能提供全程可靠的抗挤压、抗拉伸及抗旋转三维度稳定性,可以提供强大的机械稳定性;同时腓骨柱具有较强的生物学修复能力,为股骨头骨头血运重建和坏死区修复持续稳定的血供及持续有效的生物学修复能力。生物学愈合后腓骨柱在软骨下形成一个较大接触面积的支撑效果,可以预防股骨头坏死后塌陷。     

Palaeopathology and injury in the extinct mosasaurs (Lepidosauromorpha, Squamata) and implications for modern reptiles

Three fossilized dentaries provide an insight into the healing of fractures in a major group of extinct marine predators, mosasaurs. The data has implications for modern day reptiles in which such information is scanty. All three dentaries have callus formation. Both dentaries of Mosasaurus hoffmanni show fracture non-union, possibly resulting from intervening tissue. They also show evidence of osteomyelitis. Bone remodeling is complete in an earlier fracture in one of the M. hoffmanni dentaries. Given that the most recent fracture (non-union) occurred at a new and much deeper part of the dentary and not in the region of the earlier fracture, it can be assumed that remodeled bone in mosasaurs (probably in reptiles generally) could withstand powerful stresses such as those encountered during predation and fighting. The splenial bone, attached in life to the dentary only by connective tissue, may have acted as a natural splint to immobilize the fracture to the dentary and maintain its alignment during healing. Possible explanations for the injuries are feeding on hard-shelled prey, such as turtles, and fighting.     

Environmental cadmium exposure and forearm bone density

Environmental exposure to cadmium may give rise to osteomalacia combined with renal dysfunction, so called 'Itai-Itai disease', which was endemic in the heavily polluted area in Japan. The main focus of this study was to investigate whether environmental exposure to cadmium is associated with low bone mass in a population living near a smelter. A total of 790 persons (302 males and 488 females), who were all over 35 years old and resided in areas near a lead, zinc and cadmium smelter and in a control area in southeast China, completed a questionnaire, and bone mineral density was measured by SPA-4 single photon absorptiometry at the radius and ulna. Cadmium content of urine was determined by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry as a measure of dose. The present study shows that forearm bone densities were negatively correlated with urinary cadmium excretion (p < 0.001) and forearm bone density decreased linearly with age (p < 0.001) and urinary cadmium (p < 0.01), suggesting a dose-effect relationship between cadmium dose and bone mineral density. Based on the World Health Organization criteria, (bone mineral density < -2.5 SDs below the normal young adult), the prevalence of osteoporosis in women increased from 34.0% in the control area to 51.9% in the heavily polluted area (p < 0.01) among subjects over 50 years old, and the odds ratio value was 2.09 (95% CI: 1.08-4.03) for the highly polluted area compared with the control area. A striking observation in the study was a marked increase of the prevalence of fracture in the cadmium-polluted area in both sexes. It was concluded that environmental exposure to cadmium is associated with an increased loss of bone mineral density in both gender, leading to osteoporosis and increased risk of fractures, especially in the elderly and in females.     

Teriparatide (1-34 human PTH) regulation of osterix during fracture repair

Based on remarkable success of PTH as an anabolic drug for osteoporosis, case reports of off-label use of teriparatide (1-34 PTH) in patients with complicated fractures and non-unions are emerging. We investigated the mechanisms underlying PTH accelerated fracture repair. Bone marrow cells from 7 days 40 microg/kg of teriparatide treated or saline control mice were cultured and Osx and osteoblast phenotypic gene expression assessed by real-time RT-PCR in these cells. Fractured animals injected daily with either saline or 40 microg/kg of teriparatide for up to 21 days were X-rayed and histological assessment performed, as well as immunohistochemical analyses of the Osx expression in the fracture callus. Osx, Runx2 and osteoblast or chondrocyte phenotypic gene expression was also assessed in fracture calluses. Our data shows that Osx and Runx2 are up-regulated in marrow-derived MSCs isolated from mice systemically treated with teriparatide. Furthermore, these MSCs undergo accelerated osteoblast maturation compared to saline injected controls. Systemic teriparatide treatments also accelerated fracture healing in these mice concomitantly with increased Osx expression in the PTH treated fracture calluses compared to controls. Collectively, these data suggest a mechanism for teriparatide mediated fracture healing possibly via Osx induction in MSCs.     

A prospective study on elderly patients with facial fractures in a developing country

Background: This paper describes the incidence, aetiology, treatment and complications of facial fractures seen among the elderly in a developing country. Methods: A prospective study evaluated 85 patients over 60 years of age who were diagnosed with facial fractures over a period of 12 months in 23 public hospitals nationwide. Results: The elderly accounted for 4.5% of the total number of patients seen with facial fractures during the study period. Elderly men outnumbered women by a ratio of 4.31:1. Of the elderly patients, 35.3% had at least one medical condition, the commonest of which was hypertension. Road traffic accidents were the main cause of injury. The fractures were treated in only 26.2% of cases. Complications were uncommon. Conclusions: With a low incidence, and conservative treatment often being practised, the healthcare burden of treating facial fractures among the elderly in Malaysia is at present still low.     

切开复位锁定钢板内固定术与半肩关节置换术治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折疗效比较的回顾性分析

摘要 目的：对比半肩关节置换术、切开复位锁定钢板内固定术两种术式治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折的疗效。方法：回顾性分析2019年3月~2021年3月期间四川省人民医院收治的92例复杂肱骨近端骨折患者的临床资料。根据手术方案,将92例患者区分为A组（n=44,切开复位锁定钢板内固定术治疗）和B组（n=48,半肩关节置换术治疗）。对比两组围术期指标、疼痛和肩关节功能相关评分、血清应激因子水平及术后并发症发生率。结果：两组手术时间、术中出血量组间对比未见统计学差异（P>0.05）。术后6个月,两组Constant-Murley评分、Neer评分均升高,视觉疼痛模拟评分（VAS）评分均下降（P<0.05）,但两组上述评分组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。术后7 d,两组皮质醇（Cor）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）、肾上腺素（E）水平均升高,但B组上述指标水平均低于A组（P<0.05）。B组的术后并发症发生率低于A组（P<0.05）。结论：半肩关节置换术治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折,可获得与切开复位锁定钢板内固定术治疗大致相当的临床疗效,但半肩关节置换术术后应激反应更小,并发症发生率更低,具有一定优势。     

Capacidad predictiva de mortalidad del índice Frágil-VIG (IF-VIG) en pacientes ancianos con fractura de fémur

IntroductionFrailty and hip fracture are closely related and are associated with high risk of functional decline and mortality. The objective of this study is to analyze whether the Frail-VIG index [IF-VIG] (fragility index validated in the geriatric population) maintains its predictive capacity for mortality in old patients with hip fracture.MethodsObservational, cohort, longitudinal and ambispective study on patients admitted to an acute geriatric unit with a hip fracture. Patients were classified according to their degree of frailty into three groups by the IF-VIG: no frailty/initial frailty (≤ 0.35), moderate frailty (0.36-0.50) and advanced frailty (> 0.50). The follow-up period was 24 months. The three groups were compared using survival curves and ROC curves were analyzed to assess the prognostic capacity of IF-VIG.ResultsA total of 103 patients were included; 73.8% were women, with a mean age of 87 years. There were no differences between groups in relation to the type of fracture, the kind of surgery, the waiting time until surgery and the mobilization time. Overall, in-hospital mortality was 7.76%, significantly higher in the advanced frailty group (23.3%). We also found significant differences in mortality at 24 months of follow-up according to the IF-VIG. The under the ROC curve area at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months was 0.90 (0.83-0.97), 0.90 (0.82-0.97), 0.91 (0.86-0.97) and 0.88 (0.81-0.94), respectively.ConclusionThe IF-VIG appears to be a good tool in predicting mortality in old patients with hip fracture.     

不同抗凝策略对急性多发性创伤伴下肢骨折患者DVT和肺栓塞发生率的影响

目的:探讨不同抗凝策略对急性多发性创伤伴下肢骨折患者下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)和肺栓塞发生率的影响。方法:将2017年1月～2017年12月我院收治的200例急性多发性创伤伴下肢骨折患者按照随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,每组各100例。对照组予以低分子肝素钙,观察组予以利伐沙班。随访1月,比较两组患者DVT、肺栓塞的发生情况,术前、术后1 d、术后5 d血栓弹力图指标、血液流变学的变化,术中失血量、术后引流量及者用药不良反应的发生情况。结果:①随访1月,观察组DVT的发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05),两组肺栓塞的发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);②术后1 d时,两组R时间、K时间均短于术前(P0.05),α角、MA值、中切全血粘度、低切全血粘度、血浆粘度均高于术前(P0.05),但两组以上指标组间对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后5 d时,两组R时间、K时间均长于术前1 d时(P0.05),α角、MA值、中切全血粘度、低切全血粘度、血浆粘度均低于术前1 d时(P0.05),且观察组以上指标改变幅度均大于对照组(P0.05);③两组术中失血量、术后引流量、不良反应发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:利伐沙班和低分子肝素钠均有利于改善急性多发性创伤伴下肢骨折患者血液流变学和凝血功能,但前者效果更佳,更有利于降低DVT的发生风险。     

椎体成形术和椎弓根螺丝钉治疗胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折的临床研究

目的:探讨胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折采用椎体成形术和椎弓根螺丝钉固定的临床疗效。方法:按照随机数字表法将2012年2月~2014年2月我院收治的胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折患者分为两组,观察组行经皮椎体成形术,对照组行椎弓根螺丝钉固定,术后比较两组的临床疗效及安全性。结果:观察组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),两组治疗前VAS评分、Cobb角、椎体前缘高度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后的VAS评分、Cobb角、椎体前缘高度较治疗前均有所改善,观察组改善程度明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);术后两组不良反应主要有伤口感染,症状复发,脊髓损伤,肺栓塞,恶心、呕吐等,观察组症状复发率,恶心、呕吐发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折行经皮椎体成形术具有疗效好,并发症少等特点,临床有重要参考价值。