镍钛形状记忆合金环抱器内固定术对多发性肋骨骨折患者术后疼痛、呼吸功能及肺部感染的影响

目的:探讨多发性肋骨骨折患者采用镍钛形状记忆合金环抱器内固定术治疗的临床效果。方法:选取2016年1月-2018年1月期间我院收治的97例多发性肋骨骨折患者。按照不同的治疗方法将患者分为对照组(n=47)和研究组(n=50),对照组患者给予胸部护板外固定术,研究组患者给予镍钛形状记忆合金环抱器内固定术。比较两组患者术后7 d的临床疗效,比较两组术前、术后7 d疼痛程度及呼吸功能情况,记录两组术后并发症发生情况。结果:研究组患者治疗后总有效率为92.00%(46/50),高于对照组患者的76.60%(36/47)(P0.05)。两组患者术后7 d视觉疼痛模拟评分量表(VAS)评分均较术前降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者术后7 d最大自主通气量占预计值百分比(MVV%)较术前升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05);两组患者术后7 d第1秒用力呼气肺活量占预计值百分比(FEV1%)比较无差异(P0.05)。研究组患者术后并发症总发生率8.00%(4/50),低于对照组的23.40%(11/47)(P0.05)。结论:多发性肋骨骨折经镍钛形状记忆合金环抱器内固定术治疗安全、有效,可明显减轻患者术后疼痛及改善呼吸功能,临床应用价值较高。     

Possible risk factors for keel bone damage in organic laying hens

Keel bone damage (KBD) in laying hens is an important welfare problem in both conventional and organic egg production systems. We aimed to identify possible risk factors for KBD in organic hens by analysing cross-sectional data of 107 flocks assessed in eight European countries. Due to partly missing data, the final multiple regression model was based on data from 50 flocks. Keel bone damage included fractures and/or deviations, and was recorded, alongside with other animal based measures, by palpation and visual inspection of at least 50 randomly collected hens per flock between 52 and 73 weeks of age. Management and housing data were obtained by interviews, inspection and by feed analysis. Keel bone damage flock prevalences ranged from 3% to 88%. Compiled on the basis of literature and practical experience, 26 potential associative factors of KBD went into an univariable selection by Spearman correlation analysis or Mann–Whitney U test (with P<0.1 level). The resulting nine factors were presented to stepwise forward linear regression modelling. Aviary v. floor systems, absence of natural daylight in the hen house, a higher proportion of underweight birds, as well as a higher laying performance were found to be significantly associated with a higher percentage of hens with KBD. The final model explained 32% of the variation in KBD between farms. The moderate explanatory value of the model underlines the multifactorial nature of KBD. Based on the results increased attention should be paid to an adequate housing design and lighting that allows the birds easy orientation and safe manoeuvring in the system. Furthermore, feeding management should aim at sufficient bird live weights that fulfil breeder weight standards. In order to achieve a better understanding of the relationships between laying performance, feed management and KBD further investigations are needed.     

Body Anthropometry and the Risk of Hip and Wrist Fractures in Men: Results from a Prospective Study

Available epidemiological information on the associations between body anthropometry and the incidence of fractures in men is limited. We therefore prospectively investigated the association between body anthropometry and the incidence of hip and wrist fractures from low and moderate trauma among 43,053 men who were 40 years to 75 years of age in 1986 when they first enrolled in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. After 8 years of follow-up, 201 wrist fracture cases and 56 hip fracture cases were reported. Greater height was associated with significant elevations in both hip and wrist fractures, whereas nonsignificant inverse associations were observed with weight and body mass index. Men in the highest quintile of waist circumference had a relative risk (RR) of 2.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64 to 10.3) for hip fracture and 2.05 (95% CI 1.06 to 3.96) for wrist fracture when compared with men in the lowest quintile. Waist-to-hip ratio was also positively related to fracture incidence; comparing highest with lowest quintile, the RRs were 3.92 (95% CI 1.07 to 14.3) for hip fracture and 1.50 (95% CI 0.85 to 2.66) for wrist fracture. These anthropometric indicators, in particular waist-to-hip ratio, may be useful for the prediction of hip fracture in adult men.     

锁定钢板与半肩关节置换治疗老年肱骨近端骨折疗效比较

目的:比较锁定钢板(Locking plate,LP)与半肩关节置换(semi-shoulder arthroplasty,SSA)治疗老年肱骨近端NeerⅢ、Ⅳ型骨折临床疗效。方法:对我院骨科2009年5月至2013年5月收治的61例老年肱骨近端NeerⅢ、Ⅳ型骨折的患者资料进行回顾性分析,男性18例,女性43例,年龄60~84岁,平均69.3岁。其中采用LP治疗者40例,采用SSA治疗者21例,观察两组患者的手术时间、失血量、Neer评分情况,记录手术并发症情况,并进行统计学比较。结果:所有患者均获得随访,平均随访时间14.5个月(12~20个月)。LP组手术时间(105.6±20.4 min vs 80.6±18.2 min,t=2.650,P=0.01)多于SSA组,两组在手术出血量(188.5±25.2 ml vs 200.5±31.6 m L,t=1.666,P=0.1)、Neer评分优良率(92.5%vs 90.5%,X2=0.075,P=0.784)和并发症发生率(4.8%vs12.5%,X2=1.351,P=0.245)无明显差异。结论:在老年肱骨近端NeerⅢ、Ⅳ型骨折的治疗上,SSA手术时间短,但手术并发症发生率以及疗效优良率与LP相似,临床应根据病情及需要灵活选择手术方式。     

经伤椎单节段固定与跨伤椎短节段固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效比较研究

目的:研究经伤椎单节段固定和跨伤椎短节段固定对于胸腰椎骨折进行治疗的临床疗效。方法:从2011年6月至2014年6月,选择我院100例胸腰椎骨折患者作为研究对象。以数字法随机分为观察组50例以及对照组50例。观察组患者行经伤椎单节段固定,对照组患者行跨伤椎短节段固定,对比观察两组的临床效果。结果:观察组患者术中出血量及手术时间均明显低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。对两组患者手术前后的影像学检测结果进行比较,手术前后两组的压缩率以及Cobb角比较均无显著差异(P0.05),对所有患者进行末次随访时发现,观察组的压缩率明显高于对照组,Cobb角明显低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前两组在社会功能,情感职能以及躯体疼痛评分比较上均无统计学差异(P0.05),治疗后两组以上评分较治疗前均明显升高,并且观察组显著高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:使用经伤椎单节段固定较跨伤椎短节段固定方式能更好地恢复患者Cobb角度,对于预防手术之后矫正度的丢失性具有明显优势,且其有利于术后患者生活质量的提高,值得临床推荐使用。     

骨水泥强化椎弓根内固定治疗骨质疏松性脊柱骨折的效果

目的:探讨内固定与植骨融合术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析我院2011年7月至2012年7月收治的80例骨质疏松性椎体骨折患者的临床资料。根据固定方式,将37例采用PMMA骨水泥强化椎弓根内固定的患者作为研究组,其余43例单纯应用椎弓根内固定的患者作为对照组。收集两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛程度、愈合时间等临床资料。评价患者手术前后侧位X线片椎体高度和内固定效果。术后随访24个月。结果:两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及骨折愈合时间等无显著性差异(P0.05);研究组患者术后疼痛程度、椎体高度、内固定物松动及断裂情况等显著优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折具有良好的临床效果,值得推广应用。     

Life and death in a civitas capital: Metabolic disease and trauma in the children from late Roman Dorchester,Dorset

The impact that “Romanization” and the development of urban centers had on the health of the Romano‐British population is little understood. A re‐examination of the skeletal remains of 364 nonadults from the civitas capital at Roman Dorchester (Durnovaria) in Dorset was carried out to measure the health of the children living in this small urban area. The cemetery population was divided into two groups; the first buried their dead organized within an east–west alignment with possible Christian‐style graves, and the second with more varied “pagan” graves, aligned north–south. A higher prevalence of malnutrition and trauma was evident in the children from Dorchester than in any other published Romano‐British group, with levels similar to those seen in postmedieval industrial communities. Cribra orbitalia was present in 38.5% of the children, with rickets and/or scurvy at 11.2%. Twelve children displayed fractures of the ribs, with 50% of cases associated with rickets and/or scurvy, suggesting that rib fractures should be considered during the diagnosis of these conditions. The high prevalence of anemia, rickets, and scurvy in the Poundbury children, and especially the infants, indicates that this community may have adopted child‐rearing practices that involved fasting the newborn, a poor quality weaning diet, and swaddling, leading to general malnutrition and inadequate exposure to sunlight. The Pagan group showed no evidence of scurvy or rib fractures, indicating difference in religious and child‐rearing practices but that both burial groups were equally susceptible to rickets and anemia suggests a shared poor standard of living in this urban environment. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

围手术期综合护理对脊柱损伤并四肢骨折疗效的影响

目的：探讨固手术期系统综合护理对脊柱损伤并四肢骨折疗效的影响。方法：收集50例脊柱损伤并四肢骨折患者,按手术编号随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各25例,两组患者均采用内固定手术及常规治疗,但观察组围手术期配合综合系统护理,对照组不配合,连续观察至出院并随访6个月,比较护理对比两组患者临床疗效、并发症情况及疾病恢复时间的影响。结果：经治疗,两组患者均较前好转,且观察组临床有效率92％明显高于对照组84％（P〈0．05）;观察组并发症发生率28％明显低于对照组44％（P〈0．05）;术后疾病恢复时间观察组明显短于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：围手术期综合系统护理有助于脊柱损伤并四肢骨折术后恢复,能显著提高疗效、减少并发症,缩短疾病恢复时间,临床值得应推广实施。     

Fractures in late medieval skeletal populations from Serbia

Bone fractures were analyzed from skeletal remains of 861 adult individuals from six cemeteries dating to the Late Medieval period in Serbia. Results of the study were compared to other cemetery populations (635 individual skeletons) of the same date and region in an attempt to understand fracture patterns. The association of types of fractures and their prevalence with sex, age at death, cemetery site, and information deriving from historical sources are discussed. Results showed that the long bone fracture frequency was 0.7%, and the majority of the fractures were the result of direct force. This rate is similar to some studies of contemporary British skeletal samples. However, it is much lower than for some other Old World sites. Cranial vault fractures had a rate of 6.7%, and of the facial skeleton, 1.3%; the frontal bone was the most affected of bones of the cranial vault. Injuries were more common on the upper extremities (0.8%) compared to the lower (0.6%). However, the fibula was the most fractured bone (2.8%), followed by the ulna (2.4%). This pattern is similar to three of six Late Medieval urban sites in Britain. These findings suggest that this rural community was exposed to a low risk of trauma, probably related mostly to accidents sustained during farming, and rarely to interpersonal violence.     

Current advances in training orthopaedic patients to comply with partial weight-bearing instructions

Partial weight-bearing instructions are commonly given to orthopaedic patients and are an important part of post-injury and/or post-operative care. However, the ability of patients to comply with these instructions is poorly defined. Training methods for instructing these patients vary widely among institutions. Traditional methods of training include verbal instruction and use of a bathroom scale. Recent technological advances have created biofeedback devices capable of offering feedback to partial weight-bearing patients. Biofeedback devices have shown great promise in training patients to better comply with partial weight-bearing instructions. This review examines the background and significance of partial weight bearing and offers insights into current advances in training methods for partial weight-bearing patients.