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81.
武陵山地区鱼类寄生杆咽属线虫两新种 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文报道在武陵山地区的白甲鱼[(Varicorkinus(Onychostoma)simus(SauvageetDabry)]和沪溪直口峻(RectorisluxiensisWuetYao)中发现的两种杆咽属(Rhabdochona)线虫新种,定名为白甲鱼杆咽线虫,新种(RhabdOchonaonyrkostomisp.nov.)和短咽杆咽线虫,新种(RhabdOchonabrevichonasp.nov.),并对两新种进行了测量和详细的描述。 相似文献
82.
低浓度氢清除法测定大鼠局部脑血流量 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用氢清除法测量动物局部脑血流量已被广泛应用于研究中。本文采用低于爆炸范围下限的3%H2浓度,它可以与任何比例的氮氧气体安全混合,且可避免吸纯氢期间的短暂缺氧,更为严格地控制了实验条件,增加了安全和准确性。本工作对吸100%H2和吸3%H2以及吸3%H21-1.5min和吸3%H25min测得脑血流量分析作了比较,结果表明短期低浓度氢清除法能较好地反映动物的局部脑血流量。 相似文献
83.
Chloroplast DNA restriction site variation was examined for 35 taxa in theVernonieae and four outgroup tribes, using 17 restriction enzymes mapped for ca. 900 restriction sites per species; 139 mutations were found to be phylogenetically informative. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using Wagner and weighted parsimony, and evaluated by bootstrap and decay analyses. Relationships of Old and New World taxa indicate complex geographical relationships; there was no clear geographic separation by hemisphere. The relationships between Old and New World Vernonias found here support prior morphological analyses. The sister group to all New and most Old World taxa was composed of a small group of Old World species including yellow-flowered, trinervate-leaved species previously postulated to be basal in the tribe. The majority of both New and Old World taxa are derived from a lineage beginning with the monotypic genusStokesia, an endemic of the southeastern United States. The genusVernonia was also found to be paraphyletic within both the New and Old World. Available data do not support either the separation ofVernonia or the tribeVernonieae into geographically distinct lineages. The pattern of relationships within theVernonieae for taxa from North America, Asia, Africa, Central and South America is most similar to that of several other groups of both plants and animals with a boreotropical origin, rather than an origin in Gondwanaland. Such a pattern of distribution suggests more ancient vicariant events than are routinely postulated for theAsteraceae. 相似文献
84.
85.
Parasites of all kinds affect the behaviour of their hosts, often making them more susceptible to predators. The associated
loss in expected future reproductive success of infected hosts will vary among individuals, with younger ones having more
lose than older ones. For this reason, young hosts would benefit more by opposing the effects of parasites than old ones.
In a laboratory study, the effects of the trematode Telogaster opisthorchis on the anti-predator responses of the upland bully (Gobiomorphus breviceps) and of the common river galaxias (Galaxias vulgaris) were examined in relation to fish age. In a bully population where parasites were very abundant, the magnitude of the fish's
anti-predator responses decreased as the number of parasites per fish increased, and this effect was significantly more pronounced
in age 2 + and, to a lesser extent, age 3 + fish than in age 1 + fish. In another bully population where parasites were 10
times less abundant, similar effects were noticeable but not significant, whereas no effects of parasites on the responses
of galaxiids to predators were apparent. Differences in the abundance of parasites and in their sites of infection in fish
may explain the variability among host populations or species. However, in the bully population with high parasite abundance,
parasitism has age-dependent effects on responses to predators, providing some support for the prediction that young fish
with high expected future reproductive success invest more energy into opposing the effects of parasites than do older fish. 相似文献
86.
Randall W. Myster 《Plant Ecology》1994,114(2):169-174
Because the fate of seeds is critical to understanding the invasion of old fields by trees, and plant litter is an important component defining the old field microsite of dispersed seeds, I investigated the effects of litter type (Solidago spp./goldenrod,Quercus spp./oak, mixed) and litter amount (100–800 g/m2) on tree seed germination and seedling emergence. I found that at all densities bothSolidago andQuercus litter greatly reduced emergence of the small-seeded, bird-dispersed species,Juniperus virginiana andCornus florida. For one of the large-seeded, mammal-dispersed species,Carya tomentosa, high densitySolidago litter and high density mixed litter treatments reduced emergence. For the other large-seeded species,Quercus rubra, the high density mixed litter treatment and all levels ofSolidago litter reduced emergence.Quercus seedlings emerged twice as often as the other three species in control pots without litter.Carya emerged before the other species but the high density oak treatment delayed the expansion of its cotyledons. My results suggest that litter may contribute to the slow rate of tree invasion and the low probability of tree establishment in old fields. However, old field litter studies taken together point to the difficulty in drawing general conclusions about any net effect of litter on old field tree establishment. 相似文献
87.
88.
内皮素对失血性休克鼠脑微循环的影响及尼莫地平、川芎嗪的治疗作用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
利用大鼠颅骨开窗观察软脑膜微循环的方法研究了内皮素(ET-1)10-10-10-7mol/L对软脑膜微循环的影响以及失血性休克时软脑膜对ET-1的反应性。并用10-7mol/L造成失血性休克后脑血管痉挛的模型,观察尼莫地平、川芎嗪、654-2对内皮素引起血管痉挛的治疗作用。10-9、10-8和10-7mol/L3种浓度ET-1可使软脑膜小动脉、细动脉强烈收缩,收缩率分别为27.7%、46.8%、78.5%,其收缩强度与ET-1的浓度有关。对静脉的作用不明显。10-10mol/LET-1可使细动脉轻度扩张。出血性休克时,软脑膜血流明显减慢,小动脉、细动脉管径对ET-1的收缩作用更敏感,脑组织血流明显减少。尼莫地平具有较好的拮抗ET-1引起软脑膜动脉的收缩和改善局部微循环的作用。川芎嗪也能拮抗ET-1引起软脑膜动脉的收缩,但作用较尼莫地平弱。654-2不能缓解ET-1对软脑膜动脉的收缩作用。 相似文献
89.
90.
记述采自内蒙古自治区大青山地区的狼蛛科Lycosidae豹蛛属Pardosa一新种:大青山豹蛛Pardosa daqing shanica sp.nov. 相似文献