大熊猫取食竹笋期间的昼夜活动节律和强度

采用内置记录活动水平传感器的GPS项圈研究了卧龙自然保护区3只野生大熊猫春季取食竹笋期间的昼夜活动节律和强度,并分析了太阳辐射、温度因子对大熊猫活动节律与强度的影响。3只大熊猫的平均活动率为68.05%,受孕雌性大熊猫的活动率(70.86%)和活动强度(范围:0-255;水平方向/垂直方向,23.82±0.30/ 17.63±0.22)均比其它两只大熊猫(70.55%, 14.71±0.17/13.52±0.15 ;62.76%,17.74±0.23/13.61±0.18)高。大熊猫有3次活动高峰,分别出现在6:00-7:00,18:00-21:00和23:00-3:00,一个明显的活动低谷,出现在9:00-12:00。大熊猫白天的活动率(68.32%)和活动强度(19.59±0.20/ 15.45±0.15)比夜间(67.67%,17.63±0.19/14.21±0.15)高。大熊猫的活动强度与太阳辐射之间存在显著负相关(r=-0.822, P<0.001),与空气温度之间不存在显著的相关性。     

大熊猫的生境选择特征

基于王朗国家级自然保护区1997—2009年的连续监测数据,利用分布频率法和Bai-ley法,从地形因子、森林群落结构和主食竹3个方面研究了大熊猫的生境选择特征.结果表明:王朗国家级自然保护区的大熊猫对生境具有明显的选择性.在地形上,多选择海拔在2500～3000 m的山体脊部、上部和中部的均匀坡和凸坡,坡向西南,坡度在6°～30°,与水源距离>300 m的环境;森林群落结构上,多选择起源为次生林、针阔混交林,微生境为竹林的生境,乔木平均高度在20～29 m,灌木盖度在0～24%;主食竹多选择平均高度在2～5 m,竹丛盖度>50%,混生,生长状况良好的缺苞箭竹.     

山西历山国家级自然保护区千金榆群落种间分离研究

对山西历山国家级自然保护区普通沟和西峡的千金榆(Carpinus cordata)群落进行野外调查,共记录了40个样方,44个物种,组成946个种对.利用最近邻体法构造N×N最近邻体列联表,以x2检验和种间分离指数S作为区分指标,研究了千金榆群落的种间分离情况.结果表明:(1)946个种对中呈现随机毗邻的最多,有507个种对,占总数的53.59％;呈现正分离的有349个种对,占总数的36.89％;而呈现负分离种对最少,只有90对,占总数的9.52％.(2)群落的建群种或优势种因为有较强的生存能力和竞争能力,往往表现出正分离,例如千金榆、小叶鹅耳枥(Carpinus turczaninowii)、五角枫(Acer mono)、葛罗槭(Acer grosseri)等有较强生存能力的物种与大多数的物种发生正分离;而六道木(Abelia biflora)、东北茶镳子(Ribes mandshuricum)、小花溲疏(Deutziaparviflora),美蔷薇(Rosa bella)和紫花卫矛(Euonymus porphyries)等群落中的伴生种或小灌木,与部分物种形成负分离.其余物种之间发生随机毗邻的较多.(3)对千金榆群落44×44列联表进行全面分离,结果表明群落内的44个物种相互交错分布,不是全面分离.此外,种间分离的结果也揭示该群落处于演替初期,受岩石风化崩塌的影响较严重,人为干扰因素较轻.     

Militarised natural history: tales of the avocet's return to postwar Britain

Absent as a breeding bird from Britain for at least a century, avocets (Recurvirostra avosetta) began nesting on the east coast of Britain, in Suffolk, shortly after the end of the Second World War, having honed in on two spots on Britain's coast that had been flooded for war-related reasons. The avocets' presence was surrounded in secrecy, while a dedicated few kept up a protective watch over them. As the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) took over responsibility for the flourishing colony, they claimed the episode as a symbol of success for British protection, later making the bird their logo. Counter to the RSPB's story of protecting a British bird, I read the narratives of events in terms of making a bird British. I show how, as postwar Britain slumped economically and spiritually and tried to rebuild itself, the birds became a vehicle for formulating national identity: of Britain as a home to which to return and belong. Exploring the themes of returning servicemen and closed territories, the paper also examines the episode in terms of the naturalisation of the military and the militarisation of nature.     

Nature reserve group planning for conservation of giant pandas in North Minshan, China

Formation of nature reserve groups (NRGs) is an important approach for optimising spatial patterns in nature reserves and for improving the efficiency of nature reserve networks. In this study, based on habitat evaluation and connectivity analysis, the approach and method for optimising spatial patterns and functional zoning of reserves were analysed using the case study of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) reserves in North Minshan. Results indicated that five panda nature reserves had been established, which formed a reserve group and covered 48.4% of panda habitat and three of five population components. Although the nature reserves were connected to each other, core zones were divided into seven isolated areas. These divisions can reduce the efficiency of protecting giant pandas in reserve systems. To optimise spatial patterns in nature reserves, one new reserve is proposed and it is recommended that core zones be expanded and merged into two areas, in accordance with the spatial distribution of the panda population. Three linkage areas are also proposed—for facilitating panda exchange and movement among different populations. The study is expected to provide a scientific basis for planning the development of nature reserves in this mountain range, to promote the establishment of nature reserve groups in other areas, and to optimise entire nature reserve systems in China.     

From research to implementation: Nature conservation in the Eastern Rhodopes mountains (Greece and Bulgaria), European Green Belt

Nature conservation should ideally build on the scientific recommendations that are concluded from applied conservation research, as well as on monitoring schemes that evaluate the effectiveness of recommendations. We considered as a case study a system of six protected areas located in the Eastern Rhodopes mountains in the southern part of the European Green Belt (EGB). To investigate nature conservation effectiveness, we reviewed 196 articles from scientific journals and books, eight doctoral and master theses, and 39 scientific reports regarding the Greek (one protected area, 428 km²) and the Bulgarian (five protected areas, 904 km²) part of the study area. We extracted 743 conservation recommendations, and through questionnaires completed by 10 local experts, we found that 74% of the recommendations were familiar for the experts. In the Greek (GR) and the Bulgarian part (BG) only 52% and 16%, respectively, of the recommendations were implemented, and only 15% (GR) and 3.1% (BG) were implemented and evaluated regarding their effectiveness. According to the experts, the main reasons for non-implementation and non-evaluation were absence or incompetence of the responsible authorities. Some recommendations obtained a remarkable low rate of implementation, such as those regarding agriculture and livestock rearing practices (GR: 29%, BG: 16%) or mammal conservation (GR: 0%, BG: 16%). Some other recommendations obtained rather high rates at least for Greece, such as tourism and environmental education (GR: 57%, BG: 42%) and bird conservation (GR: 57%, BG: 11%). We found that researchers and conservation managers at both sides of the Greek-Bulgarian border face similar implementation problems, related often to the lack of political will for nature conservation and establishment of competent authorities. The role of the EGB is crucial in enhancing the established cross-border collaborations between stakeholders involved in nature conservation.     

广东象头山国家级自然保护区珍稀野生花卉资源

对广东象头山国家级自然保护区珍稀野生花卉资源调查结果表明,本区内有52科68属88种,其中蕨类植物11科11属13种;被子植物41科57属75种,并对其基本组成、多样性等进行分析。根据本区珍稀野生花卉的现状与特点,划分出生活类型,提出园林配置方式,对资源保护和开发利用提出建议。     

Isolation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Halophilic Archaeon AJ6

Halophilic archaeon A J6 was isolated and purified from the Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Strain AJ6 is a Gram-negative rod whose size is 0.2-0.6 by 1.6-4.2 μm,wherein a few cells are globular.The optimum salt concentration for its growth is 20% NaC1 and 0.6% Mg2+,and the optimum pH is 6.0-7.0.Morphological,physiological,and biochemical characteristics of strain AJ6 were observed.The 16S rRNA encoding gene (16S rDNA)sequence of strain A J6 was amplified by PCR,and its nucteotide sequence was determined subsequently."Clustalw"and"PHYLIP"software bags were used to analyze the 16S rDNA sequence;the homology was compared,and then the phylogenetic tree was established.The results indicate that strain AJ6 is a novel species of the genus Natrinema.The GenBank accession number of the 16S rDNA sequences of strain AJ6 is AY277584.