磷酸肌酸钠与维生素C 对肺炎支原体感染心肌损害患儿炎症因子水平的影响

目的:探究磷酸肌酸钠配合大剂量维生素C对小儿肺炎支原体感染心肌损害患儿炎症因子的影响。方法:收集我院收治的肺炎支原体感染心肌损害患儿72例,根据治疗方法不同分为对照组和试验组,每组36例。对照组给予磷酸肌酸钠治疗,试验组给予磷酸肌酸钠联合维生素C治疗。观察并比较两组患儿治疗前后心肌酶、心功能、炎症因子水平、临床疗效及不良反应。结果:与治疗前比较,治疗后两组患儿血清心肌酶水平均降低,且试验组低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后两组患儿心排出量、每搏输出量均升高,且试验组高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);与治疗前比较,治疗后两组患儿血清IL-18,IL-6及IL-17水平均降低,且试验组低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);与治疗前比较,治疗后两组患儿血清TGF-β水平均升高,且试验组高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。试验组临床总有效率(91.67%)高于对照组(72.22%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:磷酸肌酸钠配合大剂量维生素C治疗小儿肺炎支原体感染心肌损害的临床疗效显著,能够改善心肌功能,抑制炎性反应,安全性较高。     

LncRNA NONRATT021972 involved the pathophysiologic processes mediated by P2X<Subscript>7</Subscript> receptors in stellate ganglia after myocardial ischemic injury

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) acts on P2X receptors to initiate signal transmission. P2X₇ receptors play a role in the pathophysiological process of myocardial ischemic injury. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in numerous biological functions independent of protein translation. LncRNAs are implicated in nervous system diseases. This study investigated the effects of NONRATT021972 small interference RNA (siRNA) on the pathophysiologic processes mediated by P2X₇ receptors in stellate ganglia (SG) after myocardial ischemic injury. Our results demonstrated that the expression of NONRATT021972 in SG was significantly higher in the myocardial ischemic (MI) group than in the control group. Treatment of MI rats with NONRATT021972 siRNA, the P2X₇ antagonist brilliant blue G (BBG), or P2X₇ siRNA improved the histology of injured ischemic cardiac tissues and decreased the elevated concentrations of serum myocardial enzymes, creatine kinase (CK), CK isoform MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) compared to the MI rats. NONRATT021972 siRNA, BBG, or P2X₇ siRNA treatment in MI rats decreased the expression levels of P2X₇ immunoreactivity, P2X₇ messenger RNA (mRNA), and P2X₇ protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in the SG compared to MI rats. NONRATT021972 siRNA treatment prevented the pathophysiologic processes mediated by P2X₇ receptors in the SG after myocardial ischemic injury.     

Personalized Computer Simulation of Diastolic Function in Heart Failure

The search for a parameter representing left ventricular relaxation from non-invasive and invasive diagnostic tools has been extensive, since heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HF-pEF) is a global health problem. We explore here the feasibility using patient-specific cardiac computer modeling to capture diastolic parameters in patients suffering from different degrees of systolic HF. Fifty eight patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy have undergone thorough clinical evaluation, including cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), heart catheterization, echocardiography, and cardiac biomarker assessment. A previously-introduced framework for creating multi-scale patient-specific cardiac models has been applied on all these patients. Novel parameters, such as global stiffness factor and maximum left ventricular active stress, representing cardiac active and passive tissue properties have been computed for all patients. Invasive pressure measurements from heart catheterization were then used to evaluate ventricular relaxation using the time constant of isovolumic relaxation Tau (s). Parameters from heart catheterization and the multi-scale model have been evaluated and compared to patient clinical presentation. The model parameter global stiffness factor, representing diastolic passive tissue properties, is correlated signif-icantly across the patient population with s. This study shows that multi-modal cardiac models can successfully capture diastolic (dys) function, a prerequisite for future clinical trials on HF-pEF.     

急性心肌梗死合并肺部感染患者多药耐药菌分布特征及心肌酶谱指标与炎性因子的关系分析

目的:分析急性心肌梗死合并肺部感染患者多药耐药菌分布特征及炎性因子与心肌酶谱指标的关系。方法:选择2015年2月~2018年10月期间中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第940医院收治的67例急性心肌梗死合并肺部感染患者作为感染组,选取同期收治的60例单纯急性心肌梗死患者作为未感染组,分析感染组多药耐药菌的分布及其耐药性,比较两组炎性因子与心肌酶谱指标水平,采用Pearson相关性分析感染组患者炎性因子与心肌酶谱指标的相关性。结果:67例患者痰培养标本中共分离出136株病原菌,其中有64株属于多药耐药菌,多药耐药菌中革兰阴性菌38株,占59.37%,革兰阳性菌26株,占40.63%。其中主要革兰阴性菌对哌拉西林/舒巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、阿米卡星、美罗培南、亚胺培南等较为敏感,主要革兰阳性菌对替考拉宁、万古霉素、利福平等较为敏感。感染组患者白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、促血管生成素-2(Ang-2)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CKMB)水平均高于未感染组患者(P0.05)。经Pearson相关性分析可得,感染组患者血清IL-6、Ang-2、TNF-α水平与AST、LDH、CK、CK-MB水平均呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:急性心肌梗死合并肺部感染患者心肌酶谱与炎性因子水平关系密切,有助于判断患者病情严重程度,且急性心肌梗死合并肺部感染患者多药耐药现象较为严重,临床应针对病原菌合理选取抗菌药物。     

急性心肌梗死高龄患者心肌灌注水平影响左室重构

为了探讨高龄急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction, AMI)患者心脏超声特点,分析左室重构(left ventricle remodel, LVR)与心肌灌注水平的相关性,本研究选取2016年2月至2017年10月在广西医科大学第一附属医院治疗的高龄AMI患者104例,根据患者年龄分为A组49例(60~79岁)和B组55例(≥80岁),比较两组心脏超声指标,采用声学造影积分指数(contrast score index, CSI)评估两组术后心肌灌注水平。结果表明,B组后下壁心肌梗死比例为27.27%,明显高于A组(p<0.05);B组和A组前壁、下壁、前壁+下壁心肌梗死比例差异无统计学意义(p>0.05);B组左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF)为(45.29±12.14)%,明显低于A组(p<0.05),左心房内径和左心室内径分别为(46.10径和左心室) mm和(57.29径和左心室内) mm,明显高于A组(p<0.05);B组经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)术后6个月CSI为(0.68±0.20),明显低于A组(p<0.05);B组术后左心房内径和左心室内径分别为(50.01±8.10) mm和(64.10±7.02) mm,明显高于A组(p<0.05);左心室内径与CSI呈负相关(r=-0.312, p<0.05)。综上表明,≥80岁患者与60~79岁患者心脏超声特点有所差异,年龄超过80岁的患者心功能以及PCI术后心肌灌注水平较差;心肌灌注水平与左室重构有一定相关性。     

Sensitivity of stress and strain calculations to passive material parameters in cardiac mechanical models using unloaded geometries

Cardiac stress (load) and strain (stretch) are widely studied indicators of cardiac function and outcome, but are difficult or impossible to directly measure in relation to the cardiac microstructure. An alternative approach is to estimate these states using computer methods and image-based measurements, but this still requires knowledge of the tissue material properties and the unloaded state, both of which are difficult to determine. In this work, we tested the sensitivity of these two interdependent unknowns (reference geometry and material parameters) on stress and strain calculations in cardiac tissue. Our study used a finite element model of the human ventricle, with a hyperelastic passive material model, and was driven by a cell model mediated active contraction. We evaluated 21 different published parameter sets for the five parameters of the passive material model, and for each set we optimised the corresponding unloaded geometry and contractility parameter to model a single pressure-volume loop. The resulting mechanics were compared, and calculated systolic stresses were largely insensitive to the chosen parameter set when an unloading algorithm was used. Meanwhile, material strain calculations varied substantially depending on the choice of material parameters. These results indicate that determining the correct material and unloaded configuration may be highly important to understand strain driven processes, but less so for calculating stress estimates.     

Relationship between myocardial bridge compression severity and haemodynamic perturbations

Objectives: This study aims to examine the alteration in coronary haemodynamics with increasing the severity of vessel compression caused by myocardial bridging (MB).

Methods: Angiography and intravascular ultrasound were performed in 10 patients with MB with varying severities of systolic compression in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. Computer models of MB were developed and transient computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed to derive distribution of blood residence time and shear stress.

Results: With increasing the severity of bridge compression, a decreasing trend was observed in the shear stress over proximal segment whereas an increasing trend was found in the shear stress over bridge segment. When patients were divided into 2 groups based on the average systolic vessel compression in the whole cohort (%CR_ave = 27.38), patients with bridges with major systolic compression (>%CR_ave) had smaller shear stress and higher residence time in the proximal segment compared to those with bridges with minor systolic compression (<%CR_ave) (0.37?±?0.23 vs 0.69?±?0.29?Pa and 0.0037?±?0.0069 vs 0.022?±?0.0094?s). In contrast, patients with bridges with major systolic compression had greater shear stress in the bridge segment compared to those with bridges with minor systolic compression (2.49?±?2.06 vs 1.13?±?0.89?Pa). No significant difference was found in the distal shear stress of patients with bridges with major and minor systolic compression.

Conclusion: Our findings revealed a direct relationship between the severity of systolic compression of MB and haemodynamic perturbations in the proximal segment such that the increased systolic vessel compression was associated with decreased shear stress and increased blood residence time.     

miRNA在心肌梗死中的作用及其机制研究进展

急性心肌梗死（AMI）是最常见的心血管事件,具有高发病率和高死亡率,严重威胁人类生命健康。微小RNA（miRNA）通过调节心肌细胞炎症、纤维化、细胞自噬及新生血管形成的表型机制发挥功能。本综述探讨了心肌梗死后miRNA上调及下调的分子机制,以及miRNA对心肌梗死早期诊断中的价值。     

脂肪来源干细胞治疗心肌梗死的现状及策略

急性心肌梗死是最常见的心血管疾病之一,由于冠状动脉供血不全导致心肌细胞大量坏死、生存微环境恶化,近期可发生心肌细胞机械-电生理功能紊乱,远期可导致心力衰竭。目前的临床治疗方法虽能在一定程度上改善心功能,减轻心室重塑,但由于心肌细胞再生能力有限,心脏功能难以完全恢复正常。近年来,脂肪来源干细胞移植治疗急性心肌梗死受到广泛关注,但由于移植后细胞的存留和存活率普遍较低,总体治疗效果并不理想。本文对目前脂肪来源干细胞治疗急性心肌梗死的现况及提高其疗效的途径和方法作一综述。     

SPECT心肌灌注显像对急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后疗效评估

目的:探讨用单光子发射型计算机断层(single photon emission computedtomography,SPECT)心肌灌注显像,评估心肌梗死(AMI)经冠脉介入治疗(PCI)后的心肌灌注疗效。方法:采用99mTc-tetrofosmin(P53)SPECT心肌灌注显像对54例行PCI治疗的AMI患者评估心肌灌注情况,并追踪记录6个月内心脏事件发生率。结果:SPECT显示无复流组22例,有复流组32例,两组心肌梗死患者近期预后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。无复流组不良事件发生率较有复流组有增加趋势;另外,急诊PCI组的预后明显好于择期PCI组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:SPECT心肌灌注显像可对AMI患者梗死相关血管(IRA)再通治疗疗效进行可靠的无创性评价。