猕猴桃种质资源保存及育种研究

收集保存猕猴桃属植物３５种或变种、变型,并将它们分为抗寒?喜凉、喜温３种类型。从保存的中华猕猴桃优株中系统选育出“武植２号”、“武植３号”２个优良品种。以中华猕猴桃为母本,毛花猕猴桃为父本进行种间杂交,从杂种Ｆ１代中培养出“江山娇”、“满天星”、“重瓣”３个具有园艺观赏价值的优良株系。这些研究工作为猕猴桃种质资源的保存及新品种的培育奠定了工作基础。     

生态环境对白芷产量质量的影响

生态环境对白芷产量质量的影响陈兴福,丁德蓉,刘岁荣,卢进,黄文秀（四川省中医药研究院药物种植研究所,南川６４８４０８）ＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＥｃｏ－ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｏｎＤａｈｕｒｉａｎＡｎｇｅｌｉｃａＹｉｅｌｄａｎｄＩｔｓＱｕａｌｉｔｙ￥ＣｈｅｎＸｉ...     

黄土丘陵沟壑区水平梯田改土培肥增产技术措施体系

黄土丘陵沟壑区水平梯田改土培肥增产技术措施体系刘东海赵廷宁（宁夏西吉县农业局７５６２００）（北京林业大学水土保持学院１０００８３）赵国杰（宁夏西吉县农业技术推广站７５６２００）ＴｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓｏｆＳｏｉｌＩｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔａｎｄＹｉｅｌｄＩｎ...     

喀喇昆仑、昆仑山地区植物元素含量的区域分异和数量分析

对喀喇昆仑、昆仑山地区87种植物21个元素含量及区域分异的研究表明,Ca、Cr、Cd、Fe、V含量比高等植物含量偏高,Ph、P的含量偏低。同种植物在不同地点元素含量有差异。盐柴荒漠植物中Na、K、Mg、P含量较高;高山草甸、冰缘植被植物Ba、Ca、Fe、V、Ti含量较高。各植被类型植物元素含量Na/K差异最大,Ca/Mg较小,Fe/Al差异最小。其变异系数分别为153.5、20.5和15.9.%     

Male and female contributions to heterosis in lifetime performance of mice

Summary Six straightbred lines of mice, some of their F₁ crosses and a synthetic line were used to evaluate male and female contributions to heterosis in lifetime performance measured on females. Females from each straightbred line or F₁ crosses were pair-mated randomly at day 42 with either a male of the corresponding genetic group or from a synthetic line, and pairs were maintained for 155 days (lifetime). Each mother was allowed to rear all young born alive until day 18 when the young were discarded. Data were analyzed using a model in which the group mean of lifetime performance was expressed as the sum of (additive direct) genetic and environmental effects for each of the male and female genetic groups used for mating. Comparison of group means for lifetime performance revealed that estimates of F₁ heterosis due to male and female averaged 10 and 9% for number of parturitions during lifetime, 7 and 28% for total number of young born alive, 6 and 31% for total body weight of young born alive, 8 and 33% for total number of young raised to day 18, 9 and 43% for total body weight of young raised to weaning, and 8 and 8% for days from first mating to last parturition. The male's contribution to heterosis in lifetime performance was smaller than female's contribution for productive traits (total number of young born alive and at day 18, and total body weight of young born alive and at day 18), and was nearly equal in reproductive traits (number of parturitions during lifetime and days from first mating to last parturition).Animal Research Centre Contribution No. 1098     

A versatile gel casting cum electrophoresis apparatus

A simple apparatus for vertical.,in situ, polyacrylamide or agarose gel casting as well as for the subsequent electrophoresis is described. The apparatus is completely leakproof and does not require any special device like clamps, O-rings, gaskets, grease etc. for sealing. Slab gels of various thickness (0.04 to 1.0 cm) can be made and the apparatus can be used for analytical or preparative purposes. Gel rods can also be cast and run in the device. Forward as well as reverse polarity electrophoresis of a sample can be run simultaneously in the apparatus. NCL Communication No.: 3077.     

Aortal collagen polymorphism in monkey and man

Aortal collagen typing in monkey and man showed the presence of types I, HI and V in human aorta and types I and III in monkey aorta. Type III collagen was found to be a predominate type in both species. The molecular weight of type III collagen was similar in these species while type I collagen was different. Both monkey and human collagen types I and III were found to be immunogenic. Type I collagen was significantly increased while type III was decreased in human atherosclerotic plaque. Collagen typing in fatty streak remained unaltered.     

Changes in profiles of serum sex steroids of male buffaloes from birth to maturity

Age-related changes in testosterone, progesterone and estradiol 17-beta were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in the serum of 155 male buffalo calves of varying ages. The calves were classified into 17 age groups. The mean weight of calves increased from 33.6 +/- 9.6 kg at one week of age to 531 +/- 41.4 kg at 42 months. The testosterone levels were less than 100 pg/ml from birth until 15 months of age, followed by peak concentrations of 422 +/- 79 pg/ml at 24 to 30 months and 793 +/- 193 pg/ml at 42 to 48 months (corresponding to puberty and maturity, respectively). The progesterone levels were higher in newly born calves and mature bulls. Otherwise, the levels continued to be low throughout the period of growth and development. Estradiol 17-beta was significantly higher in postnatal calves up to two months of age. The testosterone revealed a positive correlation with weight and age while E2 17-beta showed a negative correlation with age. These results do not support a direct role of peripheral progesterone and estradiol 17-beta in the onset of puberty and sexual maturity of buffalo bulls.     

Calcium in fungi

Abstract. Recently much experimental evidence has accumulated concerning intracellular calcium and its fundamental role as a regulator in eukaryotic cells. The literature relating to Ca²⁺ in fungi is large and diverse and this paper draws together the available information and discusses the particular functions of the ion in this group of organisms.
Uptake mechanisms in fungi are considered with special reference to the effect of Ca²⁺ on permeability and the systems responsible for transport of ions, sugars and amino acids. Discussion of the subcellular locations and distribution of Ca²⁺ is accompanied by a critique of methodology used in determination of subcellular sites of Ca²⁺ in fungi. The role of Ca²⁺ in morphogenesis in fungi is considered with particular reference to selected groups.     

Photodynamic herbicides: 1. Concept and phenomenology

A new approach to the design of conceptually and phenomenologically new herbicides is described. It involves the joint utilization of tetrapyrrole precursors, such as δ-aminolaevulinic acid (a biodegradable amino acid) and activators of the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway, such as 2,2′-dipyridyl, in order to induce treated plants to biosynthesize and accumulate massive amounts of tetrapyrrole intermediates of the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway in the dark (i.e. at night). During the subsequent light period (daylight) the accumulated tetrapyrroles act as potent photodynamic sensitiziers, which in turn result in the death of susceptible plants in a matter of hours. We have therefore proposed to name herbicides that act via this mechanism as photodynamic herbicides, or more pictorially as laser herbicides. From a limited survey of agricultural plant and weed species it appears that photodynamic herbicides exhibit a very pronounced organ, age and species-dependent selectivity. For example, dicotyledonous weeds such as mustard, red-root pigweed, common purslane and lambsquarter are very susceptible while monocotyledonous plants such as corn, wheat, barley and oats are not. The biochemical basis of this selectivity seems to lie, among other things, in the rates of tetrapyrrole turnover and in a differential enhancement by the applied chemicals of the monovinyl and divinyl tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathways in the various species. A survey of various groups of chemicals (herbicides and other selected biochemicals) that are likely to exhibit photodynamic herbicidal properties is currently under investigation.