Survival of Chromatium vinosum at low light intensities

The effect of low irradiation on the viability of Chromatium vinosum was investigated. Cultures were precultivated at 1,000 lux (=0.1/h). Then, before the substrate was depleted, illumination was changed to either complete darkness or about 30 lux. Previously, the latter light intensity had been found not to promote growth.The parameters assayed were viability, protein, bacteriochlorophyll, ATP, RNA, DNA, absorbance (E ₂₆₀) of the supernatant, and total anthron-positive material.The data show that irradiation insufficiently high to promote growth, results in viability percentages as high as 90% after 8 days, whereas cultures incubated in complete darkness are virtually dead by then. Neither in the light nor in the dark a degradation of protein or cell wall hexoses was observed. The RNA content also remained constant. However, particularly in the dark cultures DNA was found to decrease concomitant with increased E ₂₆₀ readings of the supernatant. It is considered unlikely that such essential macromolecules are degraded to serve the maintenance energy requirements. The ecological impact of the observations is discussed.Non-Standard Abbreviations PHB poly--hydroxybutyric acid - Bchl Bacteriochlorophyll     

Energy requirements for growth and maintenance of Scenedesmus protuberans Fritsch in light-limited continuous cultures

Scenedesmus protuberans Fritsch was grown in light-limited continuous cultures with a light-dark cycle, at temperatures of 20° and 28° C. At 20° irradiances of 12 and 38 W m^–2 were used, at 28° 38 W m^–2.The relationships between growth rate and light uptake rate were of diphasic linear character. With the lower growth rates the relationships were defined with the parameters _e , i.e. the specific maintenance rate constant, and c, the true efficiency of light energy conversion into biomass. The _e -value was dependent on temperature, the c on irradiance.In cultures, incubated in prolonged darkness, decrease rates of biomass were comparable to the derived _e -values.Both diphasic linear relationships between growth rate and light uptake rate and the same order of magnitude of _e -values could be derived from literature data on other green algae.     

Growth and energy production in Bacteroides amylophilus

The molar growth yield (Y _m) of Bacteroides amylophilus strain WP91 on maltose was 68±2 g/mol when determined from batch cultures at the peaks of maximal growth. Continued incubation led to considerable cell lysis. When calculated from batch cultures in exponential phase (specific growth rate, =0.57 h^-1) Y _m was 101 g/mol. The maximum value of Y _m in maltose-limited chemostat cultures at the maximum dilution rate (D) attainable (D==0.39 h^-1) was about 79 g/mol. Ammonia-Fmited chemostat cultures metabolized maltose with a much reduced efficiency and this was associated with a difference in morphology and chemical composition of the cells. The theoretical maximum molar growth yields (Y _m ^max ) were 55 and 114 g/mol for ammonia- and maltose-limited growth respectively. However, if account was taken of extracellular nitrogen-containing material in ammonia-limited cultures, Y _m ^max became 60. The maintenance coefficient (m _s), estimated from the lines relating the specific rate of maltose consumption (q _m) and D (where m _s=q _m at D=0), was 7.4±0.6×10^-4 mol maltose/g x h for both nutrient limitations. A difference in maintenance energy demand, independent of growth-rate, could not account, therefore, for the observed differences in Y _m between ammonia- and maltose-limited growth.     

丹参多酚酸盐对维持性血液透析患者残余肾功能与钙磷代谢的影响

目的:探讨丹参多酚酸盐对维持性血液透析患者残余肾功能与钙磷代谢的影响。方法:2014年1月-2019年5月选择在本院肾内科就诊的终末期肾病患者72例,根据随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组各36例。所有患者都给予维持性血液透析治疗,在此基础上观察组给予丹参多酚酸盐治疗,持续3个月,记录残余肾功能与钙磷代谢变化情况。结果:治疗后观察组的总有效率为97.2%,高于对照组的83.3%(P<0.05)。两组治疗后的24 h尿量、肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)、血清转化生长因子β1(Transforming growth factorβ1,TGF-β1)和白介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)低于治疗前,观察组也低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗后的血钙值高于治疗前,观察组也高于对照组;两组治疗后的血磷值低于治疗前,观察组也低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:丹参多酚酸盐在维持性血液透析患者中的应用有利于残余肾功能的恢复,调节钙磷代谢平衡,抑制炎症因子的表达,从而提高治疗效果。     

糖尿病肾病与非糖尿病肾病维持性血液透析患者血钙、血磷及甲状旁腺激素水平的分析

目的：探讨糖尿病肾病（diabtic nephropgthy,DN）与非糖尿病肾病（non-DN）维持性血液透析患者（maintenance hemodialysis,MHD）血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素（intact parathyroid hormone,iPTH）水平的差异;分析其血钙、血磷、iPTH和糖化血红蛋白（glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c）水平的相关性。方法：选择沈阳军区总医院血液透析中心收治的148例MHD患者,分为糖尿病组（58例）和非糖尿病组（90例）,比较两组间血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素水平的差异,并分析其血钙、血磷、iPTH、HbA1c水平的相关性。结果：糖尿病组iPTH、血磷水平均明显低于非糖尿病组（P〈0.05）,两组血钙水平比较无明显差异。在非DN组中,iPTH与血钙水平呈显著负相关（r=-0.320,P=0.036）,iPTH与血磷水平呈明显正相关（r=0.426,P=0.005）。在DN组中,iPTH与血钙、血磷无显著相关性,而iPTH与HbA1C水平呈显著负相关（r=-0.732,P=0.007）。结论：糖尿病肾病血液透析患者的iPTH水平和血磷水平明显低于非糖尿病肾病血液透析患者,HbA1c可能抑制iPTH的分泌。     

肠道微生物对肠道屏障功能完整性的维护机制研究概况

肠道微生物群是一个稳定且复杂的生态系统,可以通过形成菌膜屏障或促进肠道上皮细胞增殖分化等方式形成保护屏障,并在肠道病原菌感染和威胁期间维持和促进免疫稳态中起积极作用。本文重点叙述宿主-肠道微生物相互作用过程中抗病原菌感染的方式,以及肠道微生物参与合成抗菌化合物抵御肠道病原菌入侵和威胁的机制,为调控肠道微生物解决临床胃肠道疾病及其相关症状提供理论参考依据。     

倒置双光子显微镜的使用与维护

双光子激发荧光显微是一种非线性光学显微技术,它结合了激光扫描共聚焦显微镜和双光子激发技术,具有高时空分辨率、高信噪比和固有的三维层析分辨能力等优点。介绍了双光子显微镜的软硬件组成和技术参数,样品制备方法,双光子图像采集的常用操作规程,日常维护和仪器管理等方面。旨在为双光子仪器的使用者与管理者提供参考,使之更好地服务于教学与科研。     

二态混合交配系统的适合度优势及其维持机制研究进展

由开花受精花(chasmogamous, CH)和闭花受精花(cleistogamous, CL)构成的二态混合交配系统植物有着特殊的繁殖策略, 对其进行深入研究有助于理解植物交配系统的维持机制、进化趋势以及植物对环境变化的应对策略。本文综述了国内外关于CH-CL系统两型花研究的文献资料, 包括非生物因素和生物因素对该繁育系统两型花的生长、发育及相对比例的影响, 两型花的维持机制及进化意义, 阐明了CH-CL系统的研究现状及科学问题, 重点评述了基于近年来对CH-CL系统研究成果的新认识。作者提出, 精确地检测两种花型的后代在异质生境下以及在生活史的不同阶段的适合度差异是十分必要的; 微环境(种子的散布模式及位置效应)对两型花种子萌发和子代生长发育的影响非常重要; 两型花表达的时空差异(即开花模式及对异质生境的敏感性差异)的表达机制可能与内源激素的水平变化相关; 对于多年生具CL系统植物来说, 不同性质、不同来源的后代在居群中的分布式样及对居群遗传结构的影响很可能是该系统维持的重要机制。因此, 深入研究和科学认识二态混合交配系统对认识整个植物界繁育系统的进化有十分重要的意义。     

槐杞黄颗粒联合CCLG-ALL2008方案对急性淋巴细胞白血病维持期患儿的临床研究

摘要 目的：探讨槐杞黄颗粒联合CCLG-ALL2008方案治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）维持期患儿的临床疗效。方法：选择2017年5月~2019年3月期间我院收治的62例ALL维持期患儿,采用随机数字表法将患儿分为对照组（CCLG-ALL2008方案治疗,n=31）和研究组（槐杞黄颗粒联合CCLG-ALL2008方案治疗,n=31）。观察两组临床症状情况、血清炎症因子和免疫球蛋白水平、T淋巴细胞亚群的变化,同时记录两组不良反应发生率。结果：研究组平均白细胞水平高于对照组,感染发作次数少于对照组,抗生素使用时间短于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗后CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺高于对照组,CD8⁺低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗后免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）高于对照组（P<0.05）。对照组、研究组患儿治疗后免疫球蛋白M（IgM）组内对比,无统计学差异（P>0.05）。研究组治疗后C反应蛋白（CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、降钙素原（PCT）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应总发生率对比,无显著性差异（P>0.05）。结论：槐杞黄颗粒联合CCLG-ALL2008方案治疗ALL维持期患儿,可减轻患儿炎症反应,提高其免疫功能,减少感染发作次数,缩短抗生素使用时间,安全有效。     

Sink-limitation and the size-number trade-off of organs: production of organs using a fixed amount of reserves

To analyze the nature of size-number trade-off of organs, we develop models in which the effects of sink-limitation in the growth of organs and the loss of resources by maintenance respiration are taken into consideration. In these models, the resource absorption rate of an organ is proportional to either its absolute size or its surface area and either the initial size of an organ or the total initial size of the organs produced is fixed. In all models, organs are produced using a fixed amount of reserved resources and no additional resources become newly available for their growth. We theoretically show that size-number trade-offs are nonlinear if the resource absorption rate of an organ is proportional to the absolute size of the organ and the initial size of the individual organs is fixed or if the resource absorption rate of an organ is proportional to the surface area of the organ. In these nonlinear size-number trade-offs, the size of individual organs increases less rapidly than in linear trade-offs with a decrease in the number of organs and the total size of organs is an increasing function of the number of organs produced. This implies that increasing the number of organs produced is advantageous in terms of resource-use efficiency. In contrast, size-number trade-off is linear if the resource absorption rate of an organ is proportional to the absolute size of the organ and there is a linear trade-off between the initial size of organs and their number. To exemplify the effects of those size-number trade-offs on the life-history evolution, we calculate the optimal offspring sizes that maximize the number of offspring successfully being established. In the case of nonlinear size-number trade-offs, the optimal offspring sizes are smaller than the optimal offspring size in the case of linear size-number trade-offs, namely, that in the model of Smith and Fretwell (1974). Our optimal offspring size depends on the metabolism of organ development; the optimal offspring size decreases with an increase in maintenance respiration rate relative to the growth coefficient of organs.