毛竹的异质性空间点格局分析

毛竹是一种重要的经济用材,研究其空间分布格局有益于对其空间发生进行预测。选取了一块空间肥量分布不均的毛竹样地,使用异质性空间点格局分析方法对毛竹的空间分布进行了研究,结果发现毛竹在给定的距离尺度下呈现出显著的泊松分布,而并不是聚集分布。同时选用二元二次方程拟合观察的数据,发现对毛竹强度的拟合优度较高。研究揭示出异质性空间环境中毛竹的分布特点,潜在地表明土壤肥量的空间分布对毛竹空间分布的影响,对毛竹的集约化经营具有重要的指导意义;同时,鉴于国内生态研究中较少采用异质性空间点格局分析方法,研究对于推动这种方法在国内生态学研究中的普及还具有一定的参考价值。     

The responses of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla var. pubescens) forest aboveground biomass to Landsat TM spectral reflectance and NDVI

Bamboo is a special forest type in subtropical regions of china. Its huge biomass and carbon storage and its ecological function play an important role in global carbon sink. In this paper, Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla var. pubescens) forest in Anji county, Zhejiang province, China was selected to examine the relationships between Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data, and aboveground biomass (AGB, Kg), This research indicates that (1) near infrared (TM4) and mid-infrared bands (TM5,TM7) are more important in explaining Moso bamboo AGB than the visible bands. In particular, TM band5 has higher path coefficient with AGB than any other TM bands, implying its important role in explaining Moso bamboo AGB; (2) the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has weak correlation with Moso bamboo AGB, however, other vegetable indices such as Perpendicular Vegetation Index (PVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI), and Soil Adjust Vegetation Index (SAVI) which are related to soil adjustment parameters are significantly correlated with Moso bamboo AGB; (3) the new vegetation index developed in this paper is significantly correlated with Moso bamboo AGB (correlation coefficient is 0.48), and has higher correlation coefficient (R) than any other selected vegetation indices, implying that this new vegetation index can better explain Moso bamboo AGB than any other vegetation indices.     

竹笋深加工及其功能活性研究进展

竹笋是一种高蛋白、低脂肪、富纤维的食品.本文综述了竹笋膳食纤维、活性多糖、含氮化合物等深加工产品的制备方法,比较了不同方法对竹笋深加工产品纯度、得率、功能活性等方面的影响;对竹笋改善肠功能、抗氧化、调节血脂血糖、消炎抗肿等方面的功能活性进行了论述;分析了目前竹笋深加工过程中存在的问题,对今后研究的方向、重点和趋势进行了展望.     

毛竹林地上部分生物量遥感估算模型的可移植性

选择浙江省内临安、安吉、龙泉3个毛竹产区为研究区域,基于野外调查数据和Landsat 5 TM影像,分别建立3个区域的毛竹林生物量遥感估算模型,包括一元线性模型、一元非线性模型、逐步回归模型、多元线性模型和Erf-BP神经网络模型,并对3个区域的模型进行评价;最后,选择精度较好的模型进行移植并对其可移植性进行分析.结果表明:在3个区域,Eff-BP神经网络模型精度均最高,逐步回归模型和一元非线性模型次之.Erf-BP神经网络模型的可移植性最佳.模型类型和模型自变量对统计模型的可移植性有较大影响.     

福建省毛竹主要害虫天敌名录

本文报道了福建省毛竹主要害虫天敌资源调查结果,共查明天敌9目32科102种。其中昆虫纲螳螂目1科3种,半翅目1科5种,双翅目2科2种,脉翅目1科2种,蛇蛉目1科1种,鞘翅目4科9种,膜翅目14科37种;蛛形纲蜱螨目5科40种,蜘蛛目3科3种。     

Population structure of montane bamboo and causes of its decline in Echuya Central Forest Reserve, South West Uganda

Montane bamboo is of immense importance to the people living adjacent to Echuya Forest Reserve. It is used for building poles, bean-staking and basket weaving. The bamboo in Uganda occurs mostly in protected areas. Over the past 50 years, the bamboo forest cover has been declining. This study aimed at determining bamboo density and distribution and the possible causes of its decline within Echuya. We used exploratory inventories, bamboo assessment plots and village interviews to determine bamboo population structure and possible causes of its decline in Echuya. Bamboo forest decline in Echuya may be blamed on several factors that interplay together. Poor harvest methods especially during the clear cutting of bamboo for bean-stakes and stakes for house wefts seems to be the remote cause of the bamboo forest decline. Other causes for the bamboo forest decline are damages caused by insect borers and climber loads on the bamboo stems. The remote causes have been exacerbated by the invasion of secondary forest tree species such as Macaranga kilimandscharica that have slowly taken over areas previously occupied by the bamboo forest. Seventy per cent of the local people interviewed agree that over-harvesting of bamboo is the major reason for its decline.     

Linking Laboratory and Field Approaches in Studying the Evolutionary Physiology of Biting in Bamboo Lemurs

A realistic understanding of primate morphological adaptations requires a multidisciplinary approach including experimental studies of physiological performance and field studies documenting natural behaviors and reproductive success. For primate feeding, integrative efforts combining experimental and ecological approaches are rare. We discuss methods for collecting maximum bite forces in the field as part of an integrated ecomorphological research design. Specifically, we compare maximum biting ability in 3 sympatric bamboo lemurs (Hapalemur simus, H. aureus, and H. griseus) at Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar to determine if biting performance contributes to the observed partitioning of a shared bamboo diet. We assessed performance by recording maximum bite forces via jaw-muscle stimulations in anesthetized subjects from each species. Behavioral observations and food properties testing show that the largest species, Hapalemur simus, consumes the largest and most mechanically challenging foods. Our results suggest that Hapalemur simus can generate larger bite forces on average than those of the 2 smaller species. However, the overlap in maximum biting ability between Hapalemur simus and H. aureus indicates that biting performance cannot be the sole factor driving dietary segregation. Though maximum bite force does not fully explain dietary segregation, we hypothesize that size-related increases in both maximum bite force and jaw robusticity provide Hapalemur simus with an improved ability to process routinely its more obdurate diet. We demonstrate the feasibility of collecting physiological, ecological, and morphological data on the same free-ranging primates in their natural habitats. Integrating traditionally laboratory-based approaches with field studies broadens the range of potential primate species for physiological research and fosters improved tests of hypothesized feeding adaptations.     

大熊猫栖息地亚高山针叶林结构和动态特征

亚高山针叶林是大熊猫适宜的栖息环境 ,其结构和动态规律严重影响大熊猫的生存和繁衍及其进化潜力的维持 ,是恢复退化大熊猫栖息地的唯一科学依据。通过样方法和中心点四分法调查了大熊猫栖息地 4个亚高山针叶林样地和该样地所在森林的 6 2个林窗 ,研究了该类森林的结构及其更新与大熊猫主食竹生长、林窗干扰的关系 ,以期揭示亚高山针叶林的动态规律 ,为大熊猫栖息地的恢复提供科学依据。研究结果表明 :岷江冷杉 Abies faxoniana和紫果云杉 Picea purpurea是亚高山针叶林的主体 ,其所构成的森林是大熊猫重要的栖息环境。岷江冷杉种群年龄呈现连续分布格局 ,而紫果云杉种群年龄呈间歇性分布 ,其在 2 5 0～ 5 0 0 a之间没有更新。该类森林中普遍存在着林窗干扰和更新现象 ,90 %的林窗下分布有岷江冷杉和紫果云杉更新的幼苗、幼树和大树。但林窗内不同树种更新密度不同 :岷江冷杉更新幼苗、幼树和大树占所有更新树种的 82 .5 % ,而紫果云杉和糙皮桦的更新幼苗、幼树和大树占 11.3%。岷江冷杉和紫果云杉的更新同时受林下大熊猫主食竹生长状况的影响 :主食竹盖度高 ,更新树种幼苗、幼树的密度低 ,即主食竹的生长抑制了岷江冷杉和紫果云杉的更新。     

人乳头瘤病毒-6 L1蛋白B-细胞优势表位作为多肽疫苗的研究

本研究分析了人乳头瘤病毒-6型L1外壳蛋白之B-细胞优势表位,并拟以此为基础制作表位多肽疫苗。研究中采用Goldkey和PC／Gene软件系统综合分析HPV6之L1蛋白B-细胞优势表位后,Fmoc固相合成表位多肽,通过HPLC纯化和毛细管电泳分析其纯度。与佐剂完全乳化后,免疫小鼠,进行动物水平的免疫效果评价。取免疫小鼠血清,与HPV-6 DNA阳性的尖锐湿疣患者疣体组织上清液结合,以鉴定免疫小鼠所产生抗体的特异性。发现L1蛋白第425-439位和第486-500位具有较高的免疫原性,可明显诱导小鼠血清抗体滴度升高,且该抗体与人尖锐湿疣疣体组织上清液呈阳性反应。说明所选这两个肽段为HPV6之L1蛋白的B-细胞优势表位,但诱导产生的抗体是否具有功能特异性,正在做进一步研究。