四君子汤对实验性脾虚小鼠肠道菌群的影响

本文报道了四君子汤对脾虚小鼠肠道内与人类关系密切的主要菌群的影响。用大量大黄水煎液灌胃给予小鼠,造成实验性脾虚模型,引起小鼠肠道内菌群紊乱,其中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌菌量均下降,与对照组小鼠相比具有显著性差异。当小鼠服用四君子汤后,双歧杆菌,乳杆菌均上升至正常值水平。四君子汤对拟杆菌数量也有一定的影响。本研究表明,四君子汤对小鼠肠道菌群的失调具有调节功能,对脾虚小鼠的康复具有一定的促进作用。     

Antibacterial activity of plant extracts from northwestern Argentina

AIMS: To determine the antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of northwestern Argentinian plants used in folk medicine. To compare the mentioned activities with those of five commercial antibiotics. To identify the compounds responsible for the antibacterial activity. METHODS AND RESULTS: Plant extracts were prepared according to traditional uses in northwestern Argentina. Antibacterial activity was assayed by agar dilution in Petri dishes and broth dilution in 96-well plates. Lethal dose 50 (LD(50)) was determined by the Artemia salina assay. Phytochemical analysis was performed by sample adsorption on silica gel, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), bioautography and UV-visible spectra. The results showed that Tripodanthus acutifolius aqueous extracts have lower minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) (502 and 506 microg of extracted material (EM) per ml for infusion and decoction, respectively) than cefotaxim MIC (640 microg ml(-1)) against Acinetobacterfreundii (303). These data were lower than their LD(50). Tripodanthus acutifolius tincture showed lower MIC (110 microg of EM per ml) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) (220 microg of EM per ml) than cefotaxim (MIC and MBC of 320 microg ml(-1)) for Pseudomonasaeruginosa. This extract also showed a MIC/MBC of 110/220 microg of EM per ml, lower than oxacillin (MIC/MBC of 160/220 microg ml(-1)) for Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). The cytotoxicity of all extracts were compared with that of commercial antibiotics. Rutin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone 3-beta-rhamnosilglucoside), iso-quercitrin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone 3-beta-glucoside) and a terpene would be partially responsible for the antibacterial activity of T. acutifolius infusion. CONCLUSIONS: Tripodanthus acutifolius extracts had the ability to inhibit bacterial growth. The antibacterial activity differs with the applied extractive method, and it could be partially attributed to glycoflavonoids. This paper contributes to the knowledge of antibacterial capacity of plants from northwestern Argentina. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: These antibacterial activities support further studies to discover new chemical structures that can contribute to alleviate or cure some illnesses.     

基于HPLC-DAD技术对大鼠灌胃八珍汤后尿液样品处理方法的研究

对大鼠口服八珍汤后的尿液样品预处理方法进行多样性考察,以减少尿液样品中内源性杂质干扰,富集来源于八珍汤的化学成分,为八珍汤体内代谢产物的多样性分析奠定基础.分别采用水饱和的正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、SPE小柱固相萃取法对空白尿液和含药尿液进行处理,然后使用高效液相对各样品进行成分分析,通过对比经过各方法优化的尿液色谱图,确定含八珍汤的尿液样品的最佳处理方法,并据此进一步考察确定尿液的最佳收集时间段.通过分析各液相色谱图发现,在大鼠口服八珍汤后4～8h时间段内,采用SPE小柱固相萃取法纯化的尿液样品出峰效果最好,数目最多.从而确定了含八珍汤的大鼠尿液的最优纯化方法为SPE小柱固相萃取法,最佳收集时间段为4～8h.     

不同浓度血府逐瘀汤含药血清对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的影响

目的观察不同浓度血府逐瘀汤含药血清对大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞（VSMCs）增殖、迁移及侵袭的影响,以及其生成一氧化氮（NO）的情况。方法用MTT法观察VSMCs的增殖,Transwell小室法观察VSMCs的迁移、侵袭,并检测培养上清液一氧化氮（NO）的含量。结果与空白对照组比较,5%血府逐瘀汤组能显著促进VSMCs的增殖（P〈0.05）,20%,30%血府逐瘀汤组能显著抑制VSMCs的增殖（P〈0.05）;与空白对照组比较,培养48 h的培养上清液中,血府逐瘀汤组的NO水平有显著升高（P〈0.01）,且与血府逐瘀汤含药血清的浓度有剂量依赖关系。结论低浓度（〈10%）血府逐瘀汤含药血清有促进VASMCs增殖和迁移、侵袭的作用,高浓度（〉10%）血府逐瘀汤含药血清有抑制VASMCs增殖、迁移和侵袭的作用,其作用可能与上清液的NO水平有关。     

微生物发酵四君子汤制剂对荷瘤小鼠抗氧化功能的影响

目的探讨微生物发酵四君子汤制剂(FSJZD)对荷瘤小鼠抗氧化能力的影响。方法通过建立小鼠S180肿瘤模型,分别采用黄嘌呤法、硫代巴比妥酸法、硝酸还原酶法检测血清中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和一氧化氮(NO)含量,研究FSJZD的抗氧化能力。结果 FSJZD可显著升高荷瘤小鼠及CTX治疗荷瘤小鼠所致免疫抑制模型血清中的SOD水平,明显降低CTX所致免疫抑制小鼠血清中NO和MDA含量。结论 FSJZD能够显著提高荷瘤机体的抗氧化能力、降低化疗对机体产生的危害作用。     

Characterization of the multiple absorbed constituents in rats after oral administration of Chai-Huang decoction by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry

A rapid, sensitive, and specific method by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to diode‐array detection (DAD) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS) techniques was developed for the identification of absorbed constituents and their metabolites in rats after the oral administration of a Chai‐Huang decoction (CHD), which consists of Bupleurum chinense and Scutellaria baicalensis in the proportion 1 : 1 (w/w). By comparing their retention times and MS data with those of authentic compounds and published data, a total of 14 compounds were identified in the CHD samples. In addition, eleven and seven compounds were characterized in the urine and serum samples of the rats, respectively. The results indicated that the main absorbed constituents were chrysin‐6‐C‐arabinosyl‐8‐C‐glucoside, chrysin‐6‐C‐glucosyl‐8‐C‐arabinoside, baicalin, wogonin‐5‐O‐glucoside, oroxylin A‐7‐O‐glucuronide, wogonoside, saikosaponin A, saikosaponin C, saikosaponin D, baicalein, and wogonin. These compounds might be responsible for the curative effects of the CHD. The findings demonstrated that the proposed method could be used to rapidly and simultaneously analyze and screen the multiple absorbed bioactive constituents in a formula of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). This is very important not only for the pharmaceutical discovery process and the quality control of crude drugs but also to explain the mechanisms of action of TCM.     

益肾化瘀汤对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾功能及外周血腺苷脱氨酶表达的影响

摘要 目的：研究益肾化瘀汤对糖尿病肾病（diabetic kidney disease, DKD）大鼠肾功能及外周血腺苷脱氨酶（adenosine deaminase, ADA）表达的影响。方法：将30只大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组和治疗组,每组10只。模型组和治疗组均建立DKD模型,治疗组给予益肾化瘀汤治疗30 d。分别于给药后的第1 d、第10 d、第20 d和第30 d检测各组大鼠的血糖水平、肾功能指标和血清ADA的表达水平,HE染色观察肾组织病理学变化。结果：模型组大鼠出现多饮多尿体重减轻的糖尿病症状,治疗组在给予益肾化瘀汤后上述症状均有所好转。模型组和治疗组的空腹血糖值（fasting blood glucose,FBG）水平均显著高于空白组（P＜0.05）,自第10 d开始治疗组大鼠FBG水平显著低于模型组（P＜0.05）。模型组和治疗组大鼠血清肌酐（serum creatinine, SCr）和血尿素氮（blood urea nitrogen, BUN）的表达水平显著高于空白组（P＜0.05）,自第10 d开始治疗组大鼠的Scr和BUN显著低于模型组（P＜0.05）。模型组和治疗组大鼠血清ADA的表达水平显著高于空白组（P＜0.05）,自第10 d开始治疗组大鼠ADA的表达显著低于模型组（P＜0.05）。结论：益肾化瘀汤可显著改善DKD大鼠的血糖水平、肾功能及血清ADA表达水平,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Identification of species and materia medica within Angelica L. (Umbelliferae) based on phylogeny inferred from DNA barcodes

DNA barcodes have been increasingly used in authentication of medicinal plants, while their wide application in materia medica is limited in their accuracy due to incomplete sampling of species and absence of identification for materia medica. In this study, 95 leaf accessions of 23 species (including one variety) and materia medica of three Pharmacopoeia‐recorded species of Angelica in China were collected to evaluate the effectiveness of four DNA barcodes (rbcL, matK, trnH‐psbA and ITS). Our results showed that ITS provided the best discriminatory power by resolving 17 species as monophyletic lineages without shared alleles and exhibited the largest barcoding gap among the four single barcodes. The phylogenetic analysis of ITS showed that Levisticum officinale and Angelica sinensis were sister taxa, which indicates that L. officinale should be considered as a species of Angelica. The combination of ITS + rbcL + matK + trnH‐psbA performed slight better discriminatory power than ITS, recovering 23 species without shared alleles and 19 species as monophyletic clades in ML tree. Authentication of materia medica using ITS revealed that the decoction pieces of A. sinensis and A. biserrata were partially adulterated with those of L. officinale, and the temperature around 80 °C processing A. dahurica decoction pieces obviously reduced the efficiency of PCR and sequencing. The examination of two cultivated varieties of A. dahurica from different localities indicated that the four DNA barcodes are inefficient for discriminating geographical authenticity of conspecific materia medica. This study provides an empirical paradigm in identification of medicinal plants and their materia medica using DNA barcodes.     

柴半六合汤对慢性肾衰竭模型大鼠血清胃泌素、胃动素及生长抑素的影响(英文)

目的:观察柴半六合汤对慢性肾衰竭(CRF)模型大鼠血清胃泌素(GAS)、胃动素(MTL)、生长抑素(SS)水平的影响,探讨其作用机制。方法:采用5/6肾切除的方法复制CRF大鼠模型,设立假手术组、模型组、柴半六合汤高剂量组、低剂量组、尿毒清对照组,检测血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、胃泌素(GAS)、胃动素(MTL)及生长抑素(SS),取胃粘膜行HE染色,光镜下观察其组织病理变化。结果:用药各组大鼠治疗后Scr、BUN低于模型组;柴半六合汤高剂量组大鼠Scr、BUN、GAS、MTL低于低剂量组、SS高于低剂量组;柴半六合汤高、低剂量组大鼠GAS、MTL低于尿毒清对照组、SS高于尿毒清对照组。结论:柴半六合汤通过降低CRF模型大鼠GAS、MTL水平、SS升高水平,改善胃肠道症状。