秋葵籽油对高强度运动所致肝损伤的保护作用

本研究考察了秋葵籽油对高强度运动所致肝损伤的保护作用及机制。研究显示,对昆明小鼠灌胃不同剂量(10 mg/kg,20 mg/kg和50 mg/kg)的秋葵籽油4周后,秋葵籽油以剂量依赖性方式提高了小鼠的力竭游泳时间(p<0.05)。秋葵籽油降低了小鼠血清乳酸和尿素氮水平,并升高了血清游离脂肪酸和肝糖原水平(p<0.05)。秋葵籽油以剂量依赖性方式提高了小鼠肝脏组织中SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活性,并抑制了MDA的合成(p<0.05)。秋葵籽油抑制了力竭游泳诱导的小鼠血清CK、AST和ALT水平及肝脏组织NO水平的升高(p<0.05)。此外,苏木精和伊红(HE)染色证实了秋葵籽油减轻了力竭游泳诱导的肝脏病理改变。因此,本研究初步结论表明,在高强度运动过程中,秋葵籽油可通过抑制乳酸和尿素氮的积累、增加脂肪动员、降低糖原消耗、减弱氧化应激损伤等多种途径来对肝脏发挥保护作用。     

A single-institutional experience with low dose stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver metastases

AimThis study reports a single-institutional experience treating liver metastases with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).Materials and methods107 patients with 169 lesions were assessed to determine factors predictive for local control, radiographic response, and overall survival (OS). Machine learning techniques, univariate analysis, and the Kaplan-Meier method were utilized.ResultsPatients were treated with a relatively low median dose of 30 Gy in 3 fractions. Fractions were generally delivered once weekly. Median biologically effective dose (BED) was 60 Gy, and the median gross tumor volume (GTV) was 12.16 cc. Median follow-up was 7.36 months. 1-year local control was 75% via the Kaplan-Meier method. On follow-up imaging, 43%, 40%, and 17% of lesions were decreased, stable, and increased in size, respectively. 1-year OS was 46% and varied by primary tumor, with median OS of 34.3, 25.1, 12.5, and 4.6 months for ovarian, breast, colorectal, and lung primary tumors, respectively. Breast and ovarian primary patients had better OS (p < 0.0001), and lung primary patients had worse OS (p = 0.032). Higher BED values, the number of hepatic lesions, and larger GTV were not predictive of local control, radiographic response, or OS. 21% of patients suffered from treatment toxicity, but no grade ≥3 toxicity was reported.ConclusionRelatively low-dose SBRT for liver metastases demonstrated efficacy and minimal toxicity, even for patients with large tumors or multiple lesions. This approach may be useful for patients in whom higher-dose therapy is contraindicated or associated with high risk for toxicity. OS depends largely on the primary tumor.     

Characterization of robust optimization for VMAT plan for liver cancer

PurposeWe investigated the feasibility of robust optimization for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for liver cancer in comparison with planning target volume (PTV)-based optimized plans. Treatment plan quality, robustness, complexity, and accuracy of dose delivery were assessed.MethodsTen liver cancer patients were selected for this study. PTV-based optimized plans with an 8-mm PTV margin and robust optimized plans with an 8-mm setup uncertainty were generated. Plan perturbed doses were evaluated using a setup error of 8 mm in all directions from the isocenter. The dosimetric comparison parameters were clinical target volume (CTV) doses (D_98%, D_50%, and D_2%), liver doses, and monitor unit (MU). Plan complexity was evaluated using the modulation complexity score for VMAT (MCSv).ResultsThere was no significant difference between the two optimizations with respect to CTV doses and MUs. Robust optimized plans had a higher liver dose than did PTV-based optimized plans. Plan perturbed dose evaluations showed that doses to the CTV for the robust optimized plans had small variations. Robust optimized plans were less complex than PTV-based optimized plans. Robust optimized plans had statistically significant fewer leaf position errors than did PTV-based optimized plans.ConclusionsComparison of treatment plan quality, robustness, and plan complexity of both optimizations showed that robust optimization could be feasibile for VMAT of liver cancer.     

Cellular toxicological characterization of a thioxolated arsenic-containing hydrocarbon

Arsenolipids, especially arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (AsHC), are an emerging class of seafood originating contaminants. Here we toxicologically characterize a recently identified oxo-AsHC 332 metabolite, thioxo-AsHC 348 in cultured human liver (HepG2) cells. Compared to results of previous studies of the parent compound oxo-AsHC 332, thioxo-AsHC 348 substantially affected cell viability in the same concentration range but exerted about 10-fold lower cellular bioavailability. Similar to oxo-AsHC 332, thioxo-AsHC 348 did not substantially induce oxidative stress nor DNA damage. Moreover, in contrast to oxo-AsHC 332 mitochondria seem not to be a primary subcellular toxicity target for thioxo-AsHC 348. This study indicates that thioxo-AsHC 348 is at least as toxic as its parent compound oxo-AsHC 332 but very likely acts via a different mode of toxic action, which still needs to be identified.     

中医药的抗炎机制在治疗肝纤维化中的作用

肝脏是人体腹腔内最大的实体器官,对维持机体的基本生理功能起着至关重要的作用。肝脏疾病是威胁人类健康的常见病多发病。全球约有10%人口受到不同程度的肝脏疾病的危害,其中,肝纤维化往往成为这些疾病的晚期病理特征。由于肝纤维化的发病机制复杂,尚无有效的合成类药物能够治疗肝纤维化。中药治疗肝纤维化具有多靶点和副作用小的优势。本文综述了肝纤维化的病理特征与诱发炎症的关系,讨论了中药治疗肝纤维化的单味中药、传统配方及其化学活性成分的抗炎症机制。     

Legacy forest structure increases bird diversity and abundance in aging young forests

Many studies have demonstrated the importance of early‐successional forest habitat for breeding bird abundance, composition, and diversity. However, very few studies directly link measures of bird diversity, composition and abundance to measures of forest composition, and structure and their dynamic change over early succession. This study examines the relationships between breeding bird community composition and forest structure in regenerating broadleaf forests of southern New England, USA, separating the influences of ecological succession from retained stand structure. We conducted bird point counts and vegetation surveys across a chronosequence of forest stands that originated between 2 and 24 years previously in shelterwood timber harvests, a silvicultural method of regenerating oak‐mixed broadleaf forests. We distinguish between vegetation variables that relate to condition of forest regeneration and those that reflect legacy stand structure. Using principal components analyses, we confirmed the distinction between regeneration and legacy vegetation variables. We ran regression analysis to test for relationships between bird community variables, including nesting and foraging functional guild abundances, and vegetation variables. We confirmed these relationships with hierarchical partitioning. Our results demonstrate that regenerating and legacy vegetation correlate with bird community variables across stand phases and that the strength with which they drive bird community composition changes with forest succession. While measures of regeneration condition explain bird abundance and diversity variables during late initiation, legacy stand structure explains them during stem exclusion. Canopy cover, ground‐story diversity, and canopy structure diversity are the most powerful and consistent explanatory variables. Our results suggest that leaving varied legacy stand structure to promote habitat heterogeneity in shelterwood harvests contributes to greater bird community diversity. Interestingly, this is particularly important during the structurally depauperate phase of stem exclusion of young regenerating forests.     

Reverse regulation of hepatic ceruloplasmin production in rat model of myocardial ischemia

BackgroundCeruloplasmin (Cp) is a major copper-binding protein produced in the liver and delivers copper to extrahepatic organs. Patients with myocardial infarction are often featured by an elevation of serum copper concentrations due to copper efflux from ischemic hearts. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that serum copper elevation leads to up-regulation of hepatic Cp in myocardial infarction.MethodsAdult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation to induce myocardial infarction. Serum copper and Cp levels, as well as changes in hepatic Cp and copper-transporting P-type ATPase (Atp7b), were determined from blood and liver samples collected on day 1, 4, or 7 after the operation.ResultsSerum copper concentrations were significantly increased on day 4 after LAD ligation, accompanied by an increase in serum Cp levels and activities. Concomitantly, the protein levels of Cp and copper exporter, Atp7b, were also significantly increased in the liver. Furthermore, inhibiting the increase of serum copper by a copper chelator, triethylenetetramine (TETA), effectively abolished the elevated Cp activity after LAD ligation.ConclusionThese results indicate that serum Cp elevation in response to myocardial ischemia most likely resulted from the increased hepatic Cp production, which in turn was more responsive to serum copper elevation than inflammatory response following myocardial ischemia.     

The pathogenic potential of the combined action of chronic Opisthorchis felineus infection and repeated social defeat stress in C57BL/6 mice

Parasitic food-borne diseases and chronic social stress are frequent attributes of day-to-day human life. Therefore, our aim was to model the combined action of chronic Opisthorchis felineus infection and repeated social defeat stress in C57BL/6 mice. Histological examination of the liver revealed inflammation sites, pronounced periductal fibrosis, and cholangiofibrosis together with proliferation of bile ducts and hepatocyte dystrophy in the infected mice, especially in the stress-exposed ones. Simultaneously with liver pathology, we detected significant structural changes in the cerebral cortex. Immunohistochemical analysis of the hippocampus indicated the highest increase in numerical density of Iba 1-, IL-6-, iNOS-, and Arg1-positive cells in mice simultaneously subjected to the two adverse factors. The number of GFAP-positive cells rose during repeated social defeat stress, most strongly in the mice subjected to both infection and stress. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of genes Aif1 and Il6 differed among the analysed brain regions (hippocampus, hypothalamus, and frontal cortex) and depended on the adverse factors applied. In addition, among the brain regions, there was no consistent increase or decrease in these parameters when the two adverse treatments were combined: (i) in the hippocampus, there was upregulation of Aif1 and no change in Il6 expression; (ii) in the hypothalamus, expression levels of Aif1 and Il6 were not different from controls; and (iii) in the frontal cortex, Aif1 expression did not change while Il6 expression increased. It can be concluded that a combination of two long-lasting adverse factors, O. felineus infection and repeated social defeat stress, worsens not only the hepatic but also brain state, as evidenced behaviorally by disturbances of the startle response in mice.     

盐酸右美托咪定联合盐酸罗哌卡因胸椎旁神经阻滞对肺癌根治术患者血清炎性因子和免疫学指标的影响

摘要 目的：探讨盐酸右美托咪定联合盐酸罗哌卡因胸椎旁神经阻滞（TPVB）对肺癌根治术患者血清炎性因子和免疫学指标的影响。方法：选取2018年4月~2020年4月期间于我院行肺癌根治术的患者400例,根据信封抽签法分为对照组和观察组,各200例,对照组给予盐酸罗哌卡因TPVB,观察组在对照组基础上联合盐酸右美托咪定,对比两组疼痛、炎性因子、免疫学指标、血流动力学及不良反应。结果：观察组术后6 h（T5）~术后48h（T8）时间点视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分均低于对照组（P<0.05）。对照组插管后5 min（T1）~术毕（T3）时间点心率（HR）及平均动脉压（MAP）较麻醉诱导前（T0）时间点升高（P<0.013）,观察组T1~T3时间点HR、MAP低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组T8时间点白介素-6（IL-6）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）均较T0下降,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组T8时间点CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺均较T0时间点下降,但观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）,CD8⁺均较T0时间点升高,但观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组不良反应总发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：盐酸右美托咪定联合盐酸罗哌卡因TPVB用于肺癌根治术患者,可稳定血流动力学,且可获得较好的镇痛效果,降低不良反应发生率,减轻术后炎性损伤及免疫抑制。     

不同体质量指数对腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术患者临床疗效和远期预后的影响

摘要 目的：研究不同体质量指数（BMI）对腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术患者临床疗效和远期预后的影响。方法：将从2014年1月～2016年1月于我院接受腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术治疗的110例患者纳入研究。将所有受试者根据BMI的差异分作正常组（18.6 kg/m²≦BMI<23.0 kg/m²）35例、超重组（23.0 kg/m²≦BMI<25.0 kg/m²）53例、肥胖组（BMI≧25.0 kg/m²）22例。分析三组患者各项基线资料,临床疗效,术后并发症发生情况,远期预后等方面的差异。结果：三组患者各项基线资料比较差异均不明显（均P＞0.05）。肥胖组手术时长为（268.01±36.14）min,均明显高于正常组、超重组的（211.73±30.56）min、（224.12±34.87）min（均P＜0.05）;三组术中失血量、肛门排气时间以及住院康复时间对比均不明显（均P＞0.05）。三组患者术后肺部感染、下肢静脉血栓、切口感染以及吻合口出血发生率对比均不明显（均P＞0.05）。正常组5年生存率为45.71%（16/35）,超重组5年生存率为47.17%（25/53）,肥胖组5年生存率为45.45%（10/22）,三组比较差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论：不同BMI对腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术患者的手术时长具有一定影响,但和远期预后无关,值得临床重点关注。