旧大陆视野下的中国旧石器晚期小型两面器溯源

我国北方地区在旧石器晚期偏晚阶段新出现了一类加工复杂且修理精美的石器类型,可称为“小型两面器”。本文对旧大陆东西方晚更新世考古材料进行对比,结果显示这类“小两面器”在旧大陆西侧拥有更为悠久的历史。距今约7万年前南非旧石器时代中期的Still Bay文化已经出现,蕴含热处理技术和压制技术并已作为投射尖状器使用。到了距今4万年前,小型两面器技术在欧洲开始兴起,逐渐形制变的多样化。我国地处旧大陆东侧,发现的小两面器无论是时代还是器形均显示与旧大陆西侧密切关联,应当是旧石器时代晚期旧大陆东西方文化交流的产物。     

贮存式自体输血和异体输血对老年脑外科手术患者炎症反应及T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

摘要 目的：探讨老年脑外科手术患者分别经贮存式自体输血和异体输血后,其对机体T淋巴细胞亚群和炎症反应的影响。方法：选取2017年3月~2019年10月期间我院收治的行脑外科手术老年患者150例,根据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组（n=75,异体输血）和研究组（n=75,贮存式自体输血）,对比两组围术期相关指标情况,比较两组术前、术后5d的炎症因子水平[白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、C反应蛋白（CRP）]以及T淋巴细胞亚群变化情况,记录两组输血不良反应发生情况。结果：两组术前住院时间、术前血红蛋白比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;研究组术后住院时间短于对照组,术中出血量、术中输血量少于对照组,术后血红蛋白多于对照组（P<0.05）。两组术后5d IL-6、CRP、TNF-α均升高,但研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组患者术后5d CD3⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺、CD4⁺均降低,但研究组高于对照组,CD8⁺升高,但研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组输血不良反应发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：与异体输血应用于老年脑外科手术患者相比,贮存式自体输血效果确切,可减轻炎性应激,降低免疫抑制,同时还可减少输血不良反应发生率,节约宝贵的血液资源。     

Addition of Ptyas nigromarginata （Blyth, 1854） （Squamata： Colubridae） to the Snake Fauna of Thailand with Preliminary Remarks on Its Distribution

The first record of Ptyas nigromarginata(Blyth,1854) from Thailand and a new record from China are reported.Literature and internet sources were searched for previous records of this species to establish its geographic and altitudinal distributions in Asia.The distribution in India was adapted to the new state division of the northern part of the country.The results show that the species almost exclusively occurs in hill evergreen and montane forests of the Himalayan foothills and mountain ranges continuous with it,at altitudes of 1000–2300 m above sea level.     

Proteogenomic review of the changes in primate apoC-I during evolution

Apolipoprotein C-I has evolved more rapidly than any of the other soluble apolipoproteins. During the course of primate evolution, the gene for this apolipoprotein was duplicated. Prompted by our observation that the two resulting genes encode two distinct forms of apoC-I in great apes, we have reviewed both the genomic and proteomic data to examine what changes have occurred during the course of primate evolution. We have found data showing that one of the duplicated genes, known to be a pseudogene in humans, was also a pseudogene in Denisovans and Neandertals. Using genomic and proteomic data for primates, we will provide in this review evidence that the duplication took place after the divergence of New World monkeys from the human lineage and that the formation of the pseudogene took place after the divergence of the bonobos and chimpanzees from the human lineage.     

液相色谱法定量检测老年人血浆游离脂肪酸

目的：分析老年人群空腹血浆游离脂肪酸水平及构成特点。方法：采用高效液相色谱（highperformanceliquidchromatog．raphy,HPLC）,检测149名60—104岁的健康老年人空腹血浆游离脂肪酸（FreeFattyacids,FFAs）的水平,包括月桂酸（C12：0）、二十碳五烯酸（C20：5）、豆蔻酸（C14：0）、软油酸（C16：1）、花生四烯酸（C20：4）、亚油酸（c18：2）、软脂酸（C16：0）、油酸（C18：1）和硬脂酸（C18：0）。结果：血浆FFA水平呈偏态分布;含量占血浆总FFA10％以上的单个FFA有3种,分别为：C16：0,C18：1和C18：2,共占总FFA的80％。结论：C16：0,C18：1和C18：2为血浆总FFA的主要组分,可体现血浆总FFA水平,并给出了健康老年人群的血浆总FFA及9种亚组分的均值、四分位数及中位数水平。     

瞬目反射对老年人脑干梗死诊断价值的研究

目的：探讨瞬目反射对老年人脑干梗死的诊断价值。方法：采用神经电生理检查方法对100例老年人（50例健康受试者、50例脑干梗死患者）进行BR检测。确定BR正常值,记录各组潜伏期和波幅的变化,与正常对照组比较;并对50例脑干梗死患者行MRI检测,比较MRI与BR对脑干梗死的诊断阳性率。结果：健康对照组BR各波潜伏期的平均值分别是R1为10.9 ms、R2为30.4 ms、R2＇为29.5 ms,波幅的平均值分别是R1为306.3μv、R2为276.7μv、R2＇为257.8μv。脑干梗死组中有44例BR异常,其中6例中脑梗死患者BR正常;36例桥脑梗死患者BR完全异常;8例延髓梗死患者R1正常,结果具有统计学差异（P〈0.01）。BR与MRI检查对脑干梗死的诊断阳性率比较无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论：瞬目反射是一种早期诊断脑干梗死的有价值的临床电生理方法,相对于传统MRI检查,其诊断率稍低,但能敏感地反应脑干尤其是脑桥的病变情况,对定位诊断有重要意义。     

不同浓度罗派卡因用于老年患者臂丛神经阻滞麻醉的临床比较研究

目的：比较不同浓度的罗派卡因对老年患者臂丛神经感觉、运动神经阻滞起效和维持时间的影响。方法：选择60例行择期上肢手术老年患者。男38例,女21例,年龄65—78岁。ASAⅠ-Ⅲ级。随机分为两组。定时记录感觉、运动神经完全阻滞起效时间和维持时间,观察并记录术中生命体征的变化和有无并发症发生。结果：两组患者感觉和运动神经阻滞的起效时间和维持时间有极显著性差异（P〈0．05）,术中生命体征和并发症发生率无显著性差畀。结论：0．37％相较0．25％罗哌卡因用于老年患者臂丛神经阻滞麻醉起效更快,维持时间更长,副作用风险来见增加,可常规用于老年患者的上肢手术麻醉。     

New Pliocene remains of Camelus grattardi (Mammalia,Camelidae) from the Shungura Formation,Lower Omo Valley,Ethiopia, and the evolution of African camels

Abstract

Camels are exceptionally rare in the Plio-Pleistocene fossil record of Africa, hindering attempts to understand the evolution of this family on the continent. Here we describe recently collected camel specimens from the Shungura Formation, Lower Omo Valley, Ethiopia, and attribute these remains to Camelus grattardi. The new specimens date to the late Pliocene (~3 to 2.6 Ma) and consist of three upper molars, one upper premolar, and two proximal metatarsals. The dental specimens confirm this species’ small P4 relative to its molars, a trait that differs significantly from all extant and fossil Old World camels. The metatarsals indicate that C. grattardi was similar in size to the living Bactrian camel, C. bactrianus. Phylogenetically, we find no suitable ancestor, sister, or descendant of the eastern African fossil camel, which suggests greater lineage diversity in Plio-Pleistocene Camelus than previously recognised. Microwear analyses suggest that C. grattardi was likely a mixed-feeder preferring browse, which is consistent with carbon isotopes of enamel from the Turkana Basin. A review of the fossil record of African camels suggests no clear paleoenvironmental association, as fossil camels occur in a range of environments from dry savannas with no permanent water bodies to closed woodlands along the paleo-Omo River.     

Investigation of the human Rh blood group system in nonhuman primates and other species with serologic and Southern blot analysis

To investigate the evolution of the Rh blood-group system in anthropoid apes, New and Old World monkeys, and nonprimate animals, serologic typing of erythrocytes from these species with antibodies specific for the human Rh blood-group antigens was performed. In addition, genomic DNA from these animals was analyzed on Southern blots with a human Rh-specific cDNA.Consistent with earlier reports, serologic results showed that gorilla and chimpanzee erythrocytes had epitopes recognized by human Rh D and c antisera, and gibbon erythrocytes were recognized by the c antisera. Surprisingly, some Old and New World monkeys also expressed a Rh c epitope on their erythrocytes. No erythrocytes from the nonprimate animals reacted specifically with any of the human Rh antisera.Southern blot analysis with a human Rh-specific cDNA probe detected Rh-related sequences in anthropoid apes, all New and Old World monkeys, and in most nonprimate animals tested. Although some Rh-related restriction fragments were conserved across species lines in primates, the Rh locus was more polymorphic in chimpanzees and gorillas than in humans. In addition, restriction fragments segregating with the presence of the D antigen in humans were present in the primate species that expressed the D antigen.     

漓江水陆交错带截污效果评价

水陆交错带作为水生、陆地生态系统之间的过渡带,具有拦截水体污染物、保护河流水质等重要作用。根据立地划分原则并结合广西壮族自治区漓江风景区实际情况,将漓江水陆交错带划分为6种立地类型:薄土层河滩地、中土层河滩地、厚土层河滩地、薄土层岸坡地、中土层岸坡地、厚土层岸坡地,筛选了14个指标并建立指标评价体系,利用层次分析法将漓江水陆交错带截污效果分为4个等级:优、良、中、差。评价结果如下:在漓江水陆交错带选取了20块样地,其中,薄土层河滩地占5%、中土层河滩地占10%、厚土层河滩地占10%、薄土层岸坡地占10%、中土层岸坡地占35%、厚土层岸坡地占30%,评价为"优"、"良"、"中"、"差"的样地分别占10%、60%、25%、5%,说明漓江水陆交错带整体截污效果良好,但是有少部分区域急需修复,部分区域有潜在生态危险。根据评价结果,针对不同截污效果的漓江水陆交错带,提出最佳的生态修复措施,对漓江水陆交错带生态修复工作具有指导意义。