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11.
Biochemical Characterization of α-Adrenergic Receptors in Human Brain and Changes in Alzheimer-Type Dementia 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Shun Shimohama Takashi Taniguchi Motohatsu Fujiwara Masakuni Kameyama 《Journal of neurochemistry》1986,47(4):1294-1301
Abstract Using ligand binding techniques, we studied α-adrenergic receptors in brains obtained at autopsy from seven histologically normal controls and seven patients with histopathologically verified Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD). Binding of the α-adrenergic antagonists [3H]prazosin and [3H]yohimbine to membranes of human brains exhibited characteristics compatible with α1- and α2-adrenergic receptors, respectively. Binding of both ligands was saturable and reversible, with dissociation constants of 0.15 nM for [3H]prazosin and 5.5 nM for [3H]yohimbine. [3H]Prazosin binding was highest in the hippocampus and frontal cortex and lowest in the caudate and putamen in the control brains. [3H]Yohimbine binding was highest in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NbM) and frontal cortex and lowest in the caudate and cerebellar hemisphere in the control brains. Compared with values for the controls, [3H]prazosin binding sites were significantly reduced in number in the hippocampus and cerebellar hemisphere, and [3H]yohimbine binding sites were significantly reduced in number in the NbM in the ATD brains. These results suggest that α1 and α2-adrenergic receptors are present in the human brain and that there are significant changes in numbers of both receptors in selected regions in patients with ATD. 相似文献
12.
13.
W. L. C. Vaz D. Hallmann R. M. Clegg A. Gambacorta M. De Rosa 《European biophysics journal : EBJ》1985,12(1):19-24
We have used the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching technique to study the translational diffusion, in L phase multibilayers of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC), of fluorescent derivatives of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (NBD-POPE) and a membrane-spanning phosphatidylethanolamine (NBD-MSPE). The latter derivative was prepared from a membrane-spanning glycerol-dialkyl-glycerol tetraether lipid isolated from the thermophilic and acidophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus solfataricus. The translational diffusion was examined between about 15° and 45°C. It is shown that over this temperature range the translational diffusion coefficient for NBD-MSPE is 2/3 that for NBD-POPE which spans only one monolayer of the bilayer. The result is interpreted in terms of existing models for translational diffusion in lipid membranes.Abbreviations D
t
translational diffusion coefficient
- FRAP
fluorescence recovery after photobleaching
- MSPE
a membrane-spanning phosphatidylethanolamine derived from a glycerol-dialkyl-glycerol tetraether lipid isolated from Sulfolobus solfataricus
- NBD
4-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazolyl
- PE
phosphatidylethanolamine
- POPC
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine
- POPE
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine 相似文献
14.
Short-term metabolic and concomitant morphologic effects of streptozotocin diabetes on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction
was studied in Wistar rats, Of particular significance was the observation that myocardial infarction in concert with diabetes
brought about a distinctive exacerbation of the severity and complexity of the histopathological lesions. Of all the biochemical
parameters, serum glucose and free fatty acids registered maximum elevation and serum lactate and cardiac glycogen levels
a maximum reduction. Among the lipoproteins, an inverse relationship was found between high density lipoproteins and low density
and very low density lipoproteins; while high density lipoproteins, ratio of high density lipoprotein to low density lipoprotein
and the percentage of high density lipoprotein were decreased, there was a significant increase in low density lipoprotein
concentration and percentage values of low density and very low density lipoproteins. In diabetes, the B cell of the endocrine
pancreas depicted selective necrosis. Loss of insulin granules and wide-spread necrobiosis of cellular elements of the pancreatic
islets were observed, respectively, in myocardial infarction and in diabetes plus myocardial infarction combinations. Pathological
evidence of chemical-induced mild toxicity was present in the exocrine parenchyma. Mitotic features and the presence of centroacinar
cells in the damaged Langerhans’ islets supposedly formed the basis of regeneration of the tissue in diabetes, with or without
vascular complications 相似文献
15.
X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry were used in a quantitative study of zinc, copper, and
magnesium in 71 postmortal human hearts. Samples were obtained from individuals who had demonstrated no previous clinical
or subsequent pathological findings of myocardial infarction and from victims of a recent or an old infarction. A significant
difference (p<0.001) in the elemental levels was observed between the noninfarct and the recent infarct groups. The noninfarct group had
higher cardiac levels of all three elements. However, the difference in elemental concentrations between the noninfarct and
the old-infarct groups was not significant. Cardiac levels of zinc (p<0.001) and copper (p<0.01) were significantly greater in the old-infarct group than in the recent-infarct group. Magnesium levels were higher
in the recent-and-old-infarct group than in the recent infarct group (p<0.01). It is possible that the elements are redistributed during myocardial infarction, and that uptake of these elements
(from the serum pool) by the heart may be important in maintaining myocardial integrity and function. 相似文献
16.
The family Heteroderidae, its two subfamilies Heteroderinae and Meloidogyninae and the nominal genera of Heteroderinae (Heterodera Schmidt, 1871; Meloidodera Chitwood, Hannon &Esser, 1956; and Cryphodera Colbran, 1966) are rediagnosed. Meloidoderita Pogosyan, 1966 is considered a genus inquirenda. Two new genera from southern California are described in the subfamily Heteroderinae. A key to the genera, illustrations and a phylogeny of the Heteroderinae are proposed. 相似文献
17.
PETER D. KRUSE 《Lethaia: An International Journal of Palaeontology and Stratigraphy》1996,29(3):213-217
A single specimen of the early Middle Cambrian (Ordian) orthothecimorph hyolith Gudugu-wan hardmani with preserved gut filling has been discovered in the Montejinni Limestone, Wiso Basin, northern Australia. This represents only the eighth such occurrence worldwide. The specimen is unique among orthothecimorphs in retaining the gut filling in combination with the external mould of the operculum and invites revision of the accepted soft-part recon struction in this group, whereby the opercular lateral processes are now recognized to be ventral. Thus orthothecimorph conchs, if horizontal in life, would have been oriented ventral side down, while hyolithomorphs adopted the reverse orientation: horizontal, ventral side up. 相似文献
18.
David R. Thompson Jurgen E. Pohl Yiu-Yu S. Tse Robert W. Hiorns 《International journal of biometeorology》1996,39(3):116-120
Analysis of the time of onset of chest pain in 2254 patients with a myocardial infarction admitted to a coronary care unit in Leicester during a 10-year period shows an association with temperature and humidity. During both the most cold and humid times of the year, the relationship is a strong one. A generalized linear model with a log link was used to fit the data and the backward elimination selection procedure suggested a humid, cold day might help to trigger the occurrence of myocardial infarction. In addition, cold weather was found to have a stronger effect on the male population while those men aged between 50 and 70 years were more sensitive to the effect of high humidity. 相似文献
19.
Ma Rosario de la Torre Angela Casado Ma Encarnación López-Fernández Diana Carrascosa Ma Concepción Casado Domenico Venarucci Vincenzo Venarucci 《Neurochemical research》1996,21(8):885-888
In order to investigate the role of two free radical detoxificant enzymes in patients with aging brain disorders, superoxide
dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities have been measured in blood from male and female human patients of different
ages with several types of aging brain disorders. When compared with activities in the normal population, we have detected:
1) SOD and CAT activities are decreased in patients with Parkinson disease. 2) SOD activity seems to be normal and CAT activity
is decreased in patients with dementia. 3) In the patients with stroke, SOD activity is normal, while CAT activity is decreased.
SOD activity was measured in red blood cells using the Minami and Yoshikawa method. CAT activity was measured in hemolysates
by the method of Aebi. We can conclude that SOD and CAT activities in patients with Parkinson disease are decreased. 相似文献
20.
Early after-depolarisations induced by noradrenaline may be initiated by calcium released from sarcoplasmic reticulum 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We investigated the effect of 10–8 M noradrenaline (NA) on [Ca2+], and electrical activity of single myocytes of guinea-pig ventricular myocardium loaded with Indo 1-AM. Membrane potential was recorded by means of the patch electrode and patch amplifier set to the current clamp mode. Cells were stimulated at a rate of 30/min by 3 ms pulses of the current injected through the recording electrode. Superfusion of NA resulted in slight shortening of action potentials (APs), increase in rate of rise and amplitude of the respective Ca2+ transients, and appearance of secondary Ca2+ transients of two kinds: 1. appearing before repolarisation of AP and decay of the preceding Ca2+ transient were completed and 2. appearing between the APs. We named them early after-transients (EAT) and delayed after-transients (DAT), respectively. Without any additional intervention EATS caused some prolongation of APs duration and DATs resulted in subthreshold delayed after-depolarisations (DADS). When sarcolemmal K+ conductance was decreased by tetraethylammonium (TEA) in the patch electrode or 20 M BaCl2 in the Tyrode solution, EATs initiated early after depolarizations (EADs) and DATs initiated suprathreshold DADs triggering full-sized APs. Superfusion of 30.0 mM Na+ (replaced with LiCl) resulted in reduction of AP duration by -70% and appearance of DATs. Also, the frequent multiple oscillations of Ca 2+ concentration were often observed. Neither DATs nor the oscillations had any affect on electrical activity of the cells. Their electrogenicity could not be increased by TEA or 20.0 M Ba2+. EATs and DATs and their respective EADs and DADs could not be initiated by NA or low Na+ superfusion in the cells pretreated with 2 × 10–7 M thapsigargin, a selective blocker of Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). We conclude that in contrast to the current hypothesis, EADs can be initiated by Ca2+ released early in the cardiac cycle from the overloaded SR, and that electrogenicity of both types of Ca2+ oscillations critically depends on the sarcolemmal K+ conductance. 相似文献