Polymorphism of transferrin of carp seminal plasma: relationship to blood transferrin and sperm motility characteristics

Transferrin (Tf) is a major protein of carp (Cyprinus carpio) seminal plasma. Its relationship with milt quality is unknown. In this study, we sought to determine if Tf is polymorphic in carp seminal plasma and if this polymorphism is related to sperm motility characteristics. We screened males of purebred common carp line (Polish line R6) for Tf polymorphism in blood plasma. The majority of Tf genotypes represented only DD and DG variants. We then collected milt from preselected DD and DG genotypes and tested their sperm motility characteristics using computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA). Tf polymorphism in seminal plasma was found to be identical with that of blood. However, the relationships between Tf polymorphism and iron metabolic parameters were different for blood and semen. These data suggest different regulation of Tf in liver and testis. We found substantial differences in sperm motility characteristics between both genotypes. Spermatozoa of DG males were characterized by lower curvilinear velocity (VCL), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), higher linearity (LIN) and straightness (STR) of movement as compared to DD males. No differences were found in other sperm characteristics such as sperm concentration and percentage of sperm motility. Our results suggest that sperm motility parameters are related to Tf polymorphism and therefore this polymorphism may be related to sperm competitive ability.     

建青黛无机元素组成SEM/EDS、ICP-AES及IR分析

建青黛为一种道地药材,其原植物为马蓝Baphicacanthus cusla(Nces)Bremek。本研究电子探针显微观察表明建青黛呈矿质状微粉未,颗粒的粒径约为10~100μm;X-射线能谱扫描分析(X-ray EDS)结果表明:青黛的元素构成(Mg,Al,Si,P,S,Ca,Mn,Fe)是相对稳定和有特征性的,主体元素为Ca(相对含量达76.9%~82.6%)。电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)分析结果表明:其钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)、钾(K)、锂(Li)和锰(Mn)等元素含量含量分别为33.25%、3.97%、0.77%、0.54%、0.19%和0.14%。建青黛呈现特定的红外光谱图谱,并具有相对稳定的碳酸根特征性强吸收峰(1460.80~1461.28 cm-1),在873.75~873.97 cm-1处均有一较强的吸收峰,3422.92~3434.38 cm-1处也均有一较宽的吸收峰。     

鳙、鲢及其杂交一代某些组织器官中核组蛋白的比较研究

电泳分析比较了鳙、鲢和鳙(♀)×鲢(♂)杂交一代(F_1)的肝、脾、肾、鳃和红细胞的组蛋白。F_1肝、脾的组蛋白H_1占总组蛋白的百分比数明显地高于双亲;而肾、鳃的组蛋白H_1含量都较低,没有发现明显的差异。它们的红细胞中都有与鸟类红细胞具有相同迁移率的组蛋白H_5。     

Immunoreactive methionine-enkephalin in the caudal neurosecretory system of the carp,Cyprinus carpio

Summary Methionine-enkephalin (Met-enk) was detected by immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay in the caudal neuro-secretory system of the carp Cyprinus carpio. Some cells showing urotensin I (UI)-immunoreactivity reacted to Met-enk antiserum, but others did not. Neurons with urotensin II (UII)-immunoreactivity did not react to Met-enk antiserum; neurons with both UI and UII immunoreactivities also displayed a negative Met-enk reaction. Met-enk was detected by radioimmunoassay in the urophysis, although the content was relatively small compared with that found in other parts of the central nervous system and in the pituitary.     

草鱼同工酶发育遗传学研究——Ⅱ.早期发育过程中的同工酶分析

采用淀粉凝胶电泳技术研究了草鱼早期发育过程中(受精后0—200小时)6种同工酶系统(LDH、MDH、GDH、ADH、IDH、EST)的表达谱式。除了ADH以外,其余5种同工酶系统均具有明显的发育变化谱式。根据早期发育过程中同工酶的变化谱式及其组织分布,草鱼的同工酶可分为三大类型:(1)在未受精卵及早期发育过程中一直存在,并常有较广泛的组织分布;(2)未受精卵及早期发育过程中均不存在,一般仅分布于少数几种组织中;(3)未受精卵及胚胎发育早期不存在,直到早期发育过程中某一特定时期才开始出现。     

Fasting and refeeding in carp,Cyprinus carpio L.: the mobilization of reserves and plasma metabolite and hormone variations

Summary Carp, Cyprinus carpio, were subjected to a short term of fasting (2 months) and 12 days of refeeding. The early changes produced in plasma metabolites and hormones (insulin and glucagon) and their respective energy contribution in liver and muscle during fasting and refeeding was studied. Two phases of fasting were differentiated. The first phase (until day 8 of fasting) was characterized by a reduction in the hepatosomatic index mainly due to glycogen mobilization. A transitory increase in plasma glucose and lactate suggested an initial increase in energy demand. No changes were produced in the percentage of glycogen and protein in muscle, but musculosomatic index and the total body muscle protein decreased. Although the most depleted tissue in this phase was the liver, the loss of energy content of total muscle was higher. Stabilization of liver glycogen content, plasma glucose and lactate levels, decreased muscle protein levels and a reduction in the rate of body weight loss characterized the second phase (from day 8 of fasting). Protein content in whole muscle decreased by 22%, similar to the first phase. The energy expenditure of both liver and muscle was lower in this phase. Plasma insulin levels decreased two-fold and plasma glucagon three-fold in the first phase and remained low in the second phase of fasting. Twelve days of refeeding produced a greater increase in daily growth rate than in the control group and a recovery of plasma insulin, glucagon and glucose levels. Liver completely recovered. In contrast, musculosomatic index, protein and lipid content indicated that muscle did not completely recover from the 2 months of fasting, although and overshoot of muscle glycogen was observed.Abbreviations ANOVA analysis of variance - bw body weight - D1, D2, D5, D8, D19, D50 1, 2, 5, 8, 19 and 50 days of fasting, respectively - GSI gonadosomatic index - HSI hepatosomatic index - MSI musculosomatic index - P-DNA deoxyribonucleic acid phosphorus     

Cathepsins B, H and L in Peritoneal Macrophages and Hepatopancreas of Carp Cyprinus carpio

Cathepsin B was purified from the crude extract of carp hepatopancreas by a modified method, and the specific activity increased about 3,400-fold with a 17% recovery. The purified enzyme gave a single protein band on Native-PAGE, whereas two bands with molecular weights of 30,000 (single chain) and 26,000 (heavy chain) migrated on SDS-PAGE. The enzyme potently hydrolyzed Z-Arg-Arg-MCA and Z-Phe-Arg-MCA but lacked the ability to hydrolyze most of the other MCA substrates. The kinetic constants of the enzyme with two Z-blocked substrates revealed that V_max and K_cat values of Z-Phe-Arg-MCA were much higher than Z-Arg-Arg-MCA, while their K_m values were approximate. The optimum hydrolysis pH and temperature of the enzyme for these two substrates were determined to be pH 6.0 and 45°C, respectively. A variety of protease inhibitors such as E-64, DTNB, antipain, leupeptin, chymostatin, TLCK and TPCK and metal compounds such as CuCl₂, CdCl₂, HgCl₂, and Zn(CH₃COO)₂ were able to significantly inactivate the enzyme. In contrast, cysteine and 2-mercaptoethanol activated the enzyme, with cysteine being more effective for activation than 2-mercaptoethanol over the tested concentrations.     

鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）生长激素基因的亚克隆及其序列分析

本文对ＰＣＲ扩增的６６８ｂｐ的ＤＮＡ片段进行了亚克隆,然后以Ｓａｎｇｅｒ双脱氧中止法为原理,利用美国ＡＢＩ公司３７０Ａ自动核酸序列分析仪,确定了６６８ｂｐ的核苷酸序列。序列分析表明鲤鱼生长激素基因的开放读框含有６３０ｂｐ,并推测其中包括２２个氨基酸的信号肽和１８８个氨基酸的成熟多肽。鲤鱼生长激素基因的酶切图谱和序列分析的结果都证明我们已获得了全长的鲤鱼生长激素基因。