床旁超声联合血乳酸对感染性休克患者容量反应性的预测价值分析

目的:研究床旁超声与血乳酸(LAC)联合应用于感染性休克患者容量反应性预测中的效能。方法:选取2015年10月~2017年10月于我院接受治疗的120例感染性休克患者进行研究。对所有患者均开展补液试验,并按照试验结果的差异将其分作反应组63例和无反应组57例。对两组人员均实施床旁超声检查以及LAC水平检测,并对比相关指标水平。通过Pearson相关性分析明确感染性休克患者床旁超声指标与LAC水平的关系。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析床旁超声与LAC联合预测上述患者容量反应性的效能。结果:两组补液后平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)均高于补液前(P<0.05),反应组补液前下腔静脉呼吸变异率(△IVC)、主动脉峰值流速呼吸变异率(△VpeakAO)、肱动脉最大速度变异率(△VpeakBA)高于补液后及无反应组(P<0.05)。两组补液后LAC水平均低于补液前,且反应组低于无反应组(P<0.05)。经Pearson相关性分析可得:感染性休克患者LAC水平与△IVC、△VpeakAO、△VpeakBA均呈正相关(P<0.05)。经ROC曲线分析可知:床旁超声联合LAC预测感染性休克患者容量反应性的曲线下面积、灵敏度、特异度以及约登指数均高于床旁超声和LAC单独预测。结论:感染性休克患者补液后LAC水平降低,床旁超声联合LAC预测感染性休克患者容量反应性的效能较高,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

心脏彩超检查联合血清BNP、ALB、CysC在慢性心力衰竭患者预后评估中的临床价值分析

摘要 目的：分析心脏彩超检查联合血清B型钠尿肽（BNP）、白蛋白（ALB）、胱抑素C（CysC）在慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者预后评估中的临床价值。方法：选取2017年6月-2018年5月我院收治的123例CHF患者,心脏彩超检查左心室射血分数（LVEF）、左心房内径（LAD）和左心室内径（LVD）,实验室检测血清BNP、ALB、CysC水平。按照3年随访后患者是否死亡分为死亡组35例和存活组88例,收集临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析CHF患者预后的影响因素。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析心脏彩超检查联合血清BNP、ALB、CysC对CHF患者预后的评估价值。结果：死亡组患者的LAD、LVD及血清BNP、CysC水平高于存活组患者,而LVEF及血清ALB水平低于存活组患者（P＜0.05）。心脏彩超指标LVEF、LAD、LVD及血清BNP、ALB、CysC是CHF患者预后的影响因素（P＜0.05）。心脏彩超指标LVEF、LAD、LVD联合血清BNP、ALB、CysC检测对CHF患者预后评估的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）（0.95CI）为0.857（0.771～0.938）,灵敏度及特异度分别为0.914（32/35）、0.795（70/88）,均明显高于上述各指标单独检测。结论：心脏彩超指标LVEF、LAD、LVD和血清BNP、ALB、CysC均为CHF患者预后的影响因素,且联合检测对患者预后的评估价值较高,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Ultrasound／Microbubble Enhances Foreign Gene Expression in ECV304 Cells and Murine Myocardium

The success of gene therapy is largely dependent onthe development of vectors or vehicles that can selectivelyand efficiently deliver a therapeutic gene to cells or targetissues with minimal toxicity. Viruses are efficient transducing vectors. However, the safety concerns regardingthe use of virus vector in human make nonviral deliverysystem an attractive focus. Nonviral vectors are particularly suitable with respect to the simplicity of use, possibility of large-scale production and lack of s…     

Study of cell killing and morphology on S180 by ultrasound activating hematoporphyrin derivatives

The inhibition of ascitic S180 and induced sarcoma 180 in vivo was studied with the combination of hematoporphyrin derivatives (HpD) and ultrasound (US) at the frequency of 1.1 MHz and different intensities by light microscopy observation, electronic microscopy observation, cytochemical analysis and fluorescence labeling. The present study indicated that the injury of ascitic S180 increased as time passed and the inhibitory effect was stronger in US plus HpD group than that in other groups. Our results also indicated that the changes in cell structure, cytochrome C oxidase activity, the degradation and missing of DNA were the important factors that inhibited the tumor cell growth and even induced celldeath. The phenomenon of apoptosis of tumor cells indicated that cell death andinduced apoptosis exist in the treatment of sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Our study investigated the mechanism underlying the killing effect of S180 induced by USactivating HpD by the observation of cell morphology and dynamic changes from seminal injury to succeeded injury even to death. It would provide rich referencefor the study of SDT.     

Variations in cortical material properties throughout the human dentate mandible

Material properties and their variations in individual bone organs are important for understanding bone adaptation and quality at a tissue level, and are essential for accurate mechanical models. Yet material property variations have received little systematic study. Like all other material property studies in individual bone organs, studies of the human mandible are limited by a low number of both specimens and sampled regions. The aims of this study were to determine: 1) regional variability in mandibular material properties, 2) the effect of this variability on the modeling of mandibular function, and 3) the relationship of this variability to mandibular structure and function. We removed 31 samples on both facial and lingual cortices of 10 fresh adult dentate mandibles, measured cortical thickness and density, determined the directions of maximum stiffness with a pulse transmission ultrasonic technique, and calculated elastic properties from measured ultrasonic velocities. Results showed that each of these elastic properties in the dentate human mandible demonstrates unique regional variation. The direction of maximum stiffness was near parallel to the occlusal plane within the corpus. On the facial ramus, the direction of maximum stiffness was more vertically oriented. Several sites in the mandible did not show a consistent direction of maximum stiffness among specimens, although all specimens exhibited significant orthotropy. Mandibular cortical thickness varied significantly (P < 0.001) between sites, and decreased from 3.7 mm (SD = 0.9) anteriorly to 1.4 mm posteriorly (SD = 0.1). The cortical plate was also significantly thicker (P < 0.003) on the facial side than on the lingual side. Bone was 50-100% stiffer in the longitudinal direction (E(3), 20-30 GPa) than in the circumferential or tangential directions (E(2) or E(1); P < 0.001). The results suggest that material properties and directional variations have an important impact on mandibular mechanics. The accuracy of stresses calculated from strains and average material properties varies regionally, depending on variations in the direction of maximum stiffness and anisotropy. Stresses in some parts of the mandible can be more accurately calculated than in other regions. Limited evidence suggests that the orientations and anisotropies of cortical elastic properties correspond with features of cortical bone microstructure, although the relationship with functional stresses and strains is not clear.     

Enhancement of shikonin production in single- and two-phase suspension cultures of Lithospermum erythrorhizon cells using low-energy ultrasound

This work demonstrates the use of low-energy ultrasound (US) to enhance secondary metabolite production in plant cell cultures. Suspension culture of Lithospermum erythrorhizon cells was exposed to low-power US (power density < or = 113.9 mW/cm(3)) for short periods (1-8 min). The US exposure significantly stimulated the shikonin biosynthesis of the cells, and at certain US doses, increased the volumetric shikonin yield by about 60%-70%. Meanwhile, the shikonin excreted from the cells was increased from 20% to 65%-70%, due partially to an increase in the cell membrane permeability by sonication. With combined use of US treatment and in situ product extraction by an organic solvent, or the two-phase culture, the volumetric shikonin yield was increased more than two- to threefold. Increasing in the number of US exposures during the culture process usually resulted in negative effects on shikonin yield but slight stimulation of shikonin excretion. US at relatively high energy levels caused slight cell growth depression (maximum 9% decrease in dry cell weight). Two key enzymes for the secondary metabolite biosynthesis of cells, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and p-hydroxybenzoic acid geranyltransferase, were found to be stimulated by the US. The US stimulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis was attributed to the metabolic activity of cells activated by US, and more specifically, the defense responses of plant cells to the mechanical stress of US irradiation.     

Predation risk and mating behavior: the responses of moths to bat-like ultrasound

In the presence of predators, animals may reduce or alter theirmating activities. There has been little experimental studyof whether mating behavior varies with the level of predationrisk. Two species of moths, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Noctuidae)and Ostrinia nubilalis (Pyralidae), significantly reduced theirmate-seeking behavior under high levels of simulated predationrisk. Male moths aborted upwind flight in a pheromone plume,and females stopped releasing pheromone in response to soundssimulating the echolocation calls of bats. For O. nubilalis,but not for P. unipuncta, the response varied significantlywith the level of predation risk. Interspecific differencesin behavioral responses likely reflect differences in physiologicalauditory sensitivity and/or behavioral thresholds. Female behavioralresponses to sounds simulating the calls of bats that gleantheir prey from surfaces were significantly weaker than theirresponses to sounds resembling the calls of aerially hawkingbats; these results support the neurophysiological data thatthe calls of gleaning bats are relatively inaudible to moths.This study indicates that some animals can modify their reproductiveactivities in response to auditory cues from predators.     

Evaluation of antral follicle growth in the macaque ovary during the menstrual cycle and controlled ovarian stimulation by high‐resolution ultrasonography

To date, ultrasonography of monkey ovaries is rare and typically of low resolution. The objectives of this study were to use state‐of‐the‐art, high‐resolution, transabdominal ultrasonography with real‐time Doppler capabilities to: (1) determine whether one can reliably detect in real time the large dominant follicle, the corpus luteum (CL), and small (<2 mm) antral follicles on the ovaries of rhesus monkeys during the natural menstrual cycle; and (2) predict the follicular response of rhesus ovaries to controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) protocols. Rhesus monkeys were selected for transabdominal ultrasonography using a GE Voluson 730 Expert Doppler System at discrete stages of the menstrual cycle. Subsequently, serial ultrasound scanning was employed to observe growth of antral follicles and the CL. Finally, females were scanned to assess follicular growth during COS. The dominant structure and small antral follicles (<2 mm) were reliably visualized in real time. The follicle destined to ovulate could be identified by size differential by day 3 of the follicular phase. The number of small antral follicles present before onset of COS protocol correlated positively with the number of metaphase II‐stage oocytes collected after treatment. The results of this study demonstrate that the population dynamics of antral follicle pools can be noninvasively evaluated in monkeys during natural and pharmacologic ovarian cycles. Am. J. Primatol. 71:384–392, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.