Glycosylated equine prolactin and its carbohydrate moiety

Glycosylated equine prolactin (G-ePRL) and nonglycosylated ePRL were purified to homogeneity from side fractions obtained during isolation of LH/FSH from horse pituitaries. Both PRL forms were isolated together in high yield by the isolation procedure used for glycosylated porcine PRL/(G-pPRL) and pPRL, involving acetone extraction/precipitation, NaCl and isoelectric precipitation, and gel filtration. Purification of G-ePRL required additional Con A chromatography. The N-terminal amino acid sequencing for 32 cycles of G-ePRL and ePRL resulted in sequences identical to the known primary structure of ePRL. Based on MALDI mass spectrometry analysis and SDS-PAGE mobilities,G-ePRL and ePRL had estimated molecular weights of 25,000 and 23,000 Da, respectively. G-ePRL displayed only 60% of the immunoreactivity of ePRL in homologous radioimmunoassay. Using the Nb2 lymphoma cell bioassay, ePRL was found to have about l/30th the mitogenic activity of bovine PRL; G-ePRL was approximately l/10th as active as ePRL. Glycosylation of G-ePRL at Asn³¹ was confirmed by isolation and sequence analysis of an enzymatically derived G-ePRL glycopeptide spanning residues 29–37. Monosaccharide compositions of intact G-ePRL and this glycopeptide were very similar (Man₃, GlcNAc₂, GalNAc₁, Fuc_0.6, Gal_0.2, NeuAc_0.15) and resembled that of G-pPRL. The glycopeptide contained one sulfate residue as determined by ion chromatography after acid hydrolysis, indicating the presence of a sulfated monosaccharide. Comparative carbohydrate analysis of G-ePRL and other G-PRL preparations suggests that the functionally significant Asn³¹ carbohydrate unit is a fucosylated complex mono- and/or biantennary oligosaccharide terminating with a sulfated GalNAc residue and two or three Man residues.     

FXR在胃粘膜肠化生及胃癌中的表达及其意义研究

目的:研究FXR在胃炎,胃粘膜肠化生及胃癌组织中的表达,分析其在胃癌发生中的意义。方法:采用免疫组化方法检测FXR在55例胃炎组织,61例胃黏膜肠化生组织及61例胃癌组织中的表达,利用统计学方法 SPSS17.0软件分析其在三种组织中的表达变化,结合文献回顾,分析FXR在胃癌发生中的意义。结果:FXR在胃黏膜肠化生中的表达明显高于胃炎组织(P0.05),而在胃癌组织中,FXR的表达显著低于胃粘膜肠化生组织(P0.05)。结论:FXR是一个潜在的胃癌发生生物标记物,其具体机制有待于进一步探索。     

Stream hierarchy defines riverscape genetics of a North American desert fish

Global climate change is apparent within the Arctic and the south‐western deserts of North America, with record drought in the latter reflected within 640 000 km² of the Colorado River Basin. To discern the manner by which natural and anthropogenic drivers have compressed Basin‐wide fish biodiversity, and to establish a baseline for future climate effects, the Stream Hierarchy Model (SHM) was employed to juxtapose fluvial topography against molecular diversities of 1092 Bluehead Sucker (Catostomus discobolus). MtDNA revealed three geomorphically defined evolutionarily significant units (ESUs): Bonneville Basin, upper Little Colorado River and the remaining Colorado River Basin. Microsatellite analyses (16 loci) reinforced distinctiveness of the Bonneville Basin and upper Little Colorado River, but subdivided the Colorado River Basin into seven management units (MUs). One represents a cline of three admixed gene pools comprising the mainstem and its lower‐gradient tributaries. Six others are not only distinct genetically but also demographically (i.e. migrants/generation <9.7%). Two of these (i.e. Grand Canyon and Canyon de Chelly) are defined by geomorphology, two others (i.e. Fremont‐Muddy and San Raphael rivers) are isolated by sharp declivities as they drop precipitously from the west slope into the mainstem Colorado/Green rivers, another represents an isolated impoundment (i.e. Ringdahl Reservoir), while the last corresponds to a recognized subspecies (i.e. Zuni River, NM). Historical legacies of endemic fishes (ESUs) and their evolutionary potential (MUs) are clearly represented in our data, yet their arbiter will be the unrelenting natural and anthropogenic water depletions that will precipitate yet another conservation conflict within this unique but arid region.     

基于景观地形的小流域单元减灾调控评价研究

近年来,中国诸多大中城市内涝灾害频发。武汉市作为城市内涝频发的典型城市,其建成区地表高度（20.0~24.0 m）大多低于外江常年所处的洪水位高度（23.9 m）,在区域性暴雨条件下,极易引发内涝灾害。武汉由于其内涝典型性,2013年被列为全国31个重点防洪城市之一,2015年被列入首批海绵城市试点城市之一。从城市内涝发生机理出发,以水文角度的小流域单元作为内涝风险区划的基本单元,利用小流域单元分析武汉市景观地形要素（地表高程、地表起伏度、地表粗糙度）与城市内涝积水密度的相关性及其影响程度,量算统计出小流域单元的内涝风险等级。基于此,提出武汉市小流域单元减灾地形调控评价。以武汉市作为城市内涝问题的研究案例,以期为武汉市内涝缓解提供新的思考路径,具有典型性和必要性。     

Molecular diversity of the 5S nuclear ribosomal DNA in Campeiostachys with StHY haplome constitution

To detect the genomic constitutions and investigate the evolutionary relationships between Campeiostachys Drobov and Elymus L. species, we have cloned and analyzed 271 5S nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences from 27 accessions of these species, mostly of Chinese origin. We identified Long H1, Short S1, and Long Y1 unit classes in nine Campeiostachys or Elymus species. The identification of the three orthologous unit classes was confirmed by the neighbor‐joining tree of each unit class from PAUP and the phylogeny tree of three unit classes from MrBayes. The results suggested that these Elymus species comprise StYH haplomes and should be included in Campeiostachys. The phylogeny tree showed a clear separation between the S1 unit class and Y1 unit class. However, Y1 unit class sequences formed a sister clade to the S1 unit class, implying that although the St and Y haplomes might have some affinity, they are distinct from one another. The phylogeny tree also indicated that the five species in sect. Turczaninovia (C. dahurica var. cylindrica, C. dahurica var. dahurica, C. dahurica var. tangutorum, E. purpuraristatus, and E. dahuricus Turcz. ex Griseb. var. violeus C. P. Wang & H. L. Yang) might share a more recent common ancestor, whereas the four species in sect. Elymus (C. nutans, E. breviaristatus (Keng) Keng ex Keng f., E. sinosubmuticus (Keng) Keng f., and E. atratus (Nevski) Hand.‐Mazz.) share a close relationship. By identifying only one type of unit class for each haplome, we propose that the 5S nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences of species within Campeiostachys might have undergone haplome‐specific concerted evolution.     

Improved therapeutic efficiency of photothermal treatment and nursing care in prostate cancer by DOX loaded PEG coated Cu@Se nano-hybrid vesicle

Cancer is one of the major life threatening diseases, with higher mortality rate and morbidity. It is always a challenge for effective drug delivery and release of drug in specific tumor sites. Therefore to identify the synergistic effect of chemotherapeutic drug and photo thermal agent on tumor area, Doxorubicin (DOX) acts as anticancer agent but it has low aqueous solubility so its clinical application is limited. The present study developed doxorubicin (DOX) were designed to be with the poly ethylene glycol (PEG) functionalized copper and selenium (Cu-Se) nanoparticles (PEG@Cu-Se+DOX) and it is efficiently synthesized and enhance its aqueous formulation and improve the prostate cancer (DU145 and LNCaP) activity. The characteristics like mono dispersity, size stability and constant spectral of as-synthesized nanoparticles are comparably excellent than DOX alone. Also the enhanced cellular uptake and in vitro cytoxicicty suggests these nanoparticles selectively killing prostate cancer. In this present study explained that PEG@Cu-Se+DOX as a safe and hopeful strategy for chemotherapeutics of photothermal therapy and deserve for further clinical evaluations.     

长爪沙鼠的贮食行为与其个性和代谢水平之间的关系

贮食行为是动物应对食物资源的季节性和不可预测性变化的一种适应性生存策略。在群居性贮食动物中,同胎个体常表现出不同的贮食水平,而关于贮食行为与动物的个性和代谢水平之间的关系尚缺乏研究。本文以长爪沙鼠（Meriones unguiculatus）为对象,在筛选出具有高贮食和低贮食行为特征个体的基础上,比较了两组动物的个性特征（勇敢行为和探索能力）、静止代谢率、血清甲状腺激素水平、贮食期间的运动距离和贮食后的平均每日代谢率等。结果发现：高、低贮食长爪沙鼠的数量各占49%（22/45）和47%（21/45）,两组动物之间的个性特征、静止代谢率和血清甲状腺激素均没有显著差异。在贮食期间高贮食个体的运动距离显著高于低贮食个体,且在停止贮食后,高贮食个体的平均每日代谢率显著低于低贮食个体。这些结果表明,在室内条件下,长爪沙鼠的贮食量高低与个性和静止代谢率无关,但高贮食个体会在停止贮食后降低其总能量消耗,以补偿贮食过程中的高能量代价。     

格网尺度下青海玛多县土地利用及生态系统服务价值空间自相关分析

开展黄河源区土地利用和生态系统服务价值空间量化评估,对于保障黄河流域生态安全具有重要意义。以黄河源区玛多县为例,基于3 km×3 km网格单元,应用空间自相关方法构建生态系统服务价值评价模型,定量评价了2015年玛多县土地利用/覆被空间自相关格局特征,可视化表达了玛多县生态系统服务价值空间信息。结果表明: 在3 km×3 km格网尺度下,不同覆盖度草地覆盖范围广阔;水域网格占总网格数的42.9%,在玛多县西北部分布密集;建设用地呈东北-西南走向的“线条式”分布;未利用土地体现为西南多、东北少的分布格局。在空间上,玛多县土地利用类型网格之间相互影响,表现为正相关性和聚集分布。水域的全局Moran I和局部Moran I值均最大,空间聚集性最强,局部连片度较高。建设用地的全局Moran I和局部Moran I值分别为0.293和0.127,空间自相关性最弱,在小范围内呈聚集特点。2015年,玛多县生态系统服务价值(ESV)为938.87亿元,网格的ESV平均值为3.20×10⁷元,最大值为19.96×10⁷元,水域分布网格是ESV的高值区。玛多县ESV分布格局整体上呈显著的空间正向自相关,ESV在网格之间为聚集分布。不同土地利用类型ESV网格总体呈高高、低低聚集,在局部零星为高低、低高聚集。可采取的国土空间规划与用途管制策略包括:水域、未利用土地采用强调生态溢出价值的“集中连片式”保护模式,高、中、低覆盖度草地采取主次分明、划区管理的“组团式”生态治理模式,建设用地在“廊道式”分布格局中采取小范围集约化开发利用模式。