耕作对土壤入渗性能的影响

耕作影响降雨入渗、径流、土壤侵蚀过程。研究采用新型的坡地降雨条件下土壤入渗能力的径流-入渗-产流测量方法和仪器,野外观测宁夏南部山区坡耕地与撂荒地土壤入渗性能,揭示耕作对土壤入渗性能影响的规律。在坡度为20°、土壤表层含水量11.3%的坡地进行测量。采用的降雨强度为:20,40,56mm·h-1。结果表明,新型测量方法和仪器可以很好地测量坡面土壤入渗性能的全过程,并且具有省水、省工、操作方便的特点,且测量精度高。对比测量结果表明,坡耕地的初期土壤入渗性能在小雨强条件下略高于撂荒地的入渗性能,而在大雨强条件下则一直低于撂荒地的入渗性能。随雨强的增大坡耕地的入渗性能急剧减小,而撂荒地的入渗性能基本不受雨强变化的影响。坡耕地土壤的入渗性能(土壤结构)对降雨强度极为敏感,而撂荒地具有稳定的土壤结构和入渗性能。在3种雨强下,坡耕地的产流时间均比撂荒地提前。与撂荒地相比,各种雨强条件下坡耕地的稳定入渗率都较撂荒地明显降低。     

A cellular automata model of tumor-immune system interactions

We present a hybrid cellular automata-partial differential equation model of moderate complexity to describe the interactions between a growing tumor next to a nutrient source and the immune system of the host organism. The model allows both temporal and two-dimensional spatial evolution of the system under investigation and is comprised of biological cell metabolism rules derived from both the experimental and mathematical modeling literature. We present numerical simulations that display behaviors which are qualitatively similar to those exhibited in tumor-immune system interaction experiments. These include spherical tumor growth, stable and unstable oscillatory tumor growth, satellitosis and tumor infiltration by immune cells. Finally, the relationship between these different growth regimes and key system parameters is discussed.     

间断切口与长切口获取大隐静脉在冠状动脉旁路移植术中作用的对比研究

目的:比较冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)中采用间断切口与长切口获取大隐静脉作为静脉桥材料的优缺点。方法:选择2011年12月至2012年12月宁夏医科大学总医院心脏大血管外科111例行CABG的冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者为研究对象。根据术中获取大隐静脉方法的不同,随机将其分为两组,长切口组64例,在CABG中采用长切口法获取大隐静脉,间断切口组47例,在CABG中采用间断切口法获取大隐静脉。比较两组大隐静脉获取时间、下肢切口缝合时间、下肢手术时间、大隐静脉桥长度、下肢切口长度和下肢切口并发症发生率的差异。结果:间断切口组大隐静脉桥长度及下肢手术时间(45.4±6.7)cm,(65.8±10.3)min与长切口组(47.5±6.7)cm,(65.8±10.3)min比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。间断切口组获取大隐静脉的时间(48.9±8.3)min显著长于长切口组(37.3±5.8)min,下肢切口长度与缝合时间(17.0±3.5)cm,(16.9±3.4)min明显短于长切口组的(43.5±6.4)min,(31.7±5.9)min,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组大隐静脉壁的损伤情况比较无统计学差异(P0.05),但间断切口组术后下肢切口延迟愈合、感染、渗出、下肢血肿等并发症的发生率低于长切口组(P0.05)。结论:在冠状动脉旁路移植术中,间断切口获取大隐静脉能够显著缩短下肢手术切口长度,有助于减少术后下肢切口感染、延迟愈合、渗出、下肢血肿等并发症的发生。     

The role of phosphatidylcholine and deoxycholic acid in inflammation

Aims

Phosphatidylcholine with deoxycholic acid (PC/DA) is widely used to reduce localized fat deposits with mild adverse effects. We previously demonstrated that PC induces lipolysis with mild PMN infiltration, while DA induces adipose tissue damage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to extend our understanding of the pro-inflammatory responses of PC, DA, and PC/DA.

Main methods

We evaluated the level of edema and polymononuclear (PMN) infiltration by histopathological examination. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was analyzed using an MPO activity assay kit. Levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and PGE2 were measured by ELISA.

Key findings

A low and high dose of PC failed to induce an inflammatory response, whereas DA led to an intense inflammatory response in a dose dependent manner. Combined PC/DA treatment resulted in a mild inflammatory response that was notably less severe than higher DA. Together, these results demonstrated that DA plays a role in inflammation caused by combined PC/DA. Histopathological examination and measurement of MPO activity indicated that DA was the primary cause of edema and PMN infiltration. Further, increased levels of cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and PGE2 demonstrated that DA might directly induce inflammation, whereas PC alone has no effect on inflammation.

Significance

These results indicate that DA rather than PC is responsible for inflammation, and that PC may not aggravate inflammatory responses induced by DA. Thus, the results of this study suggest that the adverse effects of PC/DA during localized fat treatment may be solely due to DA.     

宁夏河东沙地生物土壤结皮对土壤性质及入渗过程的影响

为了揭示沙漠化治理过程中生物土壤结皮覆盖对土壤入渗过程的影响规律,以宁夏河东沙地人工沙漠治理区4种典型地表覆盖类型：裸沙(BS)、藻类结皮(AC)、藓类结皮(MC)、草本-藓类结皮(H-MC)为研究对象,基于野外双环入渗试验与室内模拟,分析了3种生物土壤结皮覆盖下土壤性质的变化与土壤入渗特征。结果表明：(1)与BS相比,3种结皮覆盖下表层土壤砂粒含量减少2.0%—5.1%,粉粒含量增加3.6%—5.8%,有机质含量增加了5—6倍,AC和MC覆盖下土壤总孔隙度与饱和含水量降低,而H-MC与之相反;(2)平均入渗速率表现为BS>H-MC>AC>MC,1h累计入渗量表现为H-MC>BS>AC>MC,与BS相比,AC、MC和H-MC的初渗速率依次减少了14.3%、37.2%、11.8%,AC、MC的稳渗速率分别降低了14.4%和18.3%,H-MC的稳渗速率增加了4.5%;(3)三种模型中,Kostiakov模型最适用于模拟生物土壤结皮覆盖下土壤水分入渗过程。综上,研究区内不同发育程度生物土壤结皮改变了下层土壤的性质以及土壤的入渗特征,MC与AC阻碍水分入渗...     

黄芪多糖对咪喹莫特诱导小鼠银屑病样皮炎的干预作用及其机制

目的:探讨黄芪多糖对咪喹莫特诱导的小鼠银屑病样皮炎的干预作用及其机制。方法:40只健康雌性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组、黄芪多糖高剂量组(200 mg/kg)、中剂量组(100 mg/kg)和低剂量组(50 mg/kg),共5组,每组8只,利用5%咪喹莫特乳膏涂抹小鼠背部制备银屑病样皮炎模型,监测各组小鼠PASI评分,并采用ELISA测定小鼠炎症因子分泌的变化,通过流式细胞术检测皮炎中巨噬细胞的浸润程度。结果:与空白对照组比较,模型组小鼠PASI评分明显增加(P<0.05),血清TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6水平明显升高(P<0.05),皮肤组织中浸润的巨噬细胞明显增加(P<0.05);与模型组比较,黄芪多糖高、中剂量组小鼠PASI评分明显明显减少(P<0.05),小鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6水平明显下调(P<0.05);黄芪多糖高剂量组小鼠皮肤组织中浸润的巨噬细胞明显减少(P<0.05)。结论:黄芪多糖通过抑制皮肤组织中巨噬细胞浸润,降低血清中TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的分泌,来改善小鼠银屑病样皮炎。     

Inhibition of infection‐mediated preterm birth by administration of broad spectrum chemokine inhibitor in mice

Preterm birth (PTB) is the single most important cause of perinatal and infant mortality worldwide. Maternal infection can result in PTB. We investigated the ability of a Broad Spectrum Chemokine Inhibitor (BSCI) to prevent infection‐induced PTB in mice. PTB was initiated in pregnant mice by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 50 μg). Half the mice received BSCI (10 mg/kg) 24 hrs prior to and immediately before LPS administration. The impact of LPS alone or LPS plus BSCI was assessed on (i) injection‐to‐delivery interval, foetal survival rate, placental and neonates' weight; (ii) amniotic fluid and maternal plasma cytokine levels (by Luminex assay); foetal and maternal tissue cytokine gene expression levels (by Real‐Time RT‐PCR); (iii) immune cells infiltration into the uterine tissue (by stereological immunohistochemistry). Pre‐treatment with BSCI (i) decreased LPS‐induced PTB (64% versus 100%, P < 0.05); (ii) significantly attenuated cytokine/chemokine expression in maternal tissues (plasma, liver, myometrium, decidua); (iii) significantly decreased neutrophil infiltration in the mouse myometrium. BSCI‐treated mice in which PTB was delayed till term had live foetuses with normal placental and foetal weight. BSCI represents a promising new class of therapeutics for PTB. In a mouse model of preterm labour, BCSI suppresses systemic inflammation in maternal tissues which resulted in the reduced incidence of LPS‐mediated PTB. These data provide support for efforts to target inflammatory responses as a means of preventing PTB.     

CELF2 is a candidate prognostic and immunotherapy biomarker in triple-negative breast cancer and lung squamous cell carcinoma: A pan-cancer analysis

CUGBP Elav-like family member 2(CELF2) plays crucial roles in the development and activation of T cell. However, the impacts of CELF2 on tumour-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and clinical outcomes of tumours remain unclear. In this study, we found that elevated CELF2 expression was markedly correlated with prolonged survival in multiple tumours, particularly in breast and lung cancers. Notably, CELF2 only impacted the prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with lymph node metastasis. Further investigation showed CELF2 expression was positively correlated with the infiltration abundance of dendritic cells (DCs), CD8+ T cells and neutrophils in breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) and DCs in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). CELF2 also had strong correlations with markers of diverse TIICs such as T cells, tumour-associated macrophages and DCs in BRCA and LUSC. Importantly, CELF2 was significantly associated with plenty of immune checkpoint molecules (ICMs) and outperformed five prevalent biomarkers including PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, CD8 and tumour mutation burden in predicting immunotherapeutic responses. Immunohistochemistry also revealed lower protein levels of CELF2 in TNBC and LUSC compared to normal tissues, and patients with high expression showed significantly prolonged prognosis. In conclusion, we demonstrated that increased CELF2 expression was closely related to better prognosis and superior TIIC infiltration and ICM expression, particularly in BRCA and LUSC. CELF2 also performed well in evaluating the immunotherapeutic efficacy, suggesting CELF2 might be a promising biomarker.     

金莲花种子的休眠、萌发与活力的研究

金莲花种子存在生理休眠现象,采用4周以上冷湿处理或不同浓度GA_3处理可以打破休眠,GA_3的最适浓度为500μg/g。不同年份收获的种子活力不同,表现在种子重量、用同样浓度GA_3处理时的发芽率及种子的最适发芽温度范围不同,1989年的种子活力低,最适发芽温度25℃左右(发芽率90％),而1990年新收的种子,从15°～25℃发芽率都高达95％以上。应用GA_3有机溶剂渗入法,可打破金莲花种子休眠促进萌发,效果良好,可以推广应用。     

海拔及旅游干扰对武功山山地草甸土壤渗透性的影响

土壤渗透能力是影响土壤侵蚀的重要因素之一,是反映土壤水源涵养及调节功能的重要指标,目前对于亚热带山地草甸土壤渗透性方面研究较少。江西武功山草甸是亚热带山地草甸的典型代表,以面积广和分布基准海拔低的特点,在华东植被垂直带谱中具有典型性和特殊性,但是人为干扰和过度旅游开发使武功山脆弱的山地草甸出现严重退化和破碎化态势。以武功山不同海拔及旅游干扰程度山地草甸土壤为研究对象,分别测定0—20 cm和20—40 cm土层土壤的初渗率、稳渗率、平均入渗率、前60分钟渗透总量、温度、湿度、容重、最大持水量、最小持水量、毛管持水量、pH、有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾等理化指标,分析不同海拔及干扰程度草甸土壤渗透性特征,探讨影响土壤渗透性的相关因子,为亚热带地区退化草甸的修复及可持续经营提供参考。结果表明:(1)1600—1800 m范围,随着海拔升高,土壤渗透性呈降低趋势,在1900 m范围土壤渗透性又有所提高,各海拔土壤渗透性排序为1600 m1700 m1900 m1800 m。(2)随着干扰程度增强,草甸土壤渗透性呈降低趋势,各干扰程度的土壤渗透性排序为无干扰轻度干扰中度干扰重度干扰。(3)所有草甸分布区0—20 cm土层的土壤渗透性均高于20—40 cm土层,初渗率平均入渗率稳渗率。(4)通用经验模型更适合武功山草甸土壤水分入渗过程,Horton模型次之,Philip模型和Kostiakov模型拟合效果都比较差。(5)土壤渗透性与土壤湿度、毛管持水量呈显著正相关(P0.05),与容重呈显著负相关(P0.05),初渗率及平均入渗率与速效氮含量显著正相关(P0.05),稳渗率、平均入渗率、渗透总量与速效钾含量呈显著正相关(P0.05)。