制药工程“微生物学实验”课程的项目化教学探索与实践

为了培养学生的自主学习能力和实践创新能力,按照工程教育专业认证要求基于成果导向教育(outcome based education, OBE)理念设计课程教学,将制药工程微生物学实验课实验教学项目设置成入门、进阶和自主3种项目等级。实验项目内容由浅入深、逐级递进、层层相关,教学过程以学生为中心,并结合线上教学手段和竞赛机制的支持。实践结果表明,经过项目化教学改革,在教师教学和学生学习成效两个方面均得到明显提升,学生在论文撰写能力、动手能力等方面也有了明显的进步,值得后续进一步总结和推广。     

基于微波热声层析成像定量重建生物组织电导率的改进方法

目的 生物电磁学参数中的电导率与组织的功能性信息直接相关,精准重建生物组织电导率在医学成像技术和医学诊断领域中有着重要意义。本文改进定量微波热声层析成像（microwave-induced thermoacoustic tomography,MTAT）算法,使组织电导率的重建精度提高。方法 本文在利用有限元离散法求解热声波动方程和亥姆霍兹方程的基础之上,提出了一种基于正则化牛顿迭代法（regularized Newton iteration method,RNIM）定量重建组织电导率的改进方法。结果 通过数值模拟实验和含不同浓度NaCl溶液的仿体实验,验证了算法改进的有效性。组织仿体实验结果表明,目标在不同位置、不同大小、不同对比度情况下,相比于定量微波热声层析成像采用拟合（fitting）的方法,采用正则化牛顿法定量重建的仿体电导率相对误差明显降低,重建目标精度提高。在仿体实验中采用RNIM方法重建相同浓度的单目标在不同位置的电导率变化幅度更小,以及重建多目标电导率的相对比值与实际更接近,实验结果验证了改进方法的稳定性。结论 研究结果表明优化算法能更加准确地定量重建组织仿体的电导率,...     

电场对完整青蛙横纹肌收缩机理的椭圆偏振法研究

利用能反映肌纤维内部结构的椭圆偏振参数研究恒定电场,脉冲电场对完整的青蛙横纹肌收缩的影响,研究表明,电场对肌纤维作用后,肌质网释放钙离子,致使肌纤维中蛋白质分子运动后出现收缩效应。实验发现：椭圆偏参数的测量灵敏度和肌小节长度有关,蛋白质运动规律和电场的性质的关系无的差异,只有量的不同。它们的共同特点是,随着电场强度的逐渐增强,其退偏率的变化呈先下降一上升的凹形曲线,这是由于电场引起的肌球蛋白分子极     

酵母样真菌快速分型诊断

为进一步解决感染酵母样真菌病患者的早期诊断和治疗,我们采用了一种快速、简便、准确鉴定和分类酵母样真菌的方法——纸片法,同时对纸片法与传统的方法(生长图谱法)进行了比较。217株酵母样真菌的鉴定结果准确率达100％,其中白念珠菌检出率最高155株占71.42％,为最常见菌,其次是热带念珠20株占9.22％,其它四种念珠菌16株占7.37％,还有分类及种未定酵母菌26株占11.98％。以上观察结果其检出率和国内外报道的资料相似。我们认为用纸片法鉴定酵母样真菌,操作过程简单易行、费用低廉、准确快速,可尽早为临床提供治疗依据。     

iBench: A ground truth approach for advanced validation of mass spectrometry identification method

The discovery of many noncanonical peptides detectable with sensitive mass spectrometry inside, outside, and on cells shepherded the development of novel methods for their identification, often not supported by a systematic benchmarking with other methods. We here propose iBench, a bioinformatic tool that can construct ground truth proteomics datasets and cognate databases, thereby generating a training court wherein methods, search engines, and proteomics strategies can be tested, and their performances estimated by the same tool. iBench can be coupled to the main database search engines, allows the selection of customized features of mass spectrometry spectra and peptides, provides standard benchmarking outputs, and is open source. The proof-of-concept application to tryptic proteome digestions, immunopeptidomes, and synthetic peptide libraries dissected the impact that noncanonical peptides could have on the identification of canonical peptides by Mascot search with rescoring via Percolator (Mascot+Percolator).     

Milk metabolites can characterise individual differences in animal resilience to a nutritional challenge in lactating dairy goats

The aim of this study is built in two phases: to quantify the ability of novel milk metabolites to measure between-animal variability in response and recovery profiles to a short-term nutritional challenge, then to derive a resilience index from the relationship between these individual variations. At two different stages of lactation, sixteen lactating dairy goats were exposed to a 2-d underfeeding challenge. The first challenge was in late lactation, and the second was carried out on the same goats early in the following lactation. During the entire experiment period, samples were taken at each milking for milk metabolite measures. For each metabolite, the response profile of each goat was characterised using a piecewise model for describing the dynamic pattern of response and recovery profiles after the challenge relative to the start of the nutritional challenge. Cluster Analysis identified three types of response/recovery profiles per metabolite. Using cluster membership, multiple correspondence analyses (MCAs) were performed to further characterise response profile types across animals and metabolites. This MCA analysis identified three groups of animals. Further, discriminant path analysis was able to separate these groups of multivariate response/recovery profile type based on threshold levels of three milk metabolites: β-hydroxybutyrate, free glucose and uric acid. Further analyses were done to explore the possibility of developing an index of resilience from milk metabolite measures. Different types of performance response to short-term nutritional challenge can be distinguished using multivariate analyses of a panel of milk metabolites.     

Thyroid fine needle aspiration: the morphological features on ThinPrep® slide preparations. Eighty cases with histological control

This study had several purposes: to define cytomorphological features of thyroid cells that might be modified by alcohol fixation; to optimize May-Grünwald–Giemsa (MGG) staining on ThinPrep^® (TP; Cytyc Inc., Bexborough, MA, USA) slides and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of slides prepared by a liquid-based method with those obtained by conventional technique. This study included 120 cases of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the thyroid and 55 FNAs performed on surgically resected thyroid specimens. Histological control was available in 80 cases. In the first group of 120 FNAs, a split-sample technique was used for the TP. Three screenings were performed: first, an individual screening of the conventional smears (CS) and of the TP, a second screening to compare cells observed on the TP with the histological control and a third screening to assess the previously defined diagnostic criteria. Twenty-seven TP cases (22%) were considered unsatisfactory for diagnosis compared with 10 in CS (8%). The high rate of unsatisfactory cases with TP is likely to be due to the use of the split-sample technique. The sensitivity was 94% for CS and 81% for TP. The specificity was 67% and 60% for CS and TP, respectively. Two occult papillary carcinomas were missed by both methods. As for the MGG staining, the modified technique used for TP resulted in the same quality as the standard procedure. Conversely, TP did however induce uncommon morphological features. In this study, sensitivity and specificity levels are higher for CS than for TP; the difference may be explained by the fact that the methanol fixative used for TP induces some cytological alterations, especially in oncocytic tumours and lymphocytic thyroïditis.     

Crystal structure determination of basic phospholipase A2 from venom of Agkistrodon halys pallas by molecular replacement method

Basic phospholipase A₂ (BPLA₂) from the venom of Agkistrodon halys pallas has a strong ability to hemolyze erythrocytes. The asymmetrical unit of P2₁2₁2₁ crystal of BPLA₂ contains two molecules. Self-rotation function was used to study the orientation relationship of these two molecules. Cross-rotation and translation functions were then used to determine the orientations and positions of the two molecules in the unit cell. The model building and preliminary structure refinement were carried out. The result shows that the two molecules in the asymmetrical unit of orthorhombic crystal are related by a non-crystallographic 2-fold symmetry axis.     

干旱和盐胁迫诱导甜菜叶中的甜菜碱醛脱氢酶的积累

应用双向免疫扩散方法测定表明,甜菜叶片的甜菜碱醛脱氢酶能与菠菜的甜菜碱醛脱氢酶抗体发生交叉反应。渗透势－０．６５￣－２．６ＭＰａ的甘露醇溶液或２００～３００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＮａＣｌ溶液,诱导甜茶叶片甜菜碱醛脱氢酶积累明显增加。