基于精益管理对微创手术患者护理满意度影响分析

目的 分析精益管理应用于微创手术患者对护理满意度的影响。 方法 　选择2012年1—12月530例入住我院行微创治疗的患者作为管理前组,同时应用精益管理理念和方法选择2013年1—12月400例同类患者作为管理后组,比较两组患者对护理满意度差异。结果 管理后组明显优于管理后前组(P <0.05)。结论　精益管理有效改善了护理服务的质量,提高了微创手术患者对护理服务的满意度,同时促进了护理人员综合能力的提高,减少医疗设备的完好率,保证了手术的顺利完成。     

临床护理路径对囊性动脉瘤介入手术患者的应用研究

目的:应用临床护理路径,提高囊性动脉瘤介入手术患者的护理质量。方法:采用病例对照研究随机选择囊性动脉瘤患者60例。其中病例组30例,对照组30例,在相同治疗条件下病例组使用临床护理路径干预,对照组予以常规护理。结果:病例组使用临床护理路径后,与对照组相比平均住院日缩短P0.05,住院费用减少P0.05,患者满意度提高P0.05。结论:临床护理路径对囊性动脉瘤患者介入手术的干预效果有效,值得临床护理应用。     

自闭症儿童口腔正畸治疗中系统性心理预防与干预的作用

目的:评估系统性心理预防及干预在自闭症儿童口腔疾病治疗中的作用。方法:将在我医院进行正畸治疗的40例12~16岁自闭症患者按着随机分配分为对照组与实验组,每组各20例。在正畸治疗过程中,对照组实施常规心理行为预防及干预,包括:治疗前的基础准备、治疗过程中注意事项、治疗后康复方案及辅助治疗等。而对于实验组,除了实施常规的行为预防及干预外,还进行系统性心理行为预防及干预,包括:语言疏导、健康教育、辅助矫正、生命体征监测、肢体语言演示等。结果:实验组和控制组的孩子们能够完成正畸治疗,自闭症儿童治疗配合的的程度,听话依从性,显著高于对照组(P0.01),两组之间蛀牙数和牙龈指数存在差异(P0.05)。结论:系统性行为预防及干预能够提高自闭症儿童的配合合作的程度及医嘱依从性,值得在口腔正畸科门诊自闭症儿童患者中推广。     

枸杞茶饮联合综合护理对非酒精性脂肪肝临床研究

目的：探讨枸杞茶饮联合综合护理治疗非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）的临床效果。方法：选取60例NAFLD患者,随机分为照组和试验组,其中对照组30例,给予常规综合护理;试验组30例,在对照组基础上采用枸杞茶饮口服干预。比较两组患者的治疗效果,观察两组患者干预前后肝功能、血脂、胰岛素抵抗、脂联素、TNFα的指标。结果：实施干预后,试验组治疗总有效率高于对照组（P〈0．05）,两组患者ALT、AST、GGT、CHOL、TG、LP、HOMA—IR水平均有所下降,脂联素、TNF-α均有所升高,但试验组改善的更明显,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：枸杞茶饮联合综合护理能较好的改善NAFLD患者的生化指标,起到较好的治疗作用。     

综合护理对糖尿病足患者心理状态与生活质量的影响

目的：探讨综合护理对糖尿病足患者心理状态与生活质量的影响。方法：选取52例糖尿病足患者,随机分为照组和试验组,各26例,对照组给予常规护理,试验组采用综合护理进行干预。采用Zung焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）评价两纽患者心理状态,并用社会功能缺陷筛选量表（SDSS）和2型糖尿病生活质量量表（DMQI_,s）对两组患者生活质量进行评价。结果：两组患者干预前SAS、SDS、SDSS、DMQLS评分无差异,实施干预后,两组患者均有SAS、SDS、SDSS评分下降、DMQLS评分升高,但试验组患者SAS、SDS、SDSS评分下降及DMQLS评分升高更明显,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：综合护理有助于改善糖尿病足患者焦虑、抑郁负性情绪,提高生活质量。     

阶段变化护理干预对慢性肾功能衰竭血液透析患者生活质量的影响

目的：探究阶段变化护理干预对慢性肾功能衰竭血液透析患者生活质量的影响。方法：选取2010年8月至2012年8月我院收治因慢性肾功能衰竭行血液透析的患者72例,采用随机的方法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组36例。对照组患者采取常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上采用阶段变化护理干预,观察比较两组患者的护理效果。结果：两组患者经护理后生活质量均有显著提高,对照组患者的总体生活质量为11.41±1.87,观察组患者的总体生活质量为12.47±2.33。观察组患者的总体生活质量明显高与对照组,存在显著差异,具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：采取阶段变化护理干预,可以大大提高慢性肾功能衰竭血液透析患者的生活质量,促进患者病情的改善,值得临床借鉴使用。     

新加坡综合护理干预对老年急性脑梗死患者康复的影响

目的：探讨系统护理干预措施对老年急性脑梗死患者康复情况的影响。方法：将84例脑梗塞患者随机分为观察组（n=37）与对照组（n=37）,对照组采用常规护理方法,观察组给予综合护理干预,分析比较两组病例采用不同的训练及护理方法患者症状的缓解情况。结果：观察组的总体有效率为95．23％（40／42）,明显高于对照组的76．19％（32／42）,两组有效率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。观察组护理后的Nmss评分为5．63±3．82,明显低于对照组的8．61±4．75,两组NIHss评分比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。观察组护理后的ADL评分为50．62±15．37,明显高于对照组的33．85±12．16,两组ADL评分比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0,05）。结论：脑梗死患者给予系统护理干预措施,有助于改善脑梗死患者的预后,提高其生活质量。     

联合护理对大剂量糖皮质激素冲击治疗重症药疹副作用及并发症的影响分析

目的分析联合护理对大剂量糖皮质激素冲击治疗重症药疹副作用及并发症的影响。方法对我院收治的42例重症药疹患者采用整群随机抽样法分成对照组和观察组各21例,两组患者均应用大剂量糖皮质激素治疗,同时接受健康宣教、皮肤护理等常规护理,观察组在上述基础上联合采用护理干预。观察两组患者血压升高、消化道出血、水电解质紊乱、肝肾功能衰竭及严重感染等并发症情况,检测两组干预前后肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平并进行组间比较,并对两组患者的退热时间及皮疹消退时间进行比较。结果观察组患者的血压升高、消化道出血等副作用及并发症发生率均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。两组干预后的TNF-α水平均低于干预前(均P<0.05),而且观察组干预后的TNF-α水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者的退热时间及皮疹消退时间比较,观察组均短于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论联合护理干预可减少大剂量糖皮质激素冲击治疗重症药疹患者相关并发症,降低炎性因子水平,加快临床症状缓解。     

Oral healthcare issues in rural residential aged care services in Victoria,Australia

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2012.00652.x Oral healthcare issues in rural residential aged care services in Victoria, Australia Objectives: To identify major issues in providing and accessing oral health care in Victorian rural residential aged care services from the perspectives of dentists, aged care staff and residents. Methods: Structured interviews were conducted with five dentists, nine aged care staff and six residents. Three focus groups were conducted with aged care staff. These data were thematically analysed independently by two researchers. Results: The challenges reported by dentists included complexity of care, infrastructure needs and need for skill development. Aged care staff reported lack of skills and confidence in providing oral hygiene care, especially in residents with natural teeth, and an increasing burden on their daily workload. Residents reported concern and shame regarding their declining oral health status and increased challenges accessing appropriate oral health care. Conclusion: These findings indicate the need to build and sustain aged care ‘oral health teams’ who are able to provide daily oral hygiene care for residents and mentor other staff. Rural dentists need access to gerodontic training, portable equipment and appropriate workspaces in aged care services. Aged care and oral health services need to establish clear referral and communication pathways.     

The association between circadian rest-activity patterns and the behavioral and psychological symptoms depending on the cognitive status in Japanese nursing-home residents

ABSTRACT

Background: Limited information is available on the relationship between sleep disturbances during nighttime and the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in older nursing-home residents. However, a few reports on the association between the circadian rest-activity rhythm and the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in older residents have been published. The main objective of the present study was to examine the association among the circadian rest-activity rhythm, behavioral and psychological symptoms, and the cognitive function status among older individuals living in facilities. Method: The investigation was conducted from September 2017 to February 2018, and participants were recruited from five nursing homes in Akita prefecture, Japan, after obtaining patient agreement to participate in the study. To measure nonparametric circadian rest-activity parameters such as interdaily stability, intradaily variability, relative amplitude, mean of the least active 5-h period, and mean of the most active 10-h period, Actigraph devices were worn on the participants’ nondominant wrists continuously for seven days. The score or classification of the cognitive status and the severity of the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) were assessed using the clinical dementia rating (CDR) and the dementia behavior disturbance scale (DBD), respectively. The binomial logistic regression model was applied to clarify which kinds of circadian rest-activity parameters predicted the cognitive status in nursing home residents as well as the BPSD outcome. A multi-level model was also used to examine the association between the nonparametric rest-activity parameters and the BPSD outcome explained by the cognitive status among older individuals in facilities. Results: Seventy-seven participants (49 residents with dementia, and 28 residents without dementia) were included in this study. According to the binomial logistic regression analysis after adjusting for covariates, the classification of the cognitive status for older residents was associated with the DBD score (odds ratio, 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08, 1.38; p < 0.001), the IS (odds ratio, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.00, 1.00; p = 0.05) and the L5 (odds ratio, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.99, 1.00; p = 0.05). The results of a multi-level model also indicated that the IV at individual-level was significantly associated with the DBD score for nursing home residents, with the CDR score at cluster-level as an explanatory variable. As well, a significant association between the RA at individual level and the DBD score was observed in a multi-level model explained by the CDR score at cluster-level. Conclusion: Of these models, the multi-level model provided grounds for our proposal that the fragmentation or the amplitude of rest-activity parameters might be associated with the outcome of BPSD, considering the cognitive status of older individuals in different facilities. The findings offer practical insight into the prevention of BPSD and the improvement of rest-activity rhythms in rehabilitative care in nursing homes.