中国柄锈菌属—新变种和—新记录种（英文）

报道了中国柄锈菌属1新变种和1新记录种。大油芒Spodiopogon sibiricus上的三吉柄锈菌大油芒变种Puccinia miyoshiana var.spodiopogonis为新变种;田葛缕子Carum buriaticum上的密堆柄锈菌Puccinia microsphincta为中国新记录种。提供了详细的形态描述和线条图。研究标本保存在赤峰学院菌物标本室(CFSZ)和中国科学院菌物标本馆(HMAS)。     

豆科植物上单胞锈菌属—新变种和—中国新记录种（英文）

报道了豆科植物上单胞锈菌属1新变种和中国1新记录种。达乌里黄耆Astragalus dahuricus上的斑点单胞锈菌达乌里黄耆变种Uromyces punctatus var.dahuricus为新变种;山岩黄耆Hedysarum alpinum上的八岳山单胞锈菌Uromyces yatsugatakensis为中国新记录种。提供了详细的形态描述和线条图。研究标本保存在赤峰学院菌物标本室(CFSZ)和中国科学院菌物标本馆(HMAS)。     

Olfactory cues explain differential attraction of the striped rice stem borer to different varieties of rice plant

In Iranian rice fields, different varieties of rice are cultivated which are differentially impacted by females of the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis. To elucidate the role odours may play in their host plant finding behaviour, female Ch. suppressalis were exposed to four varieties of rice plants and their volatiles in a four‐arm olfactometer. In whole plant tests, Ch. suppressalis were significantly attracted to the variety previously characterized as most susceptible, least attracted to one characterized as semisusceptible, and showed no attraction to those varieties characterized as semi‐ and highly resistant. Tests using headspace volatile extracts yielded similar results in the case of the most susceptible variety, but showed no attraction to the semisusceptible and highly resistant varieties, and low attraction to the semiresistant variety. Subsequent analysis of the volatile composition identified a panel of 27 components, some of which were either unique to, or abundantly present in, particular varieties, and may explain the observed variation in their attractiveness. Our findings show that rice plant volatiles can play a role in the host selection behaviour of this pest species, and we suggest compounds which may be important to this process and the future application of volatiles in rice pest management programs.     

甘肃扁蓿豆属(豆科)一新变种——天祝扁蓿豆

该文描述了甘肃东祁连山发现的豆科( Leguminosae)扁蓿豆属( Melilotoides)一新变种———天祝扁蓿豆(Melilotoides ruthenica var. tianhzhuensis C. L. Xu )。该变种植株节间(3~18 mm)短于原变种(30~65 mm);叶片小于原变种;小叶宽卵形或倒卵形;花冠外部(背部)和内部(腹部)均为黄色,且不带紫色和条纹。上述特征与原变种明显不同,易于区别。     

四倍体异育银鲫新品种长丰鲫肌肉品质和营养成分分析

研究对长丰鲫、彭泽鲫、异育银鲫D系以及红鲫的肌肉品质和营养成分进行了对比分析。结果显示:肌纤维密度方面, 单位面积肌纤维密度长丰鲫最高[(184.2624.11) fiber/mm2], 其次为彭泽鲫[(149.7212.51)fiber/mm2]、异育银鲫D系[(134.4515.96) fiber/mm2]和红鲫[(119.8522.86) fiber/mm2]。粗蛋白含量、总氨基酸和呈味氨基酸方面, 长丰鲫、彭泽鲫和异育银鲫D系无明显区别。高度不饱和脂肪酸中(n3), 长丰鲫含量最高(24.2%), 依次为彭泽鲫(14.4%), 异育银鲫(11.3%)和红鲫(8.3%)。在高度不饱和脂肪酸中, 二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)长丰鲫含量最高(10.3%), 依次为红鲫(4.9%)、彭泽鲫(4.5%)和银鲫(2.9%); 花生四烯酸(AA)长丰鲫含量最高(8.3%), 依次为彭泽鲫(5.1%)、银鲫(3.8%)和红鲫(0.6%)。结果表明, 长丰鲫新品种在所检测的肌肉品质和营养成分指标方面, 优于彭泽鲫、异育银鲫D系和红鲫。     

地黄SCoT分子标记体系的建立和指纹图谱的构建

该研究采用L_(25)(5~6)正交设计和单因素两种方法,对影响地黄SCoT-PCR反应的5个因素(模板DNA浓度,引物浓度,ddH_2O和Mix的用量以及退火温度)进行了优化。结果表明:优化后的反应体系总体积为25μL,含有8μL ddH_2O,1μL模板DNA(80 ng·μL~(-1)),1μL引物(8μmol·L~(-1))和15μL Mix,退火温度为45℃。运用30份地黄种质材料,对优化的SCoT-PCR正交体系进行多次重复验证,获得了多态性丰富、条带清晰的扩增图谱,证明该反应体系稳定可靠。利用该体系对32条SCoT引物进行两次筛选,得到14个扩增产物清晰、重复性好且多态性条带相对较高的引物。利用SCoT_4等5条引物构建了上述地黄2个种共30份种质的SCoT指纹图谱。利用这5个SCoT引物指纹图谱可将7个地黄常用栽培品种区分开。这表明SCoT分子标记体系适用于地黄主要品种亲缘关系及遗传多样性的研究,所构建的指纹图谱也为地黄常见的7个栽培品种的区分提供参考依据。     

油菜耐盐碱种质鉴定与品种选育研究进展

盐碱地作为有效的耕地后备资源,其整治和利用尤为重要。油菜是世界上重要的油料作物,也是用于开发利用盐碱地的重要作物之一。从渗透调节物质、抗氧化酶活性、光合作用参数以及盐碱胁迫相关基因报道等方面分析了油菜响应盐碱胁迫的生理生化和分子机制,全面阐述了油菜苗期、营养生长期和成熟期耐盐碱种质的鉴定方法和优异资源筛选,概述了耐盐碱油菜品种选育和推广利用的最新状况,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望,为油菜耐盐碱新品种培育提供理论基础和育种思路。     

Effects of the susceptibility of rice varieties to Sogatella furcifera on nymphal development and reproduction of Microvelia horvathi through a food chain

The effects of four rice varieties highly susceptible （ Xiang-Zao-Xian31 and Jia-Yu 164 ）, moderately susceptible （ Wei-You402 ）, and resistant （ Zhu-Liang-You02 ） to the whitebacked planthopper Sogatellafurcifera on the nymphal development, reproduc- tion and survival of Microvelia horoathi were investigated through a food chain using SogateUafurcifera as herbivore prey. Significant longer nymphal developmental time were observed in the 1 st, 4th, 5th instar and whole nymphal stage of M. horvathi raised on S. furcifera fed ZLY02 and WY402 than those of the other two varieties. M. horvathi raised on S. furcifera fed resistant ZLY02 showed a significant lower survival of whole nymphal stage than those fed other three susceptible varieties. Moreover, M. horvathi raised on S. furcifera fed resistant ZLY02 had shorter female longevity and lower lifetime fecundity than those of on susceptible XZX3l. Our results suggest that the S. furcifera- resistant rice variety ZLY02 had a negative effect on the growth and development of the predator M. horvathi through a food chain.