油菜耐盐碱种质鉴定与品种选育研究进展

盐碱地作为有效的耕地后备资源，其整治和利用尤为重要。油菜是世界上重要的油料作物，也是用于开发利用盐碱地的重要作物之一。从渗透调节物质、抗氧化酶活性、光合作用参数以及盐碱胁迫相关基因报道等方面分析了油菜响应盐碱胁迫的生理生化和分子机制，全面阐述了油菜苗期、营养生长期和成熟期耐盐碱种质的鉴定方法和优异资源筛选，概述了耐盐碱油菜品种选育和推广利用的最新状况，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望，为油菜耐盐碱新品种培育提供理论基础和育种思路。

Advances on Germplasm Identification and Variety Breeding to Saline-alkali Stress of Rapeseed

As an effective reserve land resource of cultivated land， the regulation and utilization of saline alkali land is particularly important. Rapeseed is an important oil crop in the world， which is one of the few crops used to develop and utilize in saline-alkali fields. In this paper， the physiological， biochemical and molecular mechanisms of rapeseed response to saline alkali stress were analyzed from the aspects of osmotic regulators， antioxidant enzyme activities， photosynthetic parameters and reports of genes related to saline alkali stress. The identification methods were comprehensively expounds and excellent germplasm of saline alkali tolerant were screened during the seedling stage， vegetative growth stage and mature stage of rapeseed. The latest status of variety selection and utilization of saline alkali tolerant rapeseed were summarized， and the research direction in the future was prospected. It was expected to provide the theoretical basis and breeding ideas for the cultivation of new saline-alkali tolerant varieties in rapeseed.