Vegetation Components of a Subtropical Rural Landscape in China

To assess the overall vegetation changes and their ecological significance, following landscape evolution, plant composition and physical structures of the homegardens (woodlots and vegetation patches with hedgerow fence) and field boundaries were examined in the rural landscape of subtropical China in order to determine their ecological significance. Field surveys on landscape changes and plant composition were carried out in two typical villages in the Yangtze river plain. Analysis of landscape changes and plant composition showed that the rural landscape is diverse both in terms of types of elements and plant species. The vegetation types in the area have undergone frequent alterations by human beings following major changes of landscape management due to economic and social reforms. The plant diversity of the various vegetation types in the area is related to the duration of colonization of the vegetation type, the extent of disturbance by human beings, and the physical structure diversity of the vegetation type. In the discussion, the plant diversity and heterogeneity of the physical environment in any vegetation type is of importance for the ecological sustainability of the landscape.     

河南宝天曼锐齿栎林群落学特征

锐齿栎群落是我国暖温带地区主要植物群落类型之一,广泛分布于各山区的阳坡,同时它也是我国暖温带地区重要的用材资源之一。我国暖温带地区人口密集,开发较早而且强度较高,研究认识该区锐齿栎群落特征和物种多样性,对有计划地发展、保护和合理开发利用其资源以及区域林业可持续发展具有重要意义。陈灵芝等[1]对北京山区的栎林进行了研究,河南宝天曼保护区锐齿栎群落的研究尚未见报道,我们于1994年～1995年对该区锐齿栎群落进行了初步研究。1　研究地区概况宝天曼自然保护区位于河南省西南部内乡县境内,伏牛山南麓,地理坐标为北纬33°25′～3…     

浙江天童国家森林公园常绿阔叶林演替前期的群落生态学特征

本文在天童国家森林公园内采用固定样地法,研究了常绿阔叶林演替前期（包括次生灌丛和马尾松Ｐｉｎｕｓ ｍａｓｓｏｎｉａｎａ林）的群落生态学特征。结果表明,随着群落的演替,群落的和种组成明显增加,群落的外貌结构逐步形成并明显地分化,为常绿叶林演替的深入研究提供基本资料。     

河南省啮齿动物区系与区划研究

河南省啮齿动物计有32 种, 隶属于2目7 科4亚科。本文在野外考察的基础上, 结合前人的工作, 对河南省啮齿动物区系种的组成和区系特征进行了分析, 并与邻近地区作了比较,就啮齿动物进行了区划研究, 将河南全境划分成6个三级省、8 个四级州;在区划中给出了防治建议;另就古北界与东洋界在河南省境内的分界线间题提出了新的看法。     

湖南省种子植物2个新记录种

报道湖南省新记录2种，为绿花油点草(Tricyrtis viridula Takah.)和小果马银花(Rhododendron microcarpum R. L. Liu et L. M. Gao)，均发现于罗霄山脉地区。文中简述了新记录的主要识别特征，分类历史及区系地理学意义。     

Integrative taxonomy reveals extreme morphological conservatism in sympatric Mugil species from the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic

The biodiversity crisis has had particularly harsh impacts on marine environments. However, there is still considerable uncertainty about how many species have been seriously impacted and the effectiveness of protection measures (e.g., marine protected areas or MPAs) due to high levels of cryptic species in many taxa. Here, we employ an integrative taxonomy approach to mullet species in the genus Mugil. In addition to its high economic value, this genus is notable for having diversified ~29 million years ago without marked morphological and ecological divergence. We obtained 129 specimens of Mugil from the Coral Coast MPA, the largest of its kind in the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic marine province. Although morphometric and meristic traits revealed six taxonomically recognized species, only five mitochondrial lineages were observed. All individuals morphologically identified as M. incilis belonged to the mitochondrial lineage of Mugil curema, which is consistent with misidentification of morphologically similar species and an overestimation of species diversity. Remarkably, Mugil species in our sample that diverged up to ~23 million years ago are also the most morphologically similar (M. curema and M. rubrioculus), suggesting extreme morphological conservatism, possibly driven by similarities in habitat use and life‐history traits. This study demonstrates the potential utility of integrative taxonomy (including DNA barcoding) for contributing to the conservation and sustainable use of natural resources.     

A Brief Sketch of the Monte Hermoso Human Footprint Site,South Coast of Buenos Aires Province,Argentina

Tracksites representing early human occupation are rare in South America. However, they have been reported in association with mammal and bird tracks from two coastal sites in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Both sites are reported in separate papers in this volume. In this paper a brief summary of the better known site is given on the basis of published information and the author's observations.     

江西材小蠹族Xyleborini(Coleoptera:Scolytinae)分类研究

为明确江西材小蠹族种类,通过系统调查,对江西材小蠹族昆虫进行了分类学研究。研究发现江西材小蠹族共16属21种,其中江西新记录种13种,中国新记录种3种:Ancipitis depressus(Eggers)、Debus fallax(Eichhoff)、Leptoxyleborus sordicauda(Motschulsky)。文中给出了标本信息及其在中国的分布、寄主和部分具有重要经济意义的种类的生物学特性以及新记录种的主要形态特征和成虫特征图。     

软枝青冈,福建壳斗科一新种

报道了分布于我国福建西部的壳斗科（Fagaceae）青冈属（Cyclobalanopsis Oerst.）一新种——软枝青冈（Cyclobalanopsis reclinatocaulis M.M.Lin）。该新种与青冈（Cyclobalanopsis glauca（Thunb.）Oerst.）相似，但冬芽淡红褐色；叶薄革质，椭圆形至卵状椭圆形，边缘常具浅锯齿，叶背干后常呈暗灰色；壳斗环带8~10环；小坚果常为倒卵球形或倒卵状椭球形，先端略凹陷，密被短柔毛，柱座底宽3~4 mm，有7~8圆环而与后者相区别。     

Africa's Clarias gariepinus (Teleostei: Clariidae) appears in rivers in Brazil

As a major tributary of the Nyl River, and ultimately for the Nylsvley wetland, the Olifantspruit, Limpopo province, South Africa, was investigated during the summer (high flow) and winter (low flow) of 2007 at three sites. This preliminary study used physical and biological indicators to determine the quality of the water that ultimately flows into Nylsvley. Significant seasonal differences were found. The observed differences relate to habitat structural differences and human activities in the catchment. Key findings included higher water temperatures during the high-flow period than during the low-flow period. The higher temperatures were accompanied by lower concentrations of dissolved oxygen at all sites. In total, 13 fish species were recorded, with most being found in the pool biotopes. The Nantes site, located nearest to the Nylsvley wetland, had the highest number of fish species, possibly indicating a linkage between these two systems. The most common macroinvertebrate families were the Baetidae, Aeshnidae and Coenagrionidae. It can be assumed that this river acts as an important refuge area for fish and macroinvertebrates from the Nyl River, and therefore it is important to conserve the Olifantspruit.