Morphometric Analysis of Hepatocellular carcinoma

Ｍｏｒｐｈｏｍｅｔｒｉｃ　Ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ　ｏｆ　Ｈｅｐａｔｏｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒ　ｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａＬａｉＭａｏ－ｄｅ（来茂德）;ＣｈｅｎＰｅｉ－ｈｕｉ（陈培辉）ａｎｄＺｈｏｕＳｈｕｉ－ｙｕｎ（周水云）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＰａｔｈｏｌｏｇｙ,Ｚｈ...     

Pathways of ultraviolet mutability in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. IV. The relation between canavanine toxicity and ultraviolet mutability to canavanine resistance.

Seven umr mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae which had reduced capacity for ultraviolet light (UV)-induced forward mutation from CAN1 to can1 were tested for sensitivity to L-canavanine relative to one wild-type UMR strain and one slightly UV-sensitive but phenotypically umr⁺ strain (mutant 306). Relative UV mutation resistance was estimated by dividing the UV fluence needed to yeild a particular induced mutation frequency by that needed to reach the same frequency in the genotypic wild-type strain. The umr5 and umr6 strains were especially sensitive to canavanine growth inhibition, while umr1 was no more sensitive than either wild type; umr2, umr3, umr4, a umr7, and α umr7 were equally sensitive to an intermediate degree. Incubation at 30°C of wildtype cells plated on canavanine-selective agar for increasingly longer times before UV irradiation resulted in decreasing UV mutation frequencies (reduced to 50% in 1.6 h). All umr strains tested in this way lost UV mutability faster than wild type, including mutant 306, umr1 (not sensitive to growth inhibition), and umr6 (very sensitive to growth inhibition). Cells were grown to stationary phase in YEDP growth medium and assayed for arginine and tryptophan transport into the cell. The umr6 strain, which had weak UV mutation resistance but high sensitivity to canavanine growth inhibition, transported arginine and tryptophan at essentially wild-type levels. The umr1 strain, however, which had moderate UV mutation resistance and normal canavanine toxicity, transported both amino acids at rates tenfold higher than wild type. The data suggest that increased canavanine toxicity does not necessarily lead to defective mutability at CAN1, and that mutational deficiency cannot result solely from increased canavanine toxicity. Although exposure to canavanine was shown to block mutation fixation and/or expression, it is suggested that the degree of growth inhibition is not strictly correlated with the degree of mutation resistance.     

Two- and three-phase mixing in a concentric draft tube gas-lift fermentor

Two- and three-phase mixing studies were carried out in a 44-L concentric draft tube gas-lift fermentor. It was proposed to use the fermentor for the production of solvents using immobilized bacteria. Bubble size, gas holdup, liquid velocities, circulation, and mixing times were determined for various superficial gas velocities in distilled water, starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, and ethanol solutions. The observed trends for two phase mixing were similar to other studies but the results were found to be more sensitive to liquid properties. This was possibly due to the large value of downcomer to riser area used in this study. Mixing in three phases highlighted the difficulty in predicting the effect of adding solids to the gas-liquid system. Results showed that the gas-lift fermentor was ideally suited to dealing with three phases but more work is necessary before accurate models can be developed to account for the effect of solids.     

Cancer: Towards a general theory of the target

General theories (GT) are reductionist explications of apparently independent facts. Here, in reviewing the literature, I develop a GT to simplify the cluttered landscape of cancer therapy targets by revealing they cluster parsimoniously according to only a few underlying principles. The first principle is that targets can be only exploited by either or both of two fundamentally different approaches: causality‐inhibition, and ‘acausal’ recognition of some marker or signature. Nonetheless, each approach must achieve both of two separate goals, efficacy (reduction in cancer burden) and selectivity (sparing of normal cells); if the mechanisms are known, this provides a definition of rational treatment. The second principle is target fragmentation, whereby the target may perform up to three categoric functions (cytoreduction, modulation, cytoprotection), potentially mediated by physically different target molecules, even on different cell types, or circulating freely. This GT remains incomplete until the minimal requirements for cure, or alternatively, proof that cure is impossible, become predictable.     

Three‐dimensional ring‐oven washing technique for a paper‐based immunodevice

Washing is a standard step for enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) performed on a paper‐based chip, in which nonspecific‐binding antibodies and antigens should be removed completely from the paper surface. In this study, a novel three‐dimensional (3D) washing strategy using a heating ring‐oven was carried out on a paper‐based chip. Compared with a plane washing mode by a ring‐oven, this 3D washing strategy obtained a lower background, as gravity played an important role in the washing step. The paper‐based chip was placed on a 3D plastic holder and the waste area was connected to a heating ring. Use of a heating waste area meant that the nonspecific‐binding protein was continuously carried to the waste area through gravity and capillary action. The angle between the plastic holder and the ring plane was carefully selected. The effect of washing on different parts of the detection area was investigated by upconversion fluorescence and chemiluminescence (CL). This novel 3D washing strategy was performed for carcinoembryonic antigen detection through CL and a lower detection limit of 2 pg ml^?1 was obtained. This approach provides an effective washing strategy to remove nonspecific‐binding antibody from a paper‐based immunodevice.     

甘肃省生境质量变化的图谱特征

生境质量是影响地区生态系统服务价值和保护地球生态系统中生物多样性的重要因素。以地处三大自然区交汇带的甘肃省为研究对象,在定量估算地区2000—2018年生境质量水平基础上,基于图谱变化分析理论和InVEST模型,探索地区生境质量时空分异格局及其图谱转移状态和变化强度。结果表明: 2000—2018年,甘肃省生境质量总体维持中等水平并略有提升,在空间上自北向南呈逐级递增的阶梯式变化特征,在数量上则高低并存;从图谱转移视角分析,甘肃省生境质量格局较为稳定,未发生状态转移的图谱单元占主导,而在发生了生境质量状态转移的图谱单元中,“较高较低”、“较高高”、“较高低”这6类状态间的互换转移最显著,空间分布也较为集聚; “北剧南和”是甘肃省生境质量变化强度的主要格局,自北向南依次为“强变区”、“复合区”、“温缓区”和“平和区”4类变化强度区。     

南北疆区域经济差异化三维生态足迹自然资本利用的时空演变

如何刻画自然资源消费在区域间的流转机制及其对生态的影响,是测度区域可持续发展的难点。采用改进后的三维生态足迹模型并引入存量流量利用比和资本流量占用率,对2003—2018年新疆区域三维生态足迹进行核算,并分别测度新疆各地州市自然资本利用的程度,聚焦南北疆地区自然资本利用的差异性,利用偏最小二乘法(PLS)找出影响生态足迹变化的动因,最后结合基尼系数及差异系数量化南北疆经济差异程度,从自然和经济视角探究南北疆可持续发展态势与差异。结果表明:①2003—2018年新疆人均生态足迹持续增长,增长幅度为119.94%,人均生态承载力基本保持在1.7 hm~2左右,流量资本占用强度不断增加,生态赤字问题愈发严重。②研究期内,南北疆地区生态足迹的增长幅度和速度存在明显空间差异,呈现"北高快,南低慢"的态势。各地州市生态赤字情况呈现不同程度的增长趋势,高值区为北疆的克拉玛依市及天山北坡经济带。③第一产业增加值对生态足迹正向驱动作用最为显著,第三产业增加值对生态足迹起到逆向驱动作用。④2003—2018年间,南北疆地区基尼系数维持在0.4—0.5之间,处于中警警度水平,南北疆区域经济差异系数变化波动不大,北疆区域经济差异系数明显高于南疆区域。     

白毫早茶园3种害虫与其捕食性天敌的数量、时间和空间关系

为了合理利用和保护天敌进行卵形短须螨、双斑长跗萤叶甲和假眼小绿叶蝉的综合防治,用灰色系统分析方法和生态位分析法对合肥地区白毫早茶园3种主要害虫与其捕食性天敌在数量、时间、空间等方面关系进行分析,利用害虫与天敌关系密切指数之和综合评判9种天敌与3种害虫关系密切的前四位天敌。2015年卵形短须螨的前四位天敌是鳞纹肖蛸(5.3079)、三突花蟹蛛(5.1716)、锥腹肖蛸(4.8367)和草间小黑蛛(4.7869);2016年前四位天敌依次是三突花蟹蛛(5.3975)、鳞纹肖蛸(4.9414)、茶色新圆蛛(4.8757)、锥腹肖蛸(4.6815)。对两年结果综合分析,卵形短须螨的前四位天敌依次是三突花蟹蛛(10.5691)、鳞纹肖蛸(10.2493)、茶色新圆蛛(9.6353)和锥腹肖蛸(9.5182)。2015年双斑长跗萤叶甲的前四位天敌依次是锥腹肖蛸(5.6926)、异色瓢虫(5.6976)、八斑球腹蛛(5.5101)和斜纹猫蛛(5.4552);2016年依次是茶色新圆蛛(5.2909)、锥腹肖蛸(5.2710)、鳞纹肖蛸(5.1063)和斜纹猫蛛(5.0703)。对两年结果综合评判,双斑长跗萤叶甲的前四位天敌是锥腹肖蛸(10.9636)、茶色新圆蛛(10.6578)、异色瓢虫(10.7580)和鳞纹肖蛸(10.5437)。2015年假眼小绿叶蝉的前四位天敌依次是锥腹肖蛸(5.3614)、粽管巢蛛(5.2259)、斜纹猫蛛(5.1300)和茶色新圆蛛(4.7472);2016年是锥腹肖蛸(5.2666)、粽管巢蛛(5.2561)、草间小黑蛛(4.9376)和斜纹猫蛛(4.8335)。对两年结果综合评判,假眼小绿叶蝉的前四位天敌依次是锥腹肖蛸(10.6280)、粽管巢蛛(10.4820)、斜纹猫蛛(9.9635)和茶色新圆蛛(8.6137)。该研究结果为白毫早茶园3种害虫防治时合理保护和利用自然界的天敌的种类提供了科学依据。