银杏小孢子中的微核形成及其在进化过程中的意义

通过ＤＡＰＩ（４’,６－ｄｉａｍｉｄｉｎｏ－２－ｐｈｅｎｙｌｉｎｄｏｌｅ）染色的压片,对银杏小孢子的形成过程进行了观察,发现小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中,有的细胞在中期Ｉ、中期Ⅱ时出现染色体排列异常和后期染色体桥等畸变。所形成的四分体中,具有一定数量的微核;个别植株的四分体中可有高达６．５％的微核;具微核的小孢子很可能败育。结合古植物方面的研究结果,银杏小孢子形成过程的这些异常规象为认识银杏的演化趋     

不同采收期银杏叶总内酯及黄酮甙的含量测定

采用ＨＰＬＣ法对不同采收期银杏叶总内酯及黄酮甙含量进行测定,结果表明,八至九月采收的银杏叶总内酯及黄酮甙含量均较高。     

The secretory apparatus of Ginkgo biloba: structure,differentiation and analysis of the secretory product

Summary The differentiation of the secretory cavities of Ginkgo stem and the structural organization of the epithelial cells were followed by light and electron microscopy. The mode of formation of the cavities is schizo-lysigeneous. Functional complexes of leucoplasts and associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes are assumed to be the site of synthesis and translocation of the lipophilic secretory product. Most of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes are paired. The content of the cavities was directly collected and analysed by low- and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The cavities contain anacardic acids and cardanols, which are long-chain phenol lipids not characteristic of Ginkgo. The relationship between the plastid/ER complexes and the production of these secondary metabolites is discussed.     

Cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase in Gymnosperms

ABSTRACT

Sixteen species of Gymnosperms have been screened for cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase by means of native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This analysis shows that a single form of the enzyme is the most common situation. The enzyme reveals a similar electrophoretic mobility in species belonging to the same genus and sometimes to different genera. In some Pinaceae, two bands of activity were observed. The presence in the archaic spermatophyte Ginkgo biloba, as well as in the more advanced monocotyledons, of three isoforms of ascorbate peroxidase, might suggest that three different cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase genes were already present in this archaic species.     

A comparison of methods for estimating common vole (Microtus arvalis) abundance in agricultural habitats

Rodent outbreaks cause significant crop damages in agricultural areas worldwide, but routinely monitoring large areas at low cost remains a challenge. The common vole Microtus arvalis has recently colonized the agricultural plains of the northern Iberian Plateau, an area where it has started to produce population outbreaks with important impacts in agriculture, the environment and human health. Vole monitoring has become of prime importance to implement preventive management measures to control populations. In order to find a simple and reliable vole monitoring method to be applied in large areas, we compared abundance estimates derived from three methods: capture–mark–recapture (CMR), single capture events (SCE) and presence/absence of vole activity signs (VAS) during three seasons and on the main agricultural habitats in the study area. We show that an activity index based on the presence of fresh droppings and/or clippings had a similar performance to SCE in a large sample of plots (n = 222) across habitats and seasons. Data obtained with both methods (SCE, VAS) were also well correlated with those obtained with CMR, despite a limited sample size (n = 23 CMR plots). We suggest that the VAS method, which is a cheaper and easier alternative to trapping methods, provides a promising tool for scientists and managers to implement large scale monitoring of common vole in agricultural areas.     

Purification and characterization of tubulin from ginkgo pollen

 Tubulin was purified by a combination of acetone powder preparation, DEAE Sephadex A-50 chromatography, Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration, and Mono Q anion exchange chromatography from the pollen of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.), a typical gymnosperm. The average yield of tubulin is 2 mg per 100 g of pollen grain. The purified tubulin is electrophoretically homogeneous. It seems to be composed of two subunits on SDS-PAGE and is resolved as two major spots on two-dimensional electrophoresis, preliminarily indicating that there are no obvious tubulin isotypes in ginkgo pollen. The apparent molecular weights of the two subunits are about 54 kDa and 52 kDa respectively, estimated from the SDS-PAGE. It was also demonstrated that tubulin from ginkgo pollen is immunochemically related to animal brain tubulin, and the purified tubulin was polymerized to microtubular aggregates in the presence of taxol and GTP in vitro. Received: 13 April 1996 / Revision accepted: 24 March 1997     

银杏叶提取物注射液联合单硝酸异山梨酯对经桡动脉穿刺冠脉介入后桡动脉闭塞和血流动力学的影响

摘要 目的：探究银杏叶提取物注射液联合单硝酸异山梨酯对经桡动脉穿刺冠脉介入后桡动脉闭塞（RAO）和血流动力学的影响。方法：选取2020年1月～2021年1月我院收治的120例经桡动脉穿刺冠脉介入患者为研究对象,使用随机数字表法分为观察组（n=59,单硝酸异山梨酯治疗）与对照组（n=61,对照组基础上联合银杏叶提取物注射液治疗）。探究两组患者术后7 d时、术后30 d时、术后3个月时RAO发生情况差异,比较两组患者治疗前、治疗2周后血流动力学指标[收缩期峰速度(PSV)、舒张末期速度（EDV）、阻力指数（RI）]差异,比较两组患者治疗前、治疗30 d后心功能[B型脑钠肽（BNP）、左室射血分数（LVEF）、心脏指数（CI）]差异,分析两组患者不良反应差异。结果：术后7 d时,观察组患者RAO发生低于对照组（P＜0.05）,术后30 d时、术后3个月时,两组患者RAO发生率差异均不显著（P均＞0.05）;治疗2周后,两组患者PSV、EDV水平均较治疗前上升,RI水平均较治疗前下降,且观察组PSV、EDV高于对照组,RI低于对照组（P均＜0.05）;治疗30 d后,两组患者BNP较治疗前均降低,且观察组BNP低于对照组,两组患者LVEF、CI均较治疗前上升,且观察组LVEF、CI高于对照组（P均＜0.05）;两组患者不良反应发生差异均不显著（P均＞0.05）。结论：银杏叶提取物注射液联合单硝酸异山梨酯可减少经桡动脉穿刺冠脉介入后RAO发生,对患者血流动力学影响更小,有利于患者心功能恢复,安全性较好。     

银杏叶单组分双黄酮分离制备及抗氧化活性研究

从银杏叶中分离制备高纯度双黄酮对照品,探讨其抗氧化活性强弱。以60%乙醇-水提取的银杏叶浸膏为原料,反溶剂沉淀得到含量80.40%的双黄酮粗品,再以甲醇-水为流动相,半制备色谱梯度洗脱。结果得到了4种符合中药化学对照品要求的高纯度双黄酮,在最佳制备条件下,4种双黄酮纯度:阿曼托黄素(98.45%)、白果素(98.66%)、银杏黄素异构体(98.87%)、金松双黄酮(99.29%),其产率(mg/kg)分别为:22.5、23.8、192.5、71.8,考察了它们的抗氧化活性,并采用60%乙腈和有机酸水溶液对银杏黄素异构体进行了完全分离。建立的制备方法快速简便,所得单组分双黄酮纯度、产量高。本工作为单组分银杏双黄酮新药的研究与开发提供重要的技术支持。     

槐角丸的研究进展

本文主要介绍了槐角丸在成分分析,药理作用,临床应用等方面的最新研究进展。