《动物生物学》教学对生命科学发展和人才培养的作用

动物生物学是揭示动物生命活动规律的科学。作为生命科学专业本科学生最早接触到的主干课程之一,动物生物学的教学对于学生了解生物学的基本概念和基础知识、构建生命科学的知识体系和思维方式、培养和巩固专业兴趣十分重要。系统回顾和总结了动物生物学研究对生命学科发展的贡献,阐明了动物生物学教学对生命科学人才培养与学科建设的作用,引起广大的生物学教学工作者和管理者对动物生物学教学的重视,促进传统重要基础课程的建设与发展。     

“植物抗性生理”一章的教学方法探讨

植物抗性生理主要研究植物在各种不良环境条件下的生理特征。为了提高＂植物抗性生理学＂一章的教学效果,从学生实际出发,在6个方面阐述了本章的教学方法和手段。     

REPRODUCTIVE TOURISM IN ARGENTINA: CLINIC ACCREDITATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSUMERS,HEALTH PROFESSIONALS AND POLICY MAKERS

A subcategory of medical tourism, reproductive tourism has been the subject of much public and policy debate in recent years. Specific concerns include: the exploitation of individuals and communities, access to needed health care services, fair allocation of limited resources, and the quality and safety of services provided by private clinics. To date, the focus of attention has been on the thriving medical and reproductive tourism sectors in Asia and Eastern Europe; there has been much less consideration given to more recent ‘players’ in Latin America, notably fertility clinics in Chile, Brazil, Mexico and Argentina. In this paper, we examine the context‐specific ethical and policy implications of private Argentinean fertility clinics that market reproductive services via the internet. Whether or not one agrees that reproductive services should be made available as consumer goods, the fact is that they are provided as such by private clinics around the world. We argue that basic national regulatory mechanisms are required in countries such as Argentina that are marketing fertility services to local and international publics. Specifically, regular oversight of all fertility clinics is essential to ensure that consumer information is accurate and that marketed services are safe and effective. It is in the best interests of consumers, health professionals and policy makers that the reproductive tourism industry adopts safe and responsible medical practices.     

WPA guidance on how to combat stigmatization of psychiatry and psychiatrists

In 2009 the WPA President established a Task Force that was to examine available evidence about the stigmatization of psychiatry and psychiatrists and to make recommendations about action that national psychiatric societies and psychiatrists as professionals could do to reduce or prevent the stigmatization of their discipline as well as to prevent its nefarious consequences. This paper presents a summary of the Task Force’s findings and recommendations. The Task Force reviewed the literature concerning the image of psychiatry and psychiatrists in the media and the opinions about psychiatry and psychiatrists of the general public, of students of medicine, of health professionals other than psychiatrists and of persons with mental illness and their families. It also reviewed the evidence about the interventions that have been undertaken to combat stigma and consequent discrimination and made a series of recommendations to the national psychiatric societies and to individual psychiatrists. The Task Force laid emphasis on the formulation of best practices of psychiatry and their application in health services and on the revision of curricula for the training of health personnel. It also recommended that national psychiatric societies establish links with other professional associations, with organizations of patients and their relatives and with the media in order to approach the problems of stigma on a broad front. The Task Force also underlined the role that psychiatrists can play in the prevention of stigmatization of psychiatry, stressing the need to develop a respectful relationship with patients, to strictly observe ethical rules in the practice of psychiatry and to maintain professional competence.     

强化生物信息学实践教学的探索与成果

生物信息学是一门数学、统计、计算机与生物医学交叉结合的新兴学科。文章依据对生物技术和生物科学专业本科生开展新模式下的《生物信息学》教学实践,对教学模式进行全面深入改革与创新,实现理论教学、实践教学和网络教学的完美融合,创建了新世纪科学性教学体系,全面提高教学质量和水平,培养综合型人才。     

Propulsion Modeling and Analysis of a Biomimetic Swimmer

<正> We have studied a biomimetic swimmer based on the motion of bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) theoretically andexperimentally. The swimmer has an ellipsoidal cell body propelled by a helical filament. The performance of this swimmer wasestimated by modeling the dynamics of a swimmer in viscous fluid. We applied the Resistive Force Theory (RFT) on this modelto calculate the linear swimming speed and the efficiency of the model. A parametric study on linear velocity and efficiency tooptimize the design of this swimmer was demonstrated. In order to validate the theoretical results, a biomimetic swimmer wasfabricated and an experiment setup was prepared to measure the swimming speed and thrust force in silicone oil. The experimentalresults agree well with the theoretical values predicted by RFT. In addition, we studied the flow patterns surrounding thefilament with a finite element simulation with different Reynolds number (Re) to understand the mechanism of propulsion. Thesimulation results provide information on the nature of flow patterns generated by swimming filament. Furthermore, the thrustforces from the simulation were compared with the thrust forces from theory. The simulation results are in good agreement withthe theoretical results.     

英语医学研究性论文讨论部分的主位特点

本文基于系统功能语言学中的主位结构理论,通过对10篇英语医学期刊论文讨论部分的研究,探讨了英语医学研究性论文讨论部分的主位特点以及这些特点所具有的文体功能。结果发现,讨论部分的主要主位类型为单项主位和非标记性主位,语篇主位的出现频率高于人际主位。这些主位特点促成了讨论部分简明严谨、客观正式的文体风格。这些结果对于医学科研工作者增强文体意识和提高论文写作能力具有一定的指导意义。     

Pore formers promoted release of an antifungal drug from functionalized polyurethanes to inhibit Candida colonization

AIMS: As a preventive strategy to inhibit fungal biofilm formation on medical devices, we planned experiments based on polyurethane loading with fluconazole plus pore-former agents in order to obtain a promoted release of the antifungal drug. METHODS AND RESULTS: Different functional groups including carboxyl, hydroxyl, primary and tertiary amino groups, were introduced in polyurethanes. Fluconazole was adsorbed in higher amounts by the most hydrophilic polymers and its release was influenced by the degree of polymer swelling in water. The entrapping in the polymer of polyethylenglycol as a pore former significantly improved the fluconazole release while the entrapping of the higher molecular weight porogen albumin resulted in a controlled drug release and in an improved antifungal activity over time. CONCLUSIONS: Among the tested in vitro models, best results were achieved with an hydrophobic polymer impregnated with 25% (w/w) albumin and fluconazole which inhibited Candida albicans growth and biofilm formation on polymeric surfaces up to 8 days. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The combined entrapping in polymers of pore formers and an antifungal drug and the consequent controlled release over time is a novel, promising approach in the development of medical devices refractory to fungal colonization.     

Strengthening medical ethics by strategic planning in the Islamic Republic of Iran

To bring attention to medical ethics and to enhance the quality of health care in Iran, the Ministry of Health and Medical Education has introduced a strategic plan for medical ethics at a national level. This plan was developed through the organization and running of workshops in which experts addressed important areas related to medical ethics. They analysed strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats, and outlined a vision, a mission and specific goals and essential activities surrounding medical ethics. The current strategic plan has six main goals that will be reviewed in this paper. Some major activities that were carried out in recent years, and some future plans, will be also reviewed.     

建设遗传学课件体系 提高多媒体教学质量

实行多媒体教学是当前我国高等教育教学中普遍采用的方法之一,有利于进一步提高课程的教学效果。本文根据《遗传学》课程的特点,结合多年来遗传学课件建设与多媒体教学实践经验,对《遗传学》教学课件建设、多媒体教学特点、课件素材收集、多媒体教材的编写、教学效率的改善、教师教学水平的提高以及学生学习积极性的调动等方面进行了探讨和实践。