大鼠脚内核的镇痛作用

本实验应用核团内微量注射L谷氨酸,利多卡因,bieuculline,GABA以及用辐射热甩尾法测痛等手段观察脚内核的镇痛作用,向双侧脚内核注射25 100nmol的L谷氨酸可引起大鼠痛阈升高,这个作用可为缰核内注射2 利多卡因0.5mol或0.2 bieuculline0.5mol所阻断,反之,向缰核内注射200nmolGABA可引起大鼠痛阈升高,上述实验表明,参与痛觉调制,脚内核缰核的GABA能纤维参与了脚内核的痛觉调制活动。     

内生真菌印度梨形孢诱导小麦抗根腐病作用研究

【目的】明确印度梨形孢(Piriformospora indica)诱导小麦对根腐病产生抗性的作用机制。【方法】用印度梨形孢悬液浸种,以无菌培养液为对照,用病原菌禾谷镰孢菌(Fusarium graminearum)侵染小麦,对其相关生理生化指标及转录组变化进行分析。【结果】禾谷镰孢菌能诱导小麦产生过氧化氢,降低细胞内水含量,破坏细胞膜的稳定性;根部定殖印度梨形孢的小麦细胞内抗氧化酶活性增强,活性氧自由基含量降低,胞内水含量提高,细胞膜稳定性增强;印度梨形孢定殖能改变由于病原菌引起的mRNA转录组变化,抗性相关基因的表达增强。综合表明印度梨形孢定殖能有效地提高小麦对禾谷镰孢菌的抗性。【结论】研究结果为深入理解植物与微生物互作、开发新型高效环保抗根腐病生物制剂提供理论和实验依据。     

Role of plant volatiles in host location by the specialist parasitoidMicroplitis croceipes cresson (Braconidae: Hymenoptera)

A study was conducted to determine the primary source of volatile cues within the plant-host complex used by hostseeking freeflying female Microplitis cro-ceipesCresson in flight tunnel bioassays. In single-source and two-choice tests, using wasps given an oviposition experience on either cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)or cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)seedlings damaged by corn earworm (CEW; Helicoverpa zeaBoddie), the damaged seedlings were significantly more attractive than the CEW frass, which was in turn more attractive than the larvae themselves. In a series of two-choice wind-tunnel tests, the discriminatory ability of the wasps was examined, following various oviposition experiences. Significantly more wasps flew to plants with old damage than to plants with fresh damage, regardless of whether they had experience on fresh or old damage. In a comparison of plant species, wasps with only one experience on either hostdamaged cotton or host-damaged cowpea were unable to distinguish between them, and showed no preference for either plant, whereas wasps with multiple experiences on a particular plant preferentially flew to that plant in the choice test. In comparing hosts with nonhosts, wasps successfully learned to distinguish CEW from beet armyworm (BAW; Spodoptera exigua)on cotton but were unable to distinguish CEW from either BAW or cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni)on cowpea. The results show the important role played by plant volatiles in the location of hosts by M. croceipesand indicate the wasps limitations in discriminating among the various odors. The ecological advantages and disadvantages of this behavior are discussed.     

任务驱动法在“微生物学实验”混合式教学中的实践

通过“微生物学实验”课程多年来的混合式教学实践发现,学生的主动性是学习效果的核心要素。鉴于在以往的教学实践中,无论采用何种教学手段,总有部分学生的学习主动性不能得到体现。我们近年来采用轮流组长责任制下的任务驱动教学法,极大地调动了所有学生的学习动力。每位学生在担任组长工作时从课前任务、课堂执行、课后总结等方面都发挥了重要作用,而不担任组长时也会积极主动地配合组长工作。最终,实验课程学习成绩优秀率占比、体现素质能力培养的成绩分项都显著提升。同时,课程教学也收获了良好的学生认可和反馈。     

瞬时受体电位香草醛亚家族1(TRPV1)的生物学功能

瞬时受体电位香草醛亚家族1 (TRPV1)又称辣椒素受体(VR1),是一类可被辣椒素、热(>43℃)、酸(pH<6.0)所激活的配体门控性非选择性阳离子通道,对Ca²⁺有高度通透性。早期研究发现TRPV1主要分布在神经系统并介导瘙痒及痛觉反应,近些年研究表明其在非神经细胞如肥大细胞、膀胱上皮细胞、单核细胞、皮肤角化上皮细胞、胰岛细胞等中也广泛分布,在代谢性疾病、消化、呼吸和心血管系统疾病、皮肤病及肿瘤等疾病的发生发展中均发挥了重要作用。本文介绍了TRPV1的分布、结构特征及其功能研究的最新进展,并重点综述了TRPV1介导的瘙痒和疼痛信号通路及以TRPV1为靶点的中草药研究进展,以期为以TRPV1为潜在治疗靶点相关疾病的中西医防治提供理论指导。     

Transmission of poly(dT60) single-stranded DNA through polycarbonate track-etched ultrafiltration membranes

The objective of this study was to examine membrane filtration of a single stranded DNA (ssDNA) with 60 thymine nucleotides, and to elucidate the variables controlling its transmission across track-etched porous membranes. Dead end filtration measurements were performed using different pore size membranes (10, 15, and 30 nm) at different transmembrane pressures in solutions with ionic strength ranging from 0 to 1000 mM NaCl. The diffusivity of the ssDNA was determined using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, yielding hydrodynamic radii ranging from 1.6 to 2.8 nm, with values decreasing with increasing solution ionic strength. Despite the small ssDNA/membrane pore size, nearly 100% rejection was observed for measurements performed with the 10 and 15 nm pore size membranes under low-ionic strength conditions. These high rejections can be attributed to strong repulsive electrostatic ssDNA-membrane interactions. With increasing ionic strength, electrostatic interactions as well as the effective size of the ssDNA decreases and the flexibility of the ssDNA increases, leading to a reduction in ssDNA rejection. A design of experiments approach was used to plan filtration experiments that adequately covered the variable space with a manageable number of experiments. The results yielded an empirical expression relating ssDNA rejection to pore size, solution ionic strength and transmembrane pressure. There was evidence of flow induced elongation at high-transmembrane pressures in the 30 nm pore size membranes, but not in the smaller pore size membranes. These results are consistent with critical flux estimates developed using a free draining model for the ssDNA.     

中老年肩痛患者疼痛及肩关节功能恢复的影响因素分析

摘要 目的：探究分析中老年肩痛患者疼痛及肩关节功能恢复的影响因素分析。方法：采用便利抽样法,随机抽取2020年9月至2022年9月期间于我院门诊就诊的2010名中老年患者作为调查对象,对患者进行筛查、复查、确诊、随访等。并对所搜集信息进行疼痛及肩关节功能恢复单因素与多因素Logistic回归分析。结果：单因素分析显示,年龄（x²=15.274, P＜0.001）、性别（x²=10.401, P=0.001）、病程（x²=16.410, P＜0.001）和是否进行功能锻炼（x²=6.293, P=0.012）为影响中老年肩痛患者肩关节功能恢复的主要因素;年龄≥70岁（OR=1.292, 95%CI 0.953-1.750）、女性（OR=1.672, 95%CI 1.348-2.074）、病程＞1个月（OR=1.470, 95%CI 1.021-2.116）和未进行功能锻炼（OR=1.844, 95%CI 1.175-2.894）为影响中老年肩痛患者肩关节功能恢复的独立危险因素。结论：年龄≥70岁、女性、病程＞1个月和未进行功能锻炼为影响中老年肩痛患者肩关节功能恢复的独立危险因素,根据上述因素尽早快速甄别高风险患者,及早给予合理有效的康复治疗措施,可显著改善肩痛患者肩关节功能的预后。     

人源诱导多能干细胞体外定向分化为功能性肝细胞的方法研究

摘要 目的：研究开发一种简易、快速在体外使多能诱导干细胞（induced pluripotent stem cells,iPSCs）定向分化为功能性肝样细胞的培养方法。方法：根据正常肝细胞在体内的发育规律,设计简化诱导方法使iPS细胞定向分化为内胚层细胞,应用qPCR和流式细胞术鉴定其纯度后进一步诱导分化为肝样细胞,并通过qPCR、ELISA、免疫荧光等技术鉴定肝细胞的性状和功能。结果：iPS细胞诱导7天后, OCT4和NANOG的表达水平显著下降,内胚层细胞相关基因CXCR4、FOXA2和HNF4A表达水平明显升高。内胚层细胞继续诱导培养15天后,肝细胞特异性标志基因ALB、TDO2、RBP4、G6PC和肝药酶基因CYPs等显著上调,同时产生高水平的白蛋白和尿素;PAS糖原染色为阳性,能主动摄取和释放吲哚菁绿,证实诱导成的肝样细胞具备正常肝细胞的部分功能。结论：该诱导方案能够在体外使iPS细胞遵循正常肝脏发育通路简易、高效地分化为功能性肝细胞。本研究为大量获得iPS来源的肝细胞及其在细胞疗法和药筛模型中的运用提供了可能性。     

右美托咪定联合经皮穴位电刺激对混合痔剥扎术后患者肠胃功能及术后疼痛的影响

摘要 目的：探讨右美托咪定联合经皮穴位电刺激对混合痔剥扎术后患者肠胃功能及术后疼痛的影响。方法：选择2022年3月-2022年7月我院行混合痔剥扎术的患者60例,将60例患者随机分为对照组（30例）与观察组（30例）,对照组患者给予右美托咪定镇痛,观察组给予术前经皮穴位电刺激,时间为手术开始前2 min至手术结束,右美托咪定使用方法、剂量同对照组。对比两组患者术前、术后0.5 h、1 h、2 h、3 h的疼痛评分,对比两组患者的术后疼痛疗效,对比两组创面愈合时间、腐肉完全脱落时间、住院时间及胃肠功能恢复情况,对比两组术前、术后的血管活性肠肽、胃动素及胃泌素水平。结果：术前及术后3 h时,两组的疼痛评分对比无统计学意义（P>0.05）;术后0.5 h、1 h、2 h时,观察组的疼痛评分明显较对照组低（P<0.05）。观察组的术后疼痛有效率明显较对照组高,P<0.05。观察组的创面愈合时间、腐肉完全脱落时间及住院时间明显较对照组低（P<0.05）。观察组的肠鸣音恢复时间、术后恶心呕吐发生率及排气时间明显较对照组短（P<0.05）。术前,两组的血管活性肠肽、胃动素及胃泌素水平对比无统计学意义（P>0.05）;术后,两组血管活性肠肽、胃泌素水平升高,胃动素水平降低,且观察组变化幅度明显较对照组低（P<0.05）。结论：右美托咪定联合经皮穴位电刺激可改善混合痔剥扎术后患者肠胃功能及术后疼痛情况。