Occurrence,distribution and neurochemical features of small intestinal neurons projecting to the cranial mesenteric ganglion in the pig

The small intestine of the pig has been investigated for its topographical distribution of enteric neurons projecting to the cranial mesenteric ganglion, by using Fast Blue or Fluorogold as a retrogradely transported neuronal tracer. Contrary to the situation in small laboratory animals such as rat and guinea-pig, the intestinofugally projecting neurons in the porcine small intestine were not restricted to the myenteric plexus, but were observed in greater numbers in ganglia of the outer submucous plexus. The inner submucous plexus was devoid of labelled neurons. Retrogradely labelled neurons were mostly found, either singly or in small aggregates, in ganglia located within a narrow border on either side of the mesenteric attachment. For both nerve networks, their number increased from duodenum to ileum. All the retrogradely labelled neurons exhibited a multidendritic uniaxonal appearance. Some of them displayed type-III morphology and stained for serotonin. This study indicates that, in the pig, not only the myenteric plexus but also one submucous nerve network is involved in the afferent component of intestino-sympathico-intestinal reflex pathways. The finding that some of the morphologically defined type-III neurons participate in these reflexes is in accord with the earlier proposal that type-III neurons are supposed to fulfill an interneuronal role, whether intra- or extramurally.     

Epithelial properties of human intestinal Caco-2 cells cultured in a serum-free medium

Human intestinal Caco-2 cells were cultured under serum-free conditions on an insoluble collagen and FCS matrix (Caco-2-SF), and a comparison was made between several characteristics of Caco-2 and Caco-2-SF cells. Their morphological appearance was identical. Slight differences were found in cell growth and expression of brush border enzymes between Caco-2 and Caco-2-SF cells. Similar levels of activity of Gly-Gly transport were expressed in both types of cell. Caco-2 cells cultured on permeable filters showed high transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), indicating the high monolayer integrity. The transepithelial transport activity for glucose, alanine and Gly-Gly was detected by measuring the change in short-circuit current (Isc) after adding each of these nutrients to the apical chamber. In Caco-2-SF cells, such parameters as TEER and Isc were reduced drastically, suggesting that the monolayer integrity and cell polarity that are important for transepithelial transport were not attained. These parameters, however, could be restored by adding FCS or by milk whey. The result suggested that FCS and milk whey contain factors which regulate the formation of the tight junctions and, consequently, the development of cell polarity. Thus the Caco-2-SF cell-culture system will provide a useful model for studying factors which regulate the intestinal transepithelial transport functions.Abbreviations BCECF 2,7-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein - TEER transepithelial electrical resistance - LY lucifer yellow CH lithium salt     

基于果蝇口腔感染的肠道训练免疫模型研究（英文）

目的 利用果蝇作为遗传工具从个体和分子层面研究果蝇的训练免疫效应,并为后续深入研究其分子机制提供依据。方法 首先构建无菌果蝇模型,在此基础上构建果蝇成虫及跨发育阶段训练免疫模型,用两种革兰氏阴性菌——胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌（Erwinia carotovora carotovora 15）及铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa）分别经口腔感染果蝇。在第一次感染完全消退后进行再次感染,然后通过比较果蝇在两个感染阶段的存活率和细菌量来衡量训练免疫的潜在效果。通过实时荧光定量PCR检测相应先天免疫相关基因的表达水平,研究革兰氏阴性菌对免疫缺陷（IMD）通路的诱导作用。结果 果蝇成虫及幼虫初次感染均可提高二次感染后的生存率、细菌清除效率及死亡时能承受的最高细菌负荷;二次感染的果蝇中,IMD通路中免疫反应基因的基础表达比未感染的高,这提供了获得感染抗性的分子基础;果蝇的免疫反应主要发生在中肠,二次免疫比初次免疫的效应更迅速且剧烈;二次免疫的果蝇中,肠道干细胞的数量显著多于初次感染。结论 果蝇肠道中强大的训练免疫可由同源或异源革兰氏阴性菌口腔感染引发,且免疫记忆可在整个发育阶段持...     

外周血NETs、TP53、STAT3表达与弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤临床病理及预后的关系分析

摘要 目的：探究外周血中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网（NETs）、TP53、信号转导与转录因子3（STAT3）表达与弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）临床病理及预后的关系。方法：选取2020年3月-2021年12月收治的71例DLBCL患者作为研究对象,抽取患者外周静脉血,采用R-CHOP方案进行治疗,记录患者外周血NETs、TP53、STAT3表达情况并分析DLBCL患者外周血NETs、TP53、STAT3表达与其临床病理及预后的关系。结果：髓细胞组织增生蛋白（MYC）阳性在TP53阳性中的占比显著高于TP53阴性,差异有统计学意义（x²=28.844,P＜0.001）;Hans分型生发中心B细胞（GCB）在STAT3阳性中的占比显著高于STAT3阴性（x²=4.331,P=0.037）,其余差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;随访截止至2022年6月,随访时长8~28个月,71例患者中共53例缓解DLBCL患者,其余18例为R/R DLBCL患者;NETs阳性、TP53阳性、STAT3阳性患者无进展生存期（PFS）显著低于NETs阴性、TP53阴性、STAT3阴性患者,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）且NETs阳性、TP53阳性、STAT3阳性患者存活率均低于NETs阴性、TP53阴性、STAT3阴性患者（P<0.05）;单因素分析结果显示Ann Arbor分期、NETs、TP53、STAT3为DLBCL患者的影响因素（P<0.05）;以患者预后情况（R/R DLBCL=1,缓解DLBCL=0）为因变量,将Ann Arbor分期、NETs、TP53、STAT3单因素分析有统计学意义的因素纳入COX回归模型中,结果显示：NETs、TP53、STAT3为DLBCL患者预后的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：TP53、STAT3表达与DLBCL临床病理存在一定相关性,临床应对DLBCL患者TP53、STAT3表达情况引起重视;NETs、TP53、STAT3表达为DLBCL预后的危险因素,可作为DLBCL患者不良预后的预测指标。     

针刺对术后胃肠功能紊乱大鼠胃肠传输功能及脑肠肽的影响

摘要 目的：探讨针刺三里穴、中脘对大鼠胃大部切除术后胃肠传输功能恢复的影响及可能的作用机制。方法：将60只 SD 大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组和针刺组,每组 20 只。造模成功后第3天开始,针刺组进行针刺足三里、中脘,连续治疗14天。于末次针刺结束后,各组记录进食量、体重等;后各组禁食24 h后进行胃残留率和小肠推进率测定,腹主动脉取血测定胃泌素、胃动素、食欲素A及食欲素1型受体。结果：造模前,三组大鼠体重和进食量差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。造模后3天,模型组及针刺组体重和进食量低于空白组,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。针刺干预后,模型组体重和进食量低于空白组和针刺组,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。针刺干预后,针刺组大鼠胃残留率、小肠推进率、胃泌素、胃动素、食欲素A及食欲素1型受体高于模型组,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05;模型组胃残留率、小肠推进率、胃泌素、胃动素、食欲素A及食欲素1型受体低于空白组,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05;针刺组与空白组胃残留率、小肠推进率、胃泌素、胃动素、食欲素A及食欲素1型受体差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。结论：针刺胃大部切除术后大鼠足三里穴、中脘穴,改善胃排空和小肠推进功能,促进术后胃肠功能的恢复,其作用机制可能为改变脑肠肽代谢,增加食欲素A水平,激活食欲素1型受体,促进胃泌素、胃动素分泌。     

Feeding by the pine weevil Hylobius abietis in relation to sun exposure and distance to forest edges

Abstract 1 The intensity of feeding by adult pine weevils Hylobius abietis (L.) on the stem bark of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings planted in rows with a north–south orientation across a clear‐cutting, was measured throughout a growth season. The feeding was then correlated to light interception, soil temperature and distance to the nearest forest edge. 2 Feeding was at least twice as intense on seedlings in the central part of the clear‐cutting compared to those at the edges. The decline began approximatety 15 m from the edge and was of similar proportions on both the sun‐exposed and shaded sides. 3 Measures of global radiation and soil temperature correlated well with consumption on the shaded side. However, on the sun‐exposed side, there were no apparent correlations with global radiation or soil temperature that could explain the decline in consumed bark area. 4 We conclude that the decline in feeding towards the forest edges was mainly due to factors other than the microclimate variables we monitored. We suggest that the presence of roots of living trees along the forest edge may reduce damage to seedlings, since they provide an alternative source of food for the weevils. This alternative‐food hypothesis may also explain why seedlings in shelterwoods usually suffer less damage from pine weevils than seedlings in clear‐cuttings.     

Immunolocalization of EGF receptor (EGFr) in intestinal epithelium: recognition of apoptotic cells

The EGF-like family of growth factors are known to be involved in the control of the intestinal epithelium. The intracellular events are mediated by the EGF receptor (EGFr), a transmembrane glycoprotein which is overexpressed in many malignancies and also in many radiosensitive cell types. The precise mode of action of the receptor in controlling proliferation and whether the factor is also involved in controlling apoptosis in this tissue is not clear. Using polyclonal antibodies raised against a cytoplasmic region of the receptor distant to the phosphorylation site and one raised against the peptide sequence DVVDADEYLIPQ, which is present in the cytoplasmic tail phosphorylation site of the EGFr, we have examined the immunostaining in normal and irradiated murine intestine. The former antibody labelled the basolateral membranes of the epithelial cells in the proliferative zones of both the small intestine and colon, in both control and irradiated tissue. The latter antibody however, strongly labelled the Goblet cells and the microvilli of the enterocyte apical membrane in control tissue. Following irradiation\ the apical labelling redistributed and was localized in the apical cytoplasm and in a paranuclear region. Furthermore, strong labelling was now seen in many of the apoptotic cells of the small intestinal epithelium. The greatly differing results with the two antibodies indicates that interpretation of such immunostaining must be viewed with caution and may relate to the availability of each particular epitope. These results also suggest that antibodies to DVVDADEYLIPQ may be a useful marker of apoptotic calls and could imply a correlation between high levels of epitope availability, the radiosensitive (frequently p53 expressing) cells of the crypt epithelium and the induction of apoptosis.This work was supported by the Cancer Research Campaign.     

多组多滞后区间系数定常非线性关联控制大系统的结构与关联鲁棒镇定(I)

建立了多组多滞后区间系数定常非线性控制系统的结构概念,采用鲁棒镇定的等价法,给出了具有扰动结构参数的多组多滞后区问系数定常非线性关联控制大系统的结构与关联鲁棒镇定,同时给出了扰动参数与滞后非线性项界线的估价公式。     

Sources of inputs to longitudinal muscle motor neurons and ascending interneurons in the guinea-pig small intestine

Light- and electron-microscopic studies were used to investigate connections between specific subgroups of neurons in the myenteric plexus of the guineapig small intestine. Inputs to two classes of calretinin-immunoreactive (IR) nerve cells, longitudinal muscle motor neurons and ascending interneurons, were examined. Inputs from calbindin-IR primary sensory neurons and from three classes of descending interneurons were studied. Electron-microscopic analysis showed that calbindin-IR axons formed two types of inputs, synapses and close contacts, on calretinin-IR neurons. About 40% of inputs to the longitudinal muscle motor neurons and 70% to ascending interneurons were calbindin-IR. Approximately 50% of longitudinal muscle motor neurons were surrounded by bombesin-IR dense pericellular baskets and 40% by closely apposed varicosities. At the electron-microscope level, the bombesin-IR varicosities were found to form synapses and close contacts with the motor neurons. Dense pericellular baskets with bombesin-IR surrounded 36% of all ascending interneurons, and a further 17% had closely apposed varicosities. Somatostatin-and 5-HT-IR descending interneurons provided no dense pericellular baskets to calretinin-IR nerve cells. Thus, calretinin-IR, longitudinal muscle motor neurons and ascending interneurons receive direct synaptic inputs from intrinsic primary sensory neurons and from non-cholinergic, bombesin-IR, descending interneurons.