鹅掌楸油细胞的发育解剖学研究

鹅掌楸油细胞比相邻组织细胞分化,因而在叶肉细胞未完全分化的叶原基、幼叶以及未完全分化的幼茎中,都可看到已分化的油细胞。通常,在第二叶原基中可发现油细胞原始细胞,由于其染色深、细胞核大而易与周围组织的细胞相区别。以后,油细胞逐步液泡化,直至形成一个大的液泡,此时,细胞核呈扁平状,并与细胞质一起成为一薄层围绕着大液泡。当油细胞发育成熟后,细胞质及核开始解体,整个油细胞的腔由大液泡充满,成为油囊,在部分     

山东省枸杞一新病害——白粉病

通过对2013年10月在山东省泰安市山东农业大学校园采集到的枸杞白粉病进行病害症状观察和病原菌形态学鉴定,确定引起枸杞白粉病的病原菌为穆氏节丝壳Arthrocladiella mougeotii。节丝壳属为山东省新记录属,枸杞白粉病为山东省新病害。     

枸杞LmP5CS基因的克隆及表达分析

目的:为进一步研究枸杞抗逆境胁迫的机制,并为转基因育种,提供理论依据。提高农作物的抗逆性提供优质的基因资源。方法:提选取盐胁迫后脯氨酸含量变化较大的耐盐植物枸杞为材料,用1.5%NaCl处理后,提取枸杞叶片总RNA,利用 RT-PCR 及3' RACE方法克隆获得吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶(delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase,P5CS)基因的全长cDNA,命名为LmP5CS,构建pH7m24GW,3rc-LmP5CS植物表达载体。结果:LmP5CS基因的ORF长2 154 bp,编码1个等电点为6.07、分子量为 77.5kDa、由717个氨基酸组成的蛋白。枸杞在200 mmol/L NaCl 盐胁迫下, LmP5CS基因表达量随处理时间,有先升高后降低的趋势,9h基因表达量最高,脯氨酸含量变化与之一致。结论:LmP5CS基因在盐胁迫下脯氨酸含量的变化中起关键作用。     

北柴胡不定根系生物转化合成皂苷研究

通过在北柴胡不定根系培养体系中添加目的产物柴胡皂苷的前体物质和生物合成促进物质以及进行高糖渗透胁迫试验,探讨了利用不定根系生产柴胡皂苷的条件和方法。结果表明,在1/2 MS培养基中添加硫酸镁、硝酸钾、丙酮酸钠以及高糖渗透胁迫均有利于柴胡皂苷的合成。1/2 MS培养基+硫酸镁0.37 g/L+硝酸钾5.7 g/L+丙酮酸钠2.0 mmol/L+蔗糖50 g/L是最适合柴胡皂苷转化合成的培养基,此条件下使柴胡皂苷的含量提高了9.74倍。     

3种药赏两用植物对滨海盐碱土改良效应的比较

为比较种植药赏两用植物对滨海盐碱土的改良效应,采用实生栽培方法种植了薄荷(Mentha haplocalyxBriq.)、地榆(Sanguisorba officinalis L.)和枸杞(Lycium chinense Mill.)1年生植株,对不同土层的pH值以及可溶性盐和主要离子含量的变化进行了比较分析。结果表明:种植3种植物后,0～10、10～20和20～30 cm土层的pH值以及可溶性盐、K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-和SO42-含量均有不同程度的变化,且以0～10 cm土层的变化相对明显,并且各土层的离子组成也有所改变。种植3种植物后,0～10和10～20 cm土层的pH值以及0～10 cm土层的可溶性盐含量均低于对照,其中,地榆种植土壤pH值及枸杞种植土壤可溶性盐含量的降低效应最明显。种植3种植物后,各土层的Ca2+含量及10～20和20～30 cm土层的K+和Mg2+含量均极显著高于对照,各土层的Na+含量及0～10 cm土层的Cl-含量、10～20和20～30 cm土层的SO42-含量均极显著低于对照;不同土层的K+/Na+值均高于对照、(K++Na+)/(Ca2++Mg2+)值均低于对照、主要阳离子(Ca2+、K+和Mg2+)的交换量总和均明显增加。总体上,地榆和枸杞对土壤中K+及Ca2+和Mg2+含量、K+/Na+值、主要阳离子(Ca2+、K+和Mg2+)交换量总和的提高效应以及对Na+含量、(K++Na+)/(Ca2++Mg2+)值的降低作用均较强,而薄荷的作用均较弱。研究结果显示:供试的3种药赏两用植物对盐碱地均具有明显的改良作用,其中枸杞和地榆的改良效果较好。     

A New Alkaloid from the Aerial Parts of Bupleurum chinense DC.

A new isoalloxazine alkaloid, named bupleurine A ( 1 ), along with five known compounds ( 2 – 6 ), were isolated from the aerial parts of Bupleurum chinense DC. The structure elucidation of the new alkaloid ( 1 ) was employed by combining NMR and HR‐MS data with comparison of reference in the literature. Five known compounds ( 2 – 6 ) were isolated from Bupleurum genus for the first time. Additionally, their antiproliferative activities on HeLa cells were evaluated by MTT assay and IC₅₀ of compounds 1 and 4 – 6 were below 10 μm after treatment for 24 h.     

珍稀濒危植物永瓣藤DNA提取与ISSR条件优化

以硅胶干燥叶片为材料,研究永瓣藤DNA的提取方法,并对影响简单重复序列区间分子标记反应的各条件进行了优化。建立了永瓣藤ISSR的优化反应体系和程序,即在20μL反应体系中,含20ng模板DNA、2.375mmol/L Mg2+、0.15mmol/L dNTPs、1.5U Taq DNA聚合酶、225nmol/L随机引物;扩增程序为:94℃预变性5min;然后94℃15s、48~50℃45s、72℃1min,35个循环,最后72℃延伸10min,4℃保存。本研究为进行永瓣藤种群遗传多样性研究奠定了基础。     

大孔树脂纯化赶黄草黄酮工艺及体外抗氧化活性

本研究以赶黄草地上部分为材料,研究大孔树脂纯化赶黄草黄酮的工艺,并评价体外抗氧化活性。根据大孔树脂对赶黄草黄酮的吸附和解吸性能,从7种不同类型的大孔树脂中筛选出适宜的树脂,进一步优化其纯化工艺,并比较纯化前后黄酮的体外抗氧化活性。试验结果表明,DM130大孔树脂对赶黄草黄酮有较好的吸附和解吸效果,其最佳纯化工艺参数:上样液黄酮浓度为1.0 mg/mL、pH为5、上样速度为1.0 mL/min、上样量为110 mL、洗脱液为70%乙醇、洗脱速度为1.0 mL/min和洗脱体积为40 mL。该工艺条件下,黄酮的纯度由20.04%提高至43.93%,提高了23.89%,表明DM130树脂对赶黄草黄酮的纯化效果较好。另外,纯化后赶黄草黄酮的DPPH自由基清除能力和还原力均显著提高。     

Phospholipase signaling is modified differentially by phytoregulators in Capsicum chinense J. cells

Plant defense mechanisms respond to diverse environmental factors and play key roles in signaling pathways. The phospholipidic signaling pathway forms part of the plant response to several phytoregulators, such as salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MJ), which have been widely used to stimulate secondary metabolite production in cell cultures.¹ Furthermore, it has been reported that the levels of such phytoregulators as SA and MJ can increase in response to stressful conditions.^2,3 The phospholipidic signal transduction system involves the generation of second messengers by the hydrolysis of phospholipids. In this study, we examined how phospholipidic signaling can be modulated depending on the growth stage of the culture, and we focused on two key lipases having relevant roles in the signaling cascades in plants. An evaluation was made of the effects of SA and MJ on the phospholipase activities in Capsicum chinense Jacq. suspension cells at different phases of the culture cycle. The treatment with SA differentially modified the phospholipase C (PLC) (EC: 3.1.4.3) and phospholipase D (PLD) (EC: 3.1.4.4) activities in a dose-dependent manner that also depended on the day of the culture cycle. In contrast, the treatment with MJ resulted in a biphasic behavior of the PLC and PLD activities. We conclude that the enzymatic activities in the phospholipidic signaling pathways are modified differentially depending on the day of the culture’s growth cycle; accordingly, the response capacity to such environmental factors as phytoregulators is variable at different stages of growth and the physiology of the cells.