消化性溃疡与幽门螺杆菌关系的内窥镜探查

目的:探讨幽门螺杆菌(Hp)与消化性溃疡(PU)的关系。方法:检测167例PU患者Hp阳性率,使用胃镜观察溃疡形态、大小和部位。结果:167例PU患者Hp阳性检出率为87.43%,胃溃直径大于1.5 cm者与,胃溃直径小于0.5cm,溃疡处于活动期者与愈合期和瘢痕期者,Hp阳性检出率有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:Hp感染与溃疡的发生有密切关系,溃疡患者病情越重,Hp感染程度越高,但Hp阳性溃疡并不加重消化道出血现象发生。     

Endoscopic approaches to manage in vitro and in vivo embryo development: Use of the bovine oviduct

The oviduct plays a major part in different reproductive processes providing the microenvironment for numerous steps in early embryogenesis. Consequently, there is a growing demand to perform comparative studies focusing on causal mechanisms related to embryo development within its environment including complex and holistic strategies. However, the routine flushing and transfer procedure of bovine embryos is limited to the morula and blastocyst stage. Additionally, the use of in vitro production of bovine embryos provides access to an extra amount of embryos at various stages. But the quality of these embryos does not reflect the quality of its ex vivo counterparts. For two decades our own studies have focused on use of the oviductal environment of different species to optimize early embryo development for different purposes. The current article briefly highlights some main characteristics of the fallopian tube and reviews the endoscopic approach to access the fallopian tube using the stepwise minimal invasive technique established in different species.     

腹腔镜切除与内镜联合治疗胃肠道肿瘤的效果观察

目的：分析腹腔镜联合内镜治疗胃肠道肿瘤的可行性和临床效果。方法：对我院收治的行腹腔镜切除与内镜联合治疗的75例胃肠道肿瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中腹腔镜与胃镜联合治疗34例,腹腔镜与肠镜联合治疗41例。总结分析治疗效果。结果：75例患者中有72例手术成功,3例患者因肿瘤位置不佳中转开腹,腹腔镜与胃镜联合平均手术时间（72.8±12.7）min,出血量5~30mL,术后无吻合口瘘、吻合口出血、腹腔感染等并发症,住院时间（7.5±0.5）d。结论：腹腔镜联合内镜治疗胃肠道肿瘤具有创伤小、手术安全的特点,是一种有效、安全的治疗手段,值得临床推广应用。     

Observation and analysis of sonar signal generation in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus): Evidence for two sonar sources

Indirect evidence for multiple sonar signal generators in odontocetes exists within the published literature. To explore the long-standing controversy over the site of sonar signal generation, direct evidence was collected from three trained bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) by simultaneously observing nasal tissue motion, internal nasal cavity pressure, and external acoustic pressure. High-speed video endoscopy revealed tissue motion within both sets of phonic lips, while two hydrophones measured acoustic pressure during biosonar target recognition. Small catheters measured air-pressure changes at various locations within the nasal passages and in the basicranial spaces. Video and acoustic records demonstrate that acoustic pulses can be generated along the phonic fissure by vibrating the phonic labia within each set of phonic lips. The left and right phonic lips are capable of operating independently or simultaneously. Air pressure in both bony nasal passages rose and fell synchronously, even if the activity patterns of the two phonic lips were different. Whistle production and increasing sound pressure levels are generally accompanied by increasing intranarial air pressure. One acoustic “click” occurred coincident with one oscillatory cycle of the phonic labia. Changes in the click repetition rate and cycles of the phonic labia were simultaneous, indicating that these events are coupled. Structural similarity in the nasal apparatus across the Odontoceti suggests that all extant toothed whales generate sonar signals using the phonic lips and similar biomechanical processes.     

鼻内镜下鼻中隔软骨、筛骨垂直板或耳屏软骨修补鼻中隔穿孔

目的:探讨鼻内镜下应用颞肌筋膜包裹自体鼻中隔软骨、筛骨垂直板或耳屏软骨修补鼻中隔穿孔的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2007年8月至2014年8月我院17例行鼻内镜下鼻中隔穿孔修补术患者的临床资料,所有患者术前均行鼻内镜及副鼻窦CT检查,术中分别采用颞肌筋膜包裹自体鼻中隔软骨、筛骨垂直板或带软骨膜的自体耳屏软骨,形成骨性支架,修补鼻中隔穿孔。术后均予抗生素抗感染,并用碱性成纤维细胞生长因子凝胶涂抹创面,促进周边黏膜向穿孔处生长。结果:17例患者均一次修复成功,术后1~2月穿孔处被黏膜完全覆盖,鼻中隔正常解剖结构得以恢复,随访1~3年无再次穿孔,鼻中隔穿孔产生的临床症状术后改善明显。结论:鼻内镜下应用鼻中隔软骨、筛骨垂直板或耳屏软骨修补鼻中隔穿孔安全、有效、简便,值得推广。     

内镜圈套息肉摘除术治疗结肠大息肉的临床疗效

目的:探讨内镜与手术治疗结肠大息肉的临床疗效。方法:选取2011年12月至2013年12月本院诊治的结肠大息肉患者144例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组72例。对照组患者采用传统手术治疗,观察组患者采用内镜治疗。观察并比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果:观察组手术时间、术中出血量、术后禁食时间、术后住院时间、住院费用均少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组术后排气时间、下床活动时间、术后排便时间均早于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后并发症发生率、术后复发率、二次手术率均明显低于对照组,随访1年镜检结果明显优于对照组,患者满意度明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:内镜与手术均是治疗结肠大息肉的有效方案,其中内镜治疗的效果更佳,创伤小,可明显缩短治疗时间和恢复时间,有助于减少住院费用,并发症少且安全性高,复发率低,易为患者所接受。     

微纤维止血胶原在内镜下腺样体吸切术中的应用

目的:探讨微纤维止血胶原(Avitene)在内镜下腺样体吸切术创面止血的临床效果。方法:将58例行内镜下腺样体吸切术的患者随机分为三组,A组23例(盐酸赛洛唑啉纱条压迫+Avitene涂抹),B组19例(盐酸赛洛唑啉纱条压迫+电凝止血),C组16例(仅以盐酸赛洛唑啉纱条压迫止血)。比较三组患者的手术时间、止血时间、出血程度、止血难度、术后疼痛、进食恢复时间及术后并发症等指标。结果:三组出血程度比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。A组手术时间、止血时间、止血难度均低于B组、C组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组术后疼痛、进食恢复时间低于B组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),与C组比较无统计学差异。三组均未出现术后出血、感染、误吸等并发症。结论:微纤维止血胶原用于内镜下腺样体吸切术创面止血,具有快速方便、安全有效的特点。     

Endoscopia digestiva en pacientes de edad avanzada

The dramatic increase in life expectancy is leading to a significant increase in the use of gastrointestinal endoscopy in the elderly. Taking into account these demographic changes, the use of gastrointestinal endoscopy in this age group is of great importance. Although these procedures are generally safe and well tolerated even in very elderly patients, the onset of physiological changes associated with aging and the increased prevalence of cardiovascular and pulmonary comorbidities raise the risk of sedation related complications in these patients. Age alone is not a contraindication for performing any endoscopic procedure. However, elderly patients have their own peculiarities that require a detailed review of the characteristics, risks and benefits of endoscopic procedures in this specific context.     

鼻内镜下鼻窦炎合并中鼻甲外侧壁切除术的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨鼻内镜下行鼻窦炎手术同时行中鼻甲外侧壁切除的疗效。方法:选择本院2009年6月至2013年7月的行鼻内镜下鼻窦炎手术的慢性鼻窦炎患者160例,随机分为观察组和对照组.对照组行单纯的鼻窦炎开放手术,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上行中鼻甲外侧壁切除术。比较两组术后临床疗效、换药平均次数、SNOT-20评分及不良反应等。结果:对照组术后平均换药次数显著高于观察组(P0.05);对照组治疗总有效率为72.50%,显著低于观察组92.50%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);两组治疗前SNOT-20评分比较无统计学差异(P0.05),治疗后SNOT-20评分,组内比较均低于治疗前(P0.05);观察组治疗后SNOT-20总分显著低于对照组(P0.05);两组不良反应发生率无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:鼻内镜下鼻窦炎手术中实施中鼻甲外侧壁切除的临床疗效显著,既不破坏鼻腔解剖结构,又保证了中鼻道的宽大,安全性较高,值得在临床推广应用。     

Impact of seston characteristics on qualitative particle selection sites and efficiencies in the pseudolamellibranch bivalve Crassostrea gigas

To date, knowledge of the qualitative particle selection sites and conditions in the widely-distributed bivalve Crassostrea gigas is incomplete, having focussed either on heterogeneous particles, or on particles intentionally too large to enter the gill principal filament tracts. We used endoscope-directed sampling and the intact diatom-empty, cleaned frustule approach to unambiguously establish qualitative selection sites and the influence of seston quality (varying proportions of intact diatoms and empty, cleaned frustules) and quantity (particle loads) on the degree of qualitative selection. Normally-feeding oysters were presented test mixtures of the naturally-occurring Actinoptychus senarius (small enough to enter the gill principal filaments), and the potential selection sites (gill: dorsal and ventral collecting tracts; labial palps: anteriorly-deposited pseudofaeces), were sampled for comparison with the proportions and concentrations of the ambient medium. Qualitative selection was demonstrated at both the gills and labial palps. Gill selection efficiency was shown to be directly proportional to seston quality and quantity, using a technique independant of pseudofeces mucus content. The oyster gill is thus able to increase ingested food quality when environmental food quality is low and / or when seston concentrations are high, which is typical of oyster habitats. Palp selection efficiency was directly proportional to seston quality, but at the highest concentration tested, no qualitative selection was observed on the labial palps, probably due to overload on these smaller organs. The partial functional redundancy of these key processing organs in heterorhabdic species such as oysters and scallops may enhance their success in high-turbidity habitats.