内镜下注射硬化剂治疗食管贲门粘膜撕裂综合症的临床研究

目的:研究内镜下注射1%乙氧硬化醇和注射1:10 0000肾上腺素治疗食管贲门粘膜撕裂综合症的疗效及安全性。方法:按照随机抽样的原则,从行急诊胃镜检查确诊为食管贲门粘膜撕裂综合症并行内镜下止血治疗的患者中,随机抽取58例患者,按随机数字表法分为治疗组29例和对照组29例,治疗组采用内镜下注射1%乙氧硬化醇,对照组采用内镜下注射1:10 0000肾上腺素,观察两组患者首次止血成功率,早期、近期、远期再出血率,并发症发生率等。结果:治疗组首次止血成功率96.55%(28/29),对照组首次止血成功率93.10%(27/29),两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗组早期再出血率7.41%(2/28),显著低于对照组29.63%(8/27)(P<0.05),治疗组近期及远期再出血率为3.57%(1/28),对照组近期及远期再出血率3.70%(1/27),两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组均无栓塞、穿孔、死亡等并发症出现。结论:内镜下注射乙氧硬化醇治疗食管贲门粘膜撕裂综合症优于注射肾上腺素。     

基因组水平的基因挖掘与功能分析方法的探讨

为了实现基因组中特定基因功能的注释,研究者提出一种新的思路,即利用对目的基因启动子上游的顺式元件的功能的分析,进一步来推断目的基因的功能。在此主要对基因组水平的基因挖掘与功能分析方法及其研究进展进行了探讨。     

Root development of ‘Red Lady’ papaya plants grown on a hillside

Red Lady papaya (Carica papaya L.) seedlings were grown for 7 weeks in one experiment and 17 weeks in a second experiment on a 60% to 70% sloped hillside. Depth and lateral root developmental characteristics were determined to establish a more informed basis for developing management procedures during hillside production of papaya. A trench was dug perpendicular to the contour line, and positioned 10 cm from the stem base of each plant. A 1 cm layer of soil was removed from the profile wall, and the roots on the trench profile were mapped. Thereafter, the intact half of each root system was excavated to determine the dry mass and length distribution. Roots were separated into the taproot system, and the lateral roots of the uphill and downhill sides. The downhill portion of lateral roots accounted for 56% of total length and 64% of total mass after 7 weeks, and 71% of total length and 69% of total mass after 17 weeks. Some lateral roots on the uphill side of the plants developed with a negative gravitropic orientation to maintain a portion of the root system, close to the surface of the slope. After 17 weeks, 34% of the roots on the uphill side of the trench profile walls were located above a horizontal plane positioned at the stem base. Root growth of Red Lady papaya plants growing on hillsides was maintained in all directions, including up the slope. The results signify that there may be no need to modify fertilizer placement practices for hillside production of papaya. However, the higher concentration of roots on the downhill side of these plants indicates a need for placement of soil moisture sensors for irrigation scheduling in uphill and downhill sites.     

经口腔前庭入路与经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺切除术对甲状腺微小乳头状癌VAS评分、创伤-免疫指标及美观程度的影响

摘要 目的：对比经口腔前庭入路腔镜甲状腺切除术（TOETVA）与经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺切除术（ETE）对甲状腺微小乳头状癌疼痛视觉模拟（VAS）评分、创伤-免疫指标及美观程度的影响。方法：回顾性分析我院2020年3月~2021年12月期间接收的100例甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者的临床资料。按照入路方式的不同将患者分为A组（n=47,经ETE治疗）和B组（n=53,经TOETVA治疗）。对比两组围术期指标、创伤-免疫指标、美观程度及并发症发生率。结果：两组术中出血量、中央区淋巴结清扫数目、术后住院时间对比无差异（P>0.05）。B组的手术时间长于A组,术后第1 d颈部VAS评分低于A组（P<0.05）。两组术后3 d CD8⁺、白介素-6（IL-6）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、皮质醇（Cor）升高,但B组低于A组（P<0.05）。两组术后3 d CD4⁺下降,但B组高于A组（P<0.05）。B组的温哥华疤痕评定量表（VSS）评分、患者与观察者瘢痕评估量表（POSAS）评分均低于A组（P<0.05）。两组并发症发生率组间对比统计学差异不明显（P>0.05）。结论：与经ETE相比,经TOETVA治疗甲状腺微小乳头状癌,可获得与其相当的手术效果,且经TOETVA可更好地减轻术后疼痛、术后创伤,提高美观度。     

清醒镇静与深度镇静在食管胃底静脉曲张内镜诊疗术的麻醉效果及安全性分析

摘要 目的：研究在清醒镇静与深度镇静下实施食管胃底静脉曲张内镜诊疗术的麻醉效果及安全性分析。方法：选取在我院2020年5月至2022年5月收治的94例食管胃底静脉曲张患者，按照随机数字表法将静脉曲张患者分为对照组和观察组，每组47例。对照组采用清醒镇静（咪达唑仑+芬太尼），观察组采用深度镇静在对照组基础上增加丙泊酚。观察对照组与观察组手术治疗时患者基生命体征变化以及手术治疗后的麻醉效果及安全性。比较两组患者治疗后治疗后的总有效率。结果：观察组总有效率显著高于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组出院时间、麻醉达标时间及术后拔管时间显著小于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。各时间点实验组患者HR相比差异无显著性（P＞0.05）。在T2，T3，T4时，实验组患者MAP、HR均较对照组显著降低（P＜0.05）。两组患者手术时Ramsay评分和术后满意度比较，两组患者均无统计学差异。对照组和观察组不良反应发生率分别为12.75%和8.49%，两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：深度镇静对于食管胃底静脉曲张行内镜诊疗疗效显著而且安全可靠，疗程短，见效快，恢复快，患者接受程度高,提高治疗成功率，值得进行推广。     

The coarse‐root system of mature Populus tremuloides in declining stands in Alberta,Canada

Abstract. The coarse‐root dynamics of ramets of Populus tremuloides (aspen) were investigated with respect to persistence of the original root connections (roots of parent trees from which the ramets originated), the time of establishment of new roots at the base of the stem and the fate of the communal root system after death of individual trees. Parts of the root systems of three declining stands of aspen ramets were hydraulically excavated. From each stand, sections of all structural roots were collected at the base of live and dead trees and were analysed using dendrochronology techniques. Parent roots were identified in the root system of every tree. The trees initiated new structural roots shortly after suckering. Live roots were often connected to the stump of dead and decayed trees. Grafting was common, especially at or near the stumps. Death of trees along the parent roots over time did not seem to favour the entry of significant decay, nor promote breakage of the original root connections. Instead of becoming independent of the parent root system the ramets incorporated the parent roots into their own root systems, remaining interconnected.     

超声内镜对消化道隆起性病变的诊断价值

目的:探讨超声内镜(EUS)对消化道隆起性病变的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析2013年2月到2017年6月于我院行EUS检查并经内镜下黏膜剥离术(ESD)、内镜粘膜切除术(EMR)或超声内镜引导下细针穿刺(EUS-FNA)获取诊断的293例有消化道隆起性病变的患者,分析病变的超声特点,对比病变的诊断结果。结果:在293例患者中,270例超声诊断与最终诊断相符,EUS诊断消化道隆起性病变的准确性为92.3%。在多种隆起性病变中,以平滑肌瘤(30.7%)及间质瘤(32.4%)最多见,超声对平滑肌瘤及间质瘤的诊断准确性分别为87.8%、95.8%。结论:EUS对消化道隆起性病变是一种有效的、准确的初步诊断方法。     

胃食管反流病的治疗进展

胃食管反流病(gastroesophaeal reflux disease,GERD)是医疗实践中的最常见的疾病之一,其发病率在世界范围内呈逐年上升趋势,且随年龄增长而增加,40-60岁为高发年龄[1]。GERD是一种由胃、十二指肠内容物反流入食管引起不适症状和(或)并发症的疾病,GERD在临床上大致可分为:糜烂性食管炎(EE)(反流性食管炎(RE))和非糜烂性食管炎(NERD)。其中NERD最多见,约占60%。GERD远期危害较小,但其病情漫长且极易复发,严重影响了生活质量。主要表现为食管症状(包括典型的烧心和反流)和食管外症状(包括咽部异物感、咳嗽、声嘶、哮喘、咽喉炎等表现),还有增加发展为Barrett食管及食管癌的危险[2,3]。GERD的治疗目的是愈合食管炎,快速缓解症状、减少复发、提高生活质量,治疗方法主要包括以下4个方面:一般治疗,药物治疗,内镜下治疗和外科治疗。近年来已成为国内外研究的热点,本文就近年来对GERD的治疗进展做一综述。     

The Contribution of Crab Burrow Excavation to Carbon Availability in Surficial Salt-marsh Sediments

Geomorphology, vegetation and tidal fluxes are usually identified as the factors introducing variation in the flushing of particulate organic matter (POM) from tidal marshes to adjacent waters. Such variables may, however, be insufficient to explain export characteristics in marshes inhabited by ecosystem engineers that can alter the quantity and quality of POM on the marsh surface that is subject to tidal flushing. In this study we evaluated the balance between transfer of buried sedimentary organic carbon (C) to the marsh surface due to crab excavation (measured from the mounds of sediment excavated from burrows) and outputs of C from the surface due to sediment deposition within crab burrows (estimated from sediment deposited within PVC burrow mimics), in a Southwestern Atlantic salt marsh supporting dense (approximately 70 ind m⁻²) populations of the crab Chasmagnathus granulatus. C excavation by crabs was much greater than deposition of C within crab burrow mimics. Per area unit estimates of the balance between these two processes indicated that crabs excavated 5.98 g m⁻² d⁻¹ and 4.80 mg m⁻² d⁻¹ of total and readily (10 d) labile C, respectively. However, sediments excavated by crabs showed a significantly lower content of both total and readily-labile C than sediment collected in burrow mimics. This indicates that ecosystem engineering by burrowing crabs causes a net decrease in the concentration of C in the superficial sediment layers and, thus, an overall decrease in the amount of C that can be washed out of the marsh by tidal action. Incorporating the in situ activities of ecosystem engineers in models of marsh export should enhance understanding of the function of marshes in estuarine ecosystems.     

头孢他啶对预防内镜逆行胰胆管造影术后发生胰腺炎的疗效研究

目的:评估头孢他啶预防内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)术后胰腺炎(PEP)的疗效。方法:选取456例待行ERCP的患者,将患者随机分为头孢他啶组与双氯芬酸钠组,术前,双氯芬酸组患者接受100mg双氯芬酸钠直肠给药和安慰剂静脉滴注,头孢他啶组患者给予2g头孢他啶静脉注射和安慰剂直肠给药。比较两组患者PEP的发病率和疾病程度,评估PEP发生的危险因素,评估血清和淀粉酶水平、腹痛VAS评分对PEP的早期预测价值。结果:两组患者的PEP发生率与疾病程度比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);年龄45岁对于PEP的发生有显著的预测作用(RR=0.17,95%CI:0.04-0.75,P0.05);腹痛VAS评分、血清与尿淀粉酶水平的ROC曲线下表面积分别为0.996(95%CI:0.992-0.999,P0.0001)、0.882(95%CI:0.851-0.938,P0.0001)和0.897(95%CI:0.862-0.946,P0.0001)。结论:对于非甾体类抗炎药禁用且待行ERCP的患者,头孢他啶可作为预防PEP的替代品。