Efficient Estimators for the verianoe of a Finite Population

For the estimation of finite population variance of a character, DAS and TRIPATHI (1978) proposed some efficient estimators when population mean of variance of some other character (associated with main character) is known. We propose here some estimators for population variance using same information and compare with those given by DAS and TRIPATHI (1978). Some examples are given for illustration.     

Efficient nonparametric estimation of causal effects in randomized trials with noncompliance

Causal approaches based on the potential outcome framework providea useful tool for addressing noncompliance problems in randomizedtrials. We propose a new estimator of causal treatment effectsin randomized clinical trials with noncompliance. We use theempirical likelihood approach to construct a profile randomsieve likelihood and take into account the mixture structurein outcome distributions, so that our estimator is robust toparametric distribution assumptions and provides substantialfinite-sample efficiency gains over the standard instrumentalvariable estimator. Our estimator is asymptotically equivalentto the standard instrumental variable estimator, and it canbe applied to outcome variables with a continuous, ordinal orbinary scale. We apply our method to data from a randomizedtrial of an intervention to improve the treatment of depressionamong depressed elderly patients in primary care practices.     

植物高效吸收和利用磷营养的遗传学研究进展

近些年来 ,人们对植物营养性状的遗传学背景日益了解 ,特别是磷素营养。随着分子生物学的快速发展 ,磷素营养的研究已深入到分子水平并且取得了可喜的成绩。本文从植物体内调控磷吸收利用的相关QTLs定位 ,缺磷诱导的基因表达 ,植物体内的磷调控系统 ,磷转运子及与磷有关的突变体的研究作一概括。     

An efficient plating system for rapid isolation of mutants from plant cell suspensions

Summary A plating system for cell suspensions of soybean, SB-1, (Glycine max L. cv. Mandarin) and Datura innoxia D.I. (Mill) was developed using feeder cells. The characteristics of the system are: a) the efficiency of plating (EOP) is high (0.5–0.6), b) over a range of 10–300 plated clumps the EOP is constant, c) the growth rate of plated cells resembles that of suspension cultures (generation time 24 hr.). Clumps with few or with many cells have similar plating efficiencies.Employing the plating system, a mutant resistant to 8 azaguanine (8AG) was isolated from SB-1 in 7 days and purified and tested within an additional 3 weeks. Feeder plates were used to selectively re-isolate 8 AG resistant and maltose utilizing mutants from a 1000-fold excess of wild type cells.The plating technique also can be utilized to isolate auxotrophic mutants since free amino acids are not produced by the feeder suspension. Other applications of this plating technique are discussed.Abbreviations 8AG 8 Azaguanine - 6TG 6 Thioguanine - EMS Ethyl methanesulfonate - EOP Efficiency of plating - HGPRT Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8)     

Yield and quality of forage maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) with different levels of subsurface drip irrigation and plant density

The scarcity of water in arid and semiarid regions of the world is a problem that every day increases by climate change. The subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) and changes in population density of plants are alternatives that can be used to make a sustainable use of water. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the combination that allows for an increased corn performance and efficient use of water without losing the quality of forage. Three different irrigation levels were applied through a system of a SDI at three different densities of forage maize plants in an arid region. The results demonstrated that by applying different levels of water, either enough or lack of soil moisture is created, which is directly reflected in crop yield, and its determining variables such as green forage and dry matter yield, and nutritional quality. The irrigation level to a 100% of potential evapotranspiration (PET), at a density of 80000 plants/ha, increased yield of green forage to 57664 kg/ha; crude protein was 8.59%, while the rest of the quality parameters decreased. This study allowed to conclude that the irrigation level was the major factor in the response of the crop.     

猪圆环病毒2型病毒样颗粒的高效组装技术研究*

目的:探索猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)病毒样颗粒(VLPs)的高效组装技术,提高VLPs的稳定性。方法:利用大肠杆菌表达PCV2 Cap蛋白自组装为VLPs,分析不同离子强度下VLPs的稳定性。利用切向流技术添加尿素,降低pH,可使VLPs解组装,利用硫酸铵分级沉淀、阴离子交换层析纯化获得Cap蛋白,去除尿素,提高离子强度和pH,实现VLPs的高效再组装。结果:PCV2 Cap蛋白自组装VLPs在150mmol/L NaCl下稳定性较差,而在500mmol/L NaCl下可提高VLPs的稳定性,但仍较易发生聚集,核酸含量均较高。在150mmol/L NaCl、300mmol/L尿素和pH 5.5的缓冲体系条件下,能够使VLPs解组装。经25%~50%饱和硫酸铵(V/V)分级沉淀粗纯,阴离子交换层析500mmol/L NaCl下洗脱获得精纯Cap蛋白,蛋白质纯度≥95%,并能够有效去除核酸。通过切向流技术去除体系中的尿素,并将NaCl浓度提高至1mol/L、pH提高至8.0,改变蛋白质表面静电荷分布,实现VLPs的高效、均一再组装,组装效率≥99%,回收率为65.85%,并明显提高VLPs的稳定性,能够稳定保存6个月以上。结论:利用硫酸铵分级沉淀、阴离子交换层析纯化获得Cap蛋白,去除尿素,提高离子强度和pH,实现VLPs的高效再组装。     

中国酱香型白酒酿造酿酒酵母的独特生理代谢特征

【目的】酿酒酵母是白酒发酵的主要微生物,对白酒的产量及质量都有重要影响。而酱香酒酿造环境具有高温、酸性、高乙醇等胁迫因素,研究其中酿酒酵母的生理代谢特征并有目的地应用于白酒实际生产中的意义。【方法】从酱香酒酿造环境中筛选一株性能优良的酿酒酵母菌株,比较其与酿酒酵母模式菌株S288c和商业酵母的生理代谢特征。【结果】从酱香型酒醅中筛选得到性能优良的Saccharomyces cerevisiae MT1,该菌株可耐受高温42 °C,高浓度乙醇(16%,体积比),低pH (2.0),其最大比生长速率和最大比产乙醇速率分别达到了S288c的125%和114%,其乙醇转化率也要高于其他菌株。一些挥发性物质只有在MT1的发酵液中可检测到,包括苯并噻唑、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃、4-乙烯基愈创木酚以及丁羟甲苯等,MT1的苯乙醇、法呢醇、橙花叔醇、乙偶姻和大马酮量也要高于S288c。另外,MT1可以利用多种碳源发酵产乙醇,如半乳糖、麦芽糖、蜜二糖、松二糖、海藻糖和棉子糖等。【结论】来源于酱香酒酿造的S. cerevisiae MT1具有高耐受力、高效的发酵性能及更广泛的碳源利用图谱,并能生成多种挥发性物质。     

枯草芽孢杆菌高效生防乳剂研究

以枯草芽孢杆菌D17和Bs16(1 ∶ 1)共发酵物为主药,通过配方设计、制剂稳定性、抗紫外能力及其室内外抑菌生物活性实验,进行其高效生防乳剂优选。结果表明乳剂1和乳剂9最佳:其室内拮抗生物活性最强,小区试验中对灰霉菌的防效也可达85%以上,与常用的化学农药防效相当;持效期延长至15天以上,与常用化学农药有显著性差异;抗紫外能力强,经过180 min的紫外照射制剂单位体积的有效活菌量仍可达10⁹cfu/ml以上;储藏稳定性好,常温密封避阴条件下保质期可达1年以上,是具有较高商品开发价值的绿色环保型生物农药制剂。