Design,Efficient Synthesis,and Anti‐HIV Activity of 4′‐C‐Cyano‐ and 4′‐C‐Ethynyl‐2′‐deoxy Purine Nucleosides

Some 4′‐C‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxy purine nucleosides showed the most potent anti‐HIV activity among the series of 4′‐C‐substituted 2′‐deoxynucleosides whose 4′‐C‐substituents were methyl, ethyl, ethynyl and so on. Our hypothesis is that the smaller the substituent at the C‐4′ position they have, the more acceptable biological activity they show. Thus, 4′‐C‐cyano‐2′‐deoxy purine nucleosides, whose substituent is smaller than the ethynyl group, will have more potent antiviral activity. To prove our hypothesis, we planned to develop an efficient synthesis of 4′‐C‐cyano‐2′‐deoxy purine nucleosides (4′‐CNdNs) and 4′‐C‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxy purine nucleosides (4′‐EdNs). Consequently, we succeeded in developing an efficient synthesis of six 2′‐deoxy purine nucleosides bearing either a cyano or an ethynyl group at the C‐4′ position of the sugar moiety from 2′‐deoxyadenosine and 2,6‐diaminopurine 2′‐deoxyriboside. Unfortunately, 4′‐C‐cyano derivatives showed lower activity against HIV‐1, and two 4′‐C‐ethynyl derivatives suggested high toxicity in vivo.     

Practical choice for robust and efficient differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have the distinct advantage of being able to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers. Target cells or tissues derived from hPSCs have many uses such as drug screening, disease modeling, and transplantation therapy. There are currently a wide variety of differentiation methods available. However, most of the existing differentiation methods are unreliable, with uneven differentiation efficiency and poor reproducibility. At the same time, it is difficult to choose the optimal method when faced with so many differentiation schemes, and it is time-consuming and costly to explore a new differentiation approach. Thus, it is critical to design a robust and efficient method of differentiation. In this review article, we summarize a comprehensive approach in which hPSCs are differentiated into target cells or organoids including brain, liver, blood, melanocytes, and mesenchymal cells. This was accomplished by employing an embryoid body-based three-dimensional (3D) suspension culture system with multiple cells co-cultured. The method has high stable differentiation efficiency compared to the conventional 2D culture and can meet the requirements of clinical application. Additionally, ex vivo co-culture models might be able to constitute organoids that are highly similar or mimic human organs for potential organ transplantation in the future.     

大肠杆菌I型分泌表达系统研究进展及提高蛋白表达量的策略

大肠杆菌是表达重组蛋白最常用的宿主之一。利用大肠杆菌分泌途径胞外表达重组蛋白具有可促进蛋白正确折叠,有效减少包涵体形成,简化纯化工序等诸多优势,近年来备受关注。其中,大肠杆菌I型分泌途径具有分泌表达速度快,蛋白活性高,对宿主代谢无影响等特点,是目前应用最广泛的分泌途径之一。综述了大肠杆菌I型分泌系统的元件组成和分泌机理及提高I型分泌系统蛋白表达量的有效策略,为重组蛋白生产应用提供了理论依据。     

鸡贫血病毒凋亡素基因的可溶性融合表达及抗肿瘤活性分析

为获得高效可溶表达的鸡贫血病毒凋亡素基因(CAV-Apoptin),根据大肠杆菌密码子偏爱性优化CAV-Apoptin基因序列,将其连接到含msyB伴侣基因的pBCX载体上,转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)进行诱导表达,经SDS-PAGE鉴定后应用镍柱亲和层析纯化蛋白质,采用显微镜观察、CCK-8实验与DNA ladders测定其抗肿瘤细胞的活性。结果显示,成功构建大肠杆菌表达载体pBCX-CAV-Apoptin,在37℃正常培养条件下的大肠杆菌中得到大量可溶性表达产物,融合蛋白质分子量大小约为42 kDa,50 ml菌液即可获得1.5 mg左右的纯化重组蛋白,CCK-8实验结果显示纯化后的重组蛋白作用36 h后可对套氏淋巴瘤JEKO-1、REC-1细胞生长产生超过60%的抑制率;显微镜观察与DNA ladder实验证明重组蛋白可诱导JEKO-1、REC-1细胞的凋亡,对HUVEC没有诱导凋亡的作用。免疫印迹分析表明重组凋亡素对JEKO-1细胞诱导了Caspase-3的激活,而对Caspase-8的表达没有影响。研究表明融合蛋白msyB-CAV-Apoptin可达到高效可溶表达,且表达产物具有特异抗肿瘤活性。     

抑瘤素-M(OSM)在GST融合表达系统中的表达、纯化和活性测定

抑瘤素Ｍ是一种具有多种生物活性的细胞因子,具有重要的研究价值和潜在的应用前景。基于ＧＳＴ融合表达载体,构建了一个ＯＳＭ的高效表达系统,诱导表达后融合蛋白占全菌蛋白的５０％以上,在低温诱导的条件下,可溶性蛋白中融合蛋白的含量可达１５％。在对包涵体形式的融合蛋白变复性的基础上,通过亲和层析一步纯化达到９０％左右的纯度。对融合蛋白进行了活性测定,结果提示了Ｎ端的头两个氨基酸对ＯＳＭ的生物活性是重要的。