杜氏盐藻rbcS启动子的克隆和功能分析

为提高转基因盐藻的表达效率,利用基因组步行方法和巢式PCR,从盐藻中克隆了1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶/加氧酶（Rubisco）的小亚基基因rbcS 的5'上游调控序列,并对其进行序列分析和转基因功能分析。采用Dra I、EcoR V、Pvu II和Stu I四种平端限制内切酶分别酶切盐藻基因组DNA,并与接头连接,构建基因组步行文库GWL 1、GWL 2、GWL 3和GWL 4;设计特异引物从这四种文库中扩增rbcS基因的5'上游调控序列。在GWL 1、GWL 4中分别扩增出约1.2 kb的片段。对该序列的分析表明,它的3'端与已知盐藻rbcS cDNA 的5'端序列完全一致,说明是该基因的5'端上游区,并且包含多个与转录调控有关的保守序列（如TATA-box、CAAT-box）,富含GT的重复序列。此序列EcoR I下游的片段与除草剂抗性基因bar相融合,构建表达载体,电击法转化盐藻。通过对转化藻株的抗性筛选以及PCR和Southern blot检测,表明该区域能驱动外源基因bar在转基因盐藻中的表达,推断是盐藻rbcS基因的启动子调控区。     

不同启动子驱动下转基因盐藻外源基因的稳定表达

摘要：为了探讨外源性与内源性启动子对转基因盐藻外源基因表达的影响,将含外源性启动子CMV35S的表达载体CMV35S-bar（G12）和含内源双拷贝碳酸酐酶启动子DCA1的表达载体DCA1-bar（D-B）分别转化盐藻,筛选稳定转化株后,观察在不同启动子驱动下外源基因的表达情况及对转基因盐藻生长的影响。 通过电击法分别将表达载体G12 和D-B转化盐藻,经PPT筛选后,各得到了3株PPT抗性藻株,经PCR及测序分析证实外源基因bar已经整合到盐藻的基因组中,半定量RT-PCR结果显示,在内源性启动子DCA1驱动下,bar基因的表达强度明显高于在外源性启动子驱动下bar的表达,并且D-B转化株的bar基因表达在盐诱导下其表达明显提高,而G12转化株中bar基因的表达对盐诱导无反应。Southern blot 分析显示,外源基因的拷贝数与不同启动子间无相关性。转化株的生长特性分析显示,D-B转化株的生长速度明显高于G12转化株。本研究的结果指出,内源诱导型启动子在驱动转基因盐藻外源基因的高效稳定表达中比外源组成型启动子更具有优势。     

盐藻基因组DNA文库的构建(英文)

以ＬａｍｂｄａＦＩＸ○ＲⅡ为载体,构建了盐藻（Ｄｕｎａｌｉｅｌｌａｓａｌｉｎａ）的基因组文库。该文库包含了１．１×１０６个重组子,插入片段平均大小为１８ｋｂ左右,含插入片段的频率为１００％。该文库的容量约为盐藻单倍体基因组的２００倍。     

新型生物反应器——杜氏盐藻研究进展

转基因植物作为生物反应器生产外源物质已成为基因工程领域的研究热点之一 ,而杜氏盐藻 (Dunaliellasalina)作为新型生物反应器生产外源蛋白具有独特的优点 ,就盐藻这一生物反应器的特点、存在问题和开发应用前景等的最近研究进展作一简要综述。     

杜氏盐藻叶绿体atpA基因片段的克隆及序列分析

根据莱因衣藻、卵形肾藻、普通小球藻等10种藻类的atpA全基因氨基酸高度保守序列,设计简并引物,利用PCR方法从盐藻叶绿体DNA中扩增出约400bp的片段,将该片段连接到T-vector上进行序列测定。结果表明,核苷酸长度为405bp,编码135个氨基酸。推导的氨基酸序列与莱因衣藻的同源性为92%,普通小球藻88%,Mesostigmaviride87%,卵形肾藻86%,Cyanidioschyzonmerolae85%。以所克隆的DNA片段为探针,与盐藻叶绿体基因组进行SouthernBlot杂交结果有明显的杂交信号。据此可推断本实验中所克隆的序列为杜氏盐藻叶绿体atpA基因片段。该基因序列已被GenBank收录,接受号为AY435096。     

Isolation of disproportionating enzyme from halotolerant microalga Dunaliella parva (Volvocales, Chlorophyceae)

Starch metabolism in Dunaliella parva Lerche is regulated by the osmolarity of the surrounding solute. Two isozymes showing amylolytic activity were obtained after purification by gel filtration chromatography. The isozymes show disproportionating activity (D‐enzyme) that is specific for malto‐oligosaccharides as substrate. Properties of the D‐enzyme in D. parva are similar to those in higher plants. The activity of the D‐enzyme is also found in various Dunaliella and Chlamydomonas, indicating that the D‐enzyme is also important in the starch metabolism in algae.     

Adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase activities in relation to a rapid increase in cellular cAMP concentration by hypotonic shock indunaliella viridis

An adenylate cyclase activity of 16.02±1.03 pmol cAMP produced min⁻¹ (mg protein)⁻¹ was detected in a cell homogenate ofDunaliella viridis, a unicellular halotolerant green alga. It was present in both the membrane fraction and soluble fraction separated from the homogenate. Adenylate cyclase activity in the homogenate was activated by 1μM GTPγS but not by Ca²⁺+calmodulin, suggesting this enzyme to be regulated by a G-protein. A phosphodiesterase activity of 23.12±15.03 pmol cAMP decomposed min⁻¹ (mg protein)⁻¹ was found in the homogenate. These activities suggest the presence of a cAMP mediated signal transduction system inDunaliella. Cells, transferred from 1.7 M NaCl medium to 1 M NaCl, showed rapid increase in cAMP within 2 min to about 1.5 times the original concentration (from 2.4±0.2 to 3.9±0.2 pmol per 10⁸ cells) which was recovered in 30 min.     

DISTINCTIVE LECTIN LABELING OF THE FLAGELLAR APPARATUS OF TETRASELMIS (PRASINOPHYCEAE) AND DUNALIELLA (CHLOROPHYCEAE)1

Fluorescent labeling of the flagellar apparatus of Tetraselmis (Prasinophyceae) and Dunaliella (Polyblepharidaceae, Chlorophyceae) were successfully performed using fluorescein isothiocyanate–labeled lectins from Arachis hypogaea and Glycine maxima. These lectins specifically bound to the flagella and kinetosome of the cell but did not bind to the cell surface. Lectin binding on the flagellar apparatus remained constant under different culture media, temperatures, irradiances, cell division cycle, and culture aging. All the Tetraselmis and Dunaliella analyzed (five species, 20 clones) showed intense labeling of the flagellar apparatus. In contrast, no other species analyzed (46 clones of 25 species from four classes) showed binding to their flagellar apparatus. After the lectin treatment, many cells remained alive, and they were able to swim with the flagellar apparatus intensely labeled. The lectin binding indicates that the flagella and kinetosome of Tetraselmis are rich in Gal and GalNH₂ moieties and that the flagella of Dunaliella are rich in Gal and GalNAc moieties. Apparently, this feature seems to be specific to these species.     

Purification and characterization of an algal (Dunaliella tertiolecta) protein cross-reacting with an anti-Ga-common antibody

A 26-kDa and a 36-kDa protein that cross-reacted with anti-G_a-common and anti-G_β antibodies, respectively, were detected in Dunaliella cells. The 26-kDa protein was solubilized from a crude membrane fraction with deoxycholate and purified to homogeneity by DE52 and hydroxylapatite chromatography and DEAE-5PW high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The hydroxylapatite-purified preparation had GTPγS binding and GTPase activities, but the homogeneous 26-kDa protein had none. The sequence of the 28 N-terminal amino acids of the 26-kDa protein had no homology to any GTP binding protein thus far reported.