脾动脉介入栓塞治疗外伤性脾破裂的临床效果及对患者免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨脾动脉介入栓塞治疗外伤性脾破裂的临床效果及对患者免疫功能的影响。方法:选择2013年4月到2017年2月在中国人民解放军第九七医院进行急诊治疗的116例外伤性脾破裂患者,根据治疗方法的不同将其分为观察组60例与对照组56例,对照组接受脾脏切除手术,观察组给予脾动脉介入栓塞治疗,记录和比较两组的术后下床活动时间、术后住院时间、术后肛门排便时间、术后肛门排气时间、术中输血量、手术时间与治疗前后CD4~+/CD8~+、CD8~+、CD4~+、CD3~+的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:所有患者都完成治疗并抢救成功,观察组的术后下床活动时间、术后住院时间、术后肛门排便时间、术后肛门排气时间、术中输血量、手术时间都少于对照组(P0.05)。观察组围手术期间的急性肠梗阻、急性胰腺炎、肺炎等并发症发生率为3.33%,对照组为17.86%,观察组低于对照组(P0.05)。术后14天,两组白细胞与血小板含量均显著高于术前1天(P0.05),而观察组血小板含量显著低于对照组(P0.05),但两组白细胞含量比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后14天与术后1个月的CD4+/CD8+、CD4+、CD3+值均明显高于对照组(P0.05),两组CD8+对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:脾动脉介入栓塞治疗外伤性脾破裂能提高治疗的临床效果,减少术后并发症的发生,促进患者免疫功能的恢复。     

丹参多酚酸盐联合前列地尔治疗糖尿病肾病的效果

目的:探讨丹参多酚酸盐联合前列地尔治疗糖尿病肾病的效果。方法:选取2015年11月～2018年11月我院收治的糖尿病肾病患者114例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组。对照组在常规治疗的基础上给予前列地尔注射液,观察组在对照组的基础上给予丹参多酚酸盐注射液。比较两组患者的临床治疗效果、治疗前后肾功能、血糖水平、血清可溶性细胞间粘附分子1(s ICAM-1)及内皮素(ET-1)水平的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组治疗的总有效率为91.23%,显著高于对照组(73.68%,P0.05)。两组患者治疗后的血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、尿蛋白排泄率(UAER)、血清s ICAM-1及ET-1水平均较治疗前显著下降(P0.05),且观察组以上指标均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗前后及两组间的糖化血红蛋白(HbALc)及空腹血糖(FPG)水平比较均无统计学差异(P0.05)。两组患者均未发生严重不良反应,轻微不良反应均经对症处理后好转,且不影响治疗。结论:丹参多酚酸盐联合前列地尔可显著改善糖尿病肾病患者的肾功能、提高临床治疗效果,且不影响血糖水平,可能与其显著降低患者血清s ICAM-1及ET-1水平有关。     

川崎病患儿血浆中可溶性内皮细胞蛋白C受体、一氧化氮的表达及与炎症反应和冠状动脉病变的关系

目的:研究川崎病患儿血浆中可溶性内皮细胞蛋白C受体(s EPCR)、一氧化氮(NO)的表达及与炎症反应和冠状动脉病变(CAL)的关系。方法:选择2016年12月至2018年2月盘锦市中心医院收治的川崎病患儿104例为川崎病组,根据患儿彩色超声心动图检测结果将川崎病组分为CAL组30例和非CAL组(NCAL组)74例。另选取同期于我院进行体检的健康儿童56例为对照组。比较川崎病组与对照组、川崎病组患儿急性期与缓解期、CAL组与NCAL组s EPCR、NO、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,并分析川崎病患儿s EPCR、NO与炎症因子及CAL的相关性。结果:川崎病组患儿s EPCR、NO、CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。川崎病组患儿急性期s EPCR、NO、CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平均高于缓解期,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。CAL组s EPCR、NO、CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平均高于NCAL组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。经Pearson相关性分析结果显示,川崎病患儿s EPCR、NO与CRP、IL-6、TNF-α及CAL均呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:川崎病患儿s EPCR、NO水平与炎性因子及CAL相关,s EPCR、NO可能在其炎症反应及CAL进展中起到一定的作用。     

腹主动脉球囊阻断在凶险性前置胎盘剖宫产术中的应用效果分析

目的:探讨腹主动脉球囊阻断在凶险性前置胎盘剖宫产术中的应用效果。方法:选取2016年10月～2018年6月我院收治的82例凶险性前置胎盘剖宫产术产妇为研究对象,将其随机分为对照组和观察组,每组41例。对照组给予常规剖宫产手术,观察组则在术前进行腹主动脉球囊预置。比较两组的术中出血量、手术时间、子宫切除率、住院时间、1 min及5 min Apgar评分、手术前后的卵巢功能指标。结果:观察组的术中出血量和子宫切除率均明显低于对照组(P0.05),手术时间及住院时间明显短于对照组(P0.05),而两组的1 min及5 min Apgar评分、术前和术后血清卵泡生成激素(FSH)、雌二醇(E2)及黄体生成激素(LH)水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹主动脉球囊阻断在凶险性前置胎盘剖宫产术中的应用效果较好,且未对产妇卵巢功能状态造成不良影响,安全性高。     

颈动脉支架置入术后患者认知功能的变化及CT灌注成像技术的疗效评估价值研究

目的:探讨颈动脉狭窄患者在行颈动脉支架置入术后认知功能的变化情况,并分析CT灌注成像(CTP)对手术疗效的评估价值。方法:选取2015年10月到2018年3月在济宁医学院附属日照市人民医院接受治疗的颈动脉狭窄患者80例,其中有症状性颈动脉狭窄患者49例作为有症状组,无症状性颈动脉狭窄患者31例作为无症状组。所有患者均接受颈动脉支架置入手术及CTP检查,采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、简易智能精神状况量表(MMSE)、搭火柴测验(Stick Test)综合评价颈动脉狭窄患者的术前、术后1周、术后3个月、术后6个月认知功能的变化情况,比较有症状组和无症状组患者的CTP相对灌注参数。结果:术后1周,颈动脉狭窄患者的MoCA总分、视空间/执行能力、注意力、延迟回忆以及MMSE总分、Stick Test总分较术前有所降低(P0.05);术后3个月、术后6个月,颈动脉狭窄患者的MoCA总分、视空间/执行能力、注意力、延迟回忆以及MMSE总分、Stick Test总分较术前有所升高(P0.05)。术前,有症状组的相对血流达峰时间、相对平均通过时间长于无症状组,相对脑血流量低于无症状组(P0.05);术后1周,无症状组的相对血流达峰时间较术前有所缩短,且短于有症状组(P0.05);术后1周,有症状组的相对血流达峰时间、相对平均通过时间较术前有所缩短,相对脑血流量较术前有所升高(P0.05);两组术前、术后1周相对脑血容量比较均无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:颈动脉支架置入术后患者会出现暂时的、可逆的认知功能恶化,但最终认知功能会得到明显的改善。CTP可发现异常的脑灌注情况,同时能够较好地评价颈动脉支架置入术治疗颈动脉狭窄患者的疗效。     

Advanced Age and Disease Predict Lack of Symptomatic Improvement after Endovascular Iliac Treatment in Male Veterans

Background: Endovascular angioplasty and stent placement is currently the most frequent treatment for iliac artery occlusive disease. However, despite a successful endovascular procedure, some patients do not experience symptomatic improvement and satisfaction with their care. This study seeks to identify patient-related factors associated with lack of symptomatic improvement after endovascular iliac artery treatment in male veterans.Methods: Retrospective review of patients treated with endovascular methods for iliac artery occlusive disease between January 2008 and July 2012 at VA Connecticut Healthcare System. Symptomatic improvement on the first post-operative visit was evaluated, with bilateral treatments counted separately.Results: Sixty-two patients had 91 iliac arteries treated with angioplasty and stent placement. Forty-seven (52 percent) legs had critical limb ischemia, and 77 (85 percent) had at least two-vessel distal runoff. Angiographic success was 100 percent. Patient-reported symptomatic improvement at the first post-operative visit was 55 percent (50/91). Lack of symptomatic improvement correlated with older age (OR 1.09 [1.03-1.17], p = 0.008), presence of critical limb ischemia (OR 3.03 [1.09-8.65], p = 0.034), and need for additional surgical intervention (OR 5.61 [1.65-17.36], p = 0.006). Survival, primary and secondary patency, and freedom from restenosis were comparable between patients who reported symptomatic improvement and those who did not.Conclusions: Despite angiographically successful revascularization, patients who are older or have critical limb ischemia who are treated with isolated endovascular iliac artery intervention are more likely to require additional interventions and less likely to experience symptomatic improvement. These patients may need more extensive infra-inguinal revascularization than isolated iliac angioplasty and stent placement, despite a preserved ankle-brachial index. Quality of life needs to be measured with formal instruments after iliac artery endovascular treatment, especially to determine long term outcomes.     

The effects of substratum on locomotor performance in lacertid lizards

Locomotion is important to animals because it has direct implications for fitness through its role in predator escape, prey capture, and territory defence. Despite significant advances in our understanding of animal locomotion, studies exploring how substrate properties affect locomotor performance remain scant. In the present study, we explore how variation in substrate (sand, slate, cork) affects locomotor performance in lacertid lizards that differ in morphology. Moreover, we explore whether substrate effects are the same for different types of locomotor performance (speed, acceleration, and stamina). Our results show that the substrate affected most types of locomotor performance studied but not always in the same way. Although substrate effects were species‐dependent for the maximal speed over 50 cm and the distance run to exhaustion, this was not the case for acceleration capacity. These results suggest that substrate texture differentially affects burst performance vs. longer duration measures of locomotor performance. Finally, straightforward relationships between habitat use and the substrate on which performance was maximized were not observed. This suggests that the evolution of locomotor capacity is complex and that animals may show compromise phenotypes allowing them to deal with a variety of substrates in their natural environment. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, ●●, ●●–●●.     

Faba bean forisomes can function in defence against generalist aphids

Phloem sieve elements have shut‐off mechanisms that prevent loss of nutrient‐rich phloem sap when the phloem is damaged. Some phloem proteins such as the proteins that form forisomes in legume sieve elements are one such mechanism and in response to damage, they instantly form occlusions that stop the flow of sap. It has long been hypothesized that one function of phloem proteins is defence against phloem sap‐feeding insects such as aphids. This study provides the first experimental evidence that aphid feeding can induce phloem protein occlusion and that the aphid‐induced occlusions inhibit phloem sap ingestion. The great majority of phloem penetrations in Vicia faba by the generalist aphids Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae triggered forisome occlusion and the aphids eventually withdrew their stylets without ingesting phloem sap. This contrasts starkly with a previous study on the legume‐specialist aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, where penetration of faba bean sieve elements did not trigger forisome occlusion and the aphids readily ingested phloem sap. Next, forisome occlusion was demonstrated to be the cause of failed phloem ingestion attempts by M. persicae: when occlusion was inhibited by the calcium channel blocker lanthanum, M. persicae readily ingested faba bean phloem sap.