盆炎净胶囊的成型工艺研究

目的:降低盆炎净制剂的辅料用量,提高其制剂水平。方法:比较制粒工艺,考察选定制粒工艺颗粒的休止角、堆密度、临界相对湿度,选择胶囊型号,计算所需淀粉辅料的比例。结果:选择干法制粒工艺,测定所制颗粒的休止角为33.24°,堆密度为0.834g/ml,临界相对湿度为48%,选定0号胶囊,算得所需淀粉辅料所占的比例为7.27%。结论:所研制的盆炎净胶囊制剂,降低了辅料用量,提高了原有制剂水平。     

Comprehensive molecular,genomic and phenotypic analysis of a major clone of Enterococcus faecalis MLST ST40

Background

Enterococcus faecalis is a multifaceted microorganism known to act as a beneficial intestinal commensal bacterium. It is also a dreaded nosocomial pathogen causing life-threatening infections in hospitalised patients. Isolates of a distinct MLST type ST40 represent the most frequent strain type of this species, distributed worldwide and originating from various sources (animal, human, environmental) and different conditions (colonisation/infection). Since enterococci are known to be highly recombinogenic we determined to analyse the microevolution and niche adaptation of this highly distributed clonal type.

Results

We compared a set of 42 ST40 isolates by assessing key molecular determinants, performing whole genome sequencing (WGS) and a number of phenotypic assays including resistance profiling, formation of biofilm and utilisation of carbon sources. We generated the first circular closed reference genome of an E. faecalis isolate D32 of animal origin and compared it with the genomes of other reference strains. D32 was used as a template for detailed WGS comparisons of high-quality draft genomes of 14 ST40 isolates. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses suggest a high level of similarity regarding the core genome, also demonstrated by similar carbon utilisation patterns. Distribution of known and putative virulence-associated genes did not differentiate between ST40 strains from a commensal and clinical background or an animal or human source. Further analyses of mobile genetic elements (MGE) revealed genomic diversity owed to: (1) a modularly structured pathogenicity island; (2) a site-specifically integrated and previously unknown genomic island of 138 kb in two strains putatively involved in exopolysaccharide synthesis; and (3) isolate-specific plasmid and phage patterns. Moreover, we used different cell-biological and animal experiments to compare the isolate D32 with a closely related ST40 endocarditis isolate whose draft genome sequence was also generated. D32 generally showed a greater capacity of adherence to human cell lines and an increased pathogenic potential in various animal models in combination with an even faster growth in vivo (not in vitro).

Conclusion

Molecular, genomic and phenotypic analysis of representative isolates of a major clone of E. faecalis MLST ST40 revealed new insights into the microbiology of a commensal bacterium which can turn into a conditional pathogen.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1367-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

不同剂量瑞舒伐他汀联合通心络胶囊治疗冠心病合并高脂血症患者的疗效观察

目的:探讨不同剂量瑞舒伐他汀联合通心络胶囊治疗冠心病合并高脂血症患者的疗效。方法:按照随机数字表法将2017年4月至2018年5月内蒙古医科大学附属医院接诊的120例冠心病合并高脂血症患者分为低剂量联合组(5 mg瑞舒伐他汀+通心络胶囊)、中剂量联合组(10 mg瑞舒伐他汀+通心络胶囊)、高剂量联合组(20 mg瑞舒伐他汀+通心络胶囊),每组各40例,三组均治疗12周。比较三组患者的血脂指标、治疗效果、血清炎症因子水平,观察三组患者用药期间不良反应发生情况。结果:高剂量联合组、中剂量联合组治疗总有效率高于低剂量联合组(P0.05)。治疗后,高剂量联合组、中剂量联合组的总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平低于低剂量联合组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平高于低剂量联合组(P0.05)。治疗后三组患者的血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)水平随着剂量的升高而降低(P0.05)。低、中、高剂量联合组不良反应发生率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:采用10 mg和20 mg的瑞舒伐他汀联合通心络胶囊治疗冠心病合并高脂血症疗效确切,可有效改善患者血脂水平,无严重不良反应发生,且对炎症因子的改善效果成剂量依赖性,医师可根据临床实际选择用药剂量。     

The Campylobacter jejuni glycome

Microbial cell surface glycans in the form of glycolipids and glycoproteins frequently play important roles in cell-cell interaction and host immune responses. Given the likely importance of these surface structures in the survival and pathogenesis of Campylobacter jejuni, a concerted effort has been made to characterise these determinants genetically and structurally since the genome was sequenced in 2000. We review the considerable progress made in characterising the Campylobacter glycome including the lipooligosaccharide (LOS), the capsule and O- and N-linked protein glycosylation systems, and speculate on the roles played by glycan surface structures in the life-cycle of C. jejuni.     

Scanning electron microscopy of the lens of the adult rat

Summary The lenses of albino rats were studied after freeze-drying with scanning electron microscopic technique.The multilamellated lens capsule is covered by adhering fibers in the equatorial region but looks otherwise almost smooth. The cuboidal, polyhedronal cells on the anterior surface of the lens are characterized by their complex interdigitations and their paucity of extracellular space. The cortical polyhedronal, mostly hexagonal lens fibers have several processes interconnecting neighbouring cells. The plasma membrane appears slightly undulated. It is covered by extracellular material. There is a well-delimited extracellular space between the lens fibers in the cortical layer. The results are discussed in relation to previous studies based upon light and electron microscopy.Supported by grants from the Swedish Medical Research Council (B70-12X-2543-02) and Magn. Bergwalls Stiftelse.     

霍乱O139型菌苗的试制

对来自孟加拉、泰国、印度、中国四地区Ｏ１３９型霍乱菌株进行了毒力、免疫原性、免疫力与相互交叉保护力试验,结果显示不同地区分离的Ｏ１３９型霍乱弧菌其所试特性相互间无差异。用中国（９３－３）株试制的菌体菌苗,其抗原性、毒性、免疫力安全性等经检定符合霍乱菌苗规程要求。鉴于Ｏ１３９型霍乱弧菌存在荚膜的特性,而现有的几种荚膜多糖菌苗都显示有明显的保护作用,因而,使用Ｏ１３９型菌苗有可能在一定程度上达到控制Ｏ１３９型霍乱流行的目的。     

Role of capsular sialic acid in virulence and resistance to phagocytosis of Streptococcus suis capsular type 2

Abstract Streptococcus suis capsular type 2 has a capsule rich in sialic acid (NANA). Sialic acid, known to be an antiphagocytic factor for many bacterial species, inhibits the activation of the alternative complement pathway. The role of capsular NANA in virulence, resistance to phagocytosis and intracellular survival of S. suis capsular type 2 was evaluated. In general, a low concentration of NANA was observed for all the S. suis strains tested. In addition, no difference could be found in NANA concentrations between strains of different virulence degrees. Sialic acid concentration increased in the virulent strain 89–1591 and the avirulent strain 90–1330 after in vivo growth with an increased capsular material thickness compared to growth in vitro. No significant difference could be found in the phagocytosis rate by porcine blood monocytes of either strain and strain 89–1591 treated with sialidase or the sialic acid-binding lectin from Sambucus nigra (SNA I). Intracellular survival of strain 89–1591 decreased after treatments with sialidase or lectin, becoming comparable to that of strain 90–1330. Finally, no difference could be seen in virulence using a murine model, even if strain 89–1591 was treated with the enzyme or the lectin. Thus, NANA does not seem to be a critical virulence factor for S. suis capsular type 2.     

Capsule polysaccharide-protein-peptidoglycan complex in the cell envelope of Rhodobacter capsulatus

The capsule polysaccharide-protein-peptidoglycan complex (insoluble in boiling sodium dodecyl sulfate and hot phenol-water) from cell envelopes of Rhodobacter capsulatus St. Louis was characterized. Hydrofluoric, hydrochloric acid or alkaline hydrolysis solubilized the polysaccharide moiety, whereas the protein-peptidoglycan moiety remained insoluble. On treatment of the protein-peptidoglycan moiety with lysozyme, the protein with peptidoglycan-residues bound was solubilized. It showed a single, broad peptide band (M _r=about 17,000) on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis. The same protein was obtained by lysozyme digestion (without preceding hydrofluoric or hydrochloric acid treatment) of the protein-peptidoglycan complex of the phage-resistant mutant Rhodobacter capsulatus St. Louis RC1^-, in which the capsule polysaccharide is present in a free form. A protein-peptidoglycan complex was isolated also from the capsulefree Rhodobacter capsulatus 37b4. Covalent binding between the protein and peptidoglycan moieties is likely for all three strains as is the lipoprotein nature of the protein moiety. The polysaccharide moiety of the complete complex from the wild-type Rhodobacter capsulatus St. Louis was at least partly removable from the complex in the presence of high salt concentrations or ethylene diamine tetraacetate. A specific amino acid pattern (with Ser, Gly, Glu, and Ala dominating) remained constantly associated with the capsule polysaccharide moiety independent of the separation procedure.Abbreviations A₂pm diaminopimelic acid - Cetavlon cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide - EDTA ethylene-diaminetetraacetate, disodium salt - HF hydrofluoric acid - HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography - PAGL polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis - SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate - TCA trichloroacetic acid     

The capsule biosynthetic locus of Pasteurella multocida A:1

Pasteurella multocida is the aetiological agent of fowl cholera, bovine haemorrhagic septicaemia and atrophie rhinitis in pigs. Many strains of P. multocida express a capsule on their surface. However, nothing is known about the capsule biosynthetic locus in P. multocida although the capsule has been implicated as a virulence factor. The entire capsule locus of P. multocida A:1 was cloned and sequenced. The locus is divided into three regions. Region 1 comprises four ORFs which are involved in the transport of the capsule polysaccharide to the surface. Region 2 comprises five ORFs whose postulated protein products are involved in the biosynthesis of the polysaccharide capsule. Region 3 comprises two ORFs whose postulated products show similarity to proteins that are involved in the phospholipid substitution of the polysaccharide capsule.     

放射治疗联合参一胶囊治疗Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

目的：探讨适形放射治疗联合参一胶囊在Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌治疗中的临床疗效。方法：选取本院自2011 年4 月至2014 年6 月经病理及影像学资料明确证实的Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者60 例，随机分为两组，即对照组和治疗组。对照组行单纯适形放射治 疗；治疗组在适形放射治疗的同时，给予口服参一胶囊8 周。治疗期间观察患者有无乏力症状，定期行血液学检查，完成治疗后4 周行胸部CT检查。结果：治疗组出现不同程度乏力的患者数明显少于对照组，差异显著，具有统计学意义(P<0.05)；定期血常规检 验，治疗组出现白细胞、血红蛋白减低的患者比率明显低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)；两组近期治疗效果相近，差异 无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论：放射治疗联合参一胶囊治疗可以改善患者乏力状况，降低放射治疗引起的血液不良反应的发生几 率。