达芬奇机器人与腹腔镜手术治疗胰腺癌的近期疗效比较及对血清CRP、PCT及肿瘤标志物的影响

摘要 目的：探讨达芬奇机器人与腹腔镜手术治疗胰腺癌的近期疗效比较及对血清C-反应蛋白（CRP）、降钙素原（PCT）及肿瘤标志物的影响。方法：选择2019年1月至2020年1月在我院接受治疗的61例胰腺癌患者,根据手术方法分为机器人组（n=26）和腹腔镜组（n=35）。腹腔镜组给予腹腔镜手术治疗,机器人组给予达芬奇机器人辅助治疗。比较两组围术期情况、CRP 、PCT、糖类抗原19-9（CA19-9）、糖类抗原125（CA125）、术后恢复情况及并发症发生情况。结果：机器人组禁食时间及排气时间显著低于腹腔镜组,差异显著（P<0.05）;治疗前,两组血清CA19-9、CA125水平无明显差异;治疗后,两组血清CA19-9、CA125水平治疗后较治疗前均显著下降差异显著（P<0.05）;两组治疗后血清CA19-9、CA125水平比较无显著差异（P>0.05）;治疗前,两组CRP、PCT水平无明显差异;治疗后,两组CRP、PCT明显升高,且机器人组低于腹腔镜组差异显著（P<0.05）;机器人组和腹腔镜组术后下床活动时间、拔尿管时间、术后住院时间比较无显著差异;机器人组术后重症监护时间显著低于腹腔镜组,差异显著（P<0.05）;两组患者治疗期间并发症总发生率分别为4.44%、6.67%,无显著差异（P>0.05）。结论：达芬奇机器人辅助能够显著提高胰腺癌手术质量,且对血清CRP 、PCT的影响较小,且对肿瘤标志物的影响与腹腔镜手术较为接近,为患者提供机器人微创治疗是未来临床的必然发展趋势。     

湖南沙子岭猪内源性逆转录病毒的研究

为评价从猪到人异种移植的生物安全性提供依据,从湖南沙子岭猪的保种群内随机采集31头个体的耳样组织,应用PCR和RT-PCR技术分别检测这些组织中内源性逆转录病毒（porcine endogenous retrovirus,PERV）的前病毒DNA和mRNA,并对PCR扩增的灵敏性进行评估。多组织RT-PCR检测3头沙子岭猪肾、心、肝、肺、脾 等组织中PERV的表达情况,了解其在各组织中的分布情况;最后,扩增、测序该猪种的env基因,结果用NCBI中的BLAST软件进行分析。PCR和RT-PCR结果表明,所检测的31头沙子岭猪均带有PERV前病毒DNA,耳样组织中均有PERV mRNA表达,其中有2头个体携带 env-A、env-B、env-C 3种囊膜蛋白基因,而其余的29头个体只带有env-A、env-B 两种囊膜蛋白基因,未检测到env-C基因。多组织RT-PCR扩增结果表明,3头沙子岭猪的肾、心、肝、肺、脾等组织中,pol、gag、env-A、env-B 基因均有表达,未检测到env-C基因表达。测序沙子岭猪的env基因,结果发现,沙子岭猪env-B 和env-C基因与其他猪种序列比较分别存在2 和10个碱基的差异,而env-A基因序列没有差异,说明不同的猪种之间 env基因存在多态性。以上结果表明,沙子岭猪种群携带PERV,其亚型主要以PERV-A,B为主;PERV在该猪种肾、心、肝、肺、脾等多种组织中的分布没有明显组织特异性,且93.5 % (29/31)个体表现为 env-C 基因缺失,提示沙子岭猪作为候选猪种可能在异种移植中具有较好的应用前景。     

Upper Cretaceous rudist biostratigraphy of the Bey Da?lar? Carbonate Platform, Western Taurides, SW Turkey

The Upper Cretaceous (Middle Cenomanian-Coniacian) successions of the Bey Da?lar? Carbonate Platform (Western Taurides, SW Turkey) are represented by rudist-bearing shallow-water limestones. Four rudist lithosomes are distinguished for the first time from the Eastern, Northern and Southern Areas of the Bey Da?lar? Autochthon. The oldest rudist assemblages dominated by caprinids are observed in the Eastern (Katran Da?) Area (caprinid lithosomes) and suggest a Middle-Late Cenomanian age. The uppermost part of the platform carbonates in the Northern Area is characterized by an association of hippuritid and radiolitid rudist bivalves dominated by Vaccinites praegiganteus (Toucas) (hippuritid lithosomes). The rudist fauna indicates the Late Turonian age, which is confirmed by the previously obtained ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values of well-preserved low-Mg calcite of Vaccinites praegiganteus (Toucas) shells. The rudist associations of the Southern (Susuzda?) Area are represented by two rudist formations. The lower lithosomes are mainly made up of hippuritids and radiolitids (hippuritid-radiolitid lithosomes). The stratigraphical distributions of the species of the assemblage indicate a Santonian-Early Campanian age. The rudist associations of the upper lithosomes are dominated by species of Joufia and Gorjanovicia (Joufia-Gorjanovicia lithosomes), which suggest a Late Campanian-Maastrichtian age. Identification of the rudist lithosomes yields information on the palaeobiogeographic distribution of the rudist species in the eastern Mediterranean region and also on the biostratigraphic frame of the Upper Cretaceous successions of the Bey Da?lar? Carbonate Platform.     

值得关注的一个欧亚分布种——乳牛肝菌属中国一新记录种

乳牛肝菌属真菌广布于针叶林下,记录并描述了一个采自中国东北大兴安岭落叶松林下的新记录种胭脂乳牛肝菌Suillus asiaticus,凭证标本保存于中国科学院昆明植物研究所隐花植物标本馆(KUN-HKAS).     

A soluble acid invertase is directed to the vacuole by a signal anchor mechanism

Enzyme activities in the vacuole have an important impact on the net concentration of sucrose. In sugarcane (Saccharum hybrid), immunolabelling demonstrated that a soluble acid invertase (β-fructofuranosidase; EC 3.2.1.26) is present in the vacuole of storage parenchyma cells during sucrose accumulation. Examination of sequences from sugarcane, barley and rice showed that the N-terminus of the invertase sequence contains a signal anchor and a tyrosine motif, characteristic of single-pass membrane proteins destined for lysosomal compartments. The N-terminal peptide from the barley invertase was shown to be capable of directing the green fluorescent protein to the vacuole in sugarcane cells. The results suggest that soluble acid invertase is sorted to the vacuole in a membrane-bound form.     

Distribution and radical scavenging activity of phenols in Ascophyllum nodosum (Phaeophyceae)

Phlorotannins have been purified and fractionated in the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum using successively differential extraction, liquid-liquid separation and dialysis. Both the phenol content and the radical scavenging capacity of the resulting fractions were assayed by the Folin-Ciocalteu test and the DPPH method, respectively, whilst purity of the fractions was assessed by ¹H NMR analysis. The purification process resulted in the isolation of six fractions from each crude extract with only minor losses. High levels of phenols, up to 97-99%, were measured in semi-purified fractions containing phlorotannins more than 50 kDa in average molecular size, accounting for more than 95% of the ethyl acetate phenol pool. As a consequence, purity decreased in ethyl acetate fractions together with the molecular size of compounds. The importance of differential extraction based on the polarity of phenols is highlighted by the fact that most of these compounds were found in the ethyl acetate fraction after the first extraction step in 100% methanol, whilst two thirds of phenols extracted by 50% methanol remained in the aqueous phase. The radical scavenging activity of the fractions was correlated with the phenol content and was maximal in complete ethyl acetate fractions and in dialysis concentrates containing molecules more than 50 kDa in size. The specific activity of phenols was found to be maximal for molecules smaller than 2 kDa when isolated from the 100% methanol extract and 1-4 times smaller in the water phase separated from the same extract. The distribution of radical-scavenging potentials in the phenol pool of A. nodosum supports the idea that physiological roles and putative uses of phlorotannins are under the control of a polarity-molecular size complex.     

石灰和EM处理条件下土壤动物群落在落叶分解中的变化

2003年6月至2005年10月,用石灰和EM处理改变土壤微酸性特性和微生物活性,采用网袋分解法对大兴安岭地区土壤动物群落结构在落叶分解过程中的动态变化进行了研究。结果如下:(1) 土壤动物群落个体数、类群数和DG指数仍表现为季节波动性,气候因子是影响研究区土壤动物群落长期动态变化的重要因素,石灰和EM处理未改变这种规律。(2)处理条件下土壤动物在落叶分解过程中仍具有阶段性特征,且各类群集聚时间有所差异。(3) CCA排序分析表明,土壤pH值和有机质是影响土壤动物群落动态变化的重要因素,中气门亚目、前气门亚目、节跳虫科、甲螨亚目、绫跳虫科、山跳虫科、棘跳虫科、鳞跳虫科和石蜈蚣目对土壤pH值和有机质变化具有较强的适应能力。     

Plasticity of the TSG-6 HA-binding loop and mobility in the TSG-6-HA complex revealed by NMR and X-ray crystallography

Tumour necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) is a glycosaminoglycan-binding protein expressed during inflammatory and inflammation-like processes. Previously NMR structures were calculated for the Link module of TSG-6 (Link_TSG6) in its free state and when bound to an octasaccharide of hyaluronan (HA(8)). Heparin was found to compete for HA binding even though it interacts at a site that is distinct from the HA-binding surface. Here we present crystallography data on the free protein, and (15)N NMR relaxation data for the uncomplexed and HA(8)-bound forms of Link_TSG6. Although the Link module is comparatively rigid overall, the free protein shows a high degree of mobility in the beta4/beta5 loop and at the Cys47-Cys68 disulfide bond, both of which are regions involved in HA binding. When bound to HA(8), this dynamic behaviour is dampened, but not eliminated, suggesting a degree of dynamic matching between the protein and sugar that may decrease the entropic penalty of complex formation. A further highly dynamic residue is Lys54, which is distant from the HA-binding site, but was previously shown to be involved in heparin binding. When HA is bound, Lys54 becomes less mobile, providing evidence for an allosteric effect linking the HA and heparin-binding sites. A mechanism is suggested involving the beta2-strand and alpha2-helix. The crystal structure of free Link_TSG6 contains five molecules in the asymmetric unit that are highly similar to the NMR structure and support the dynamic behaviour seen near the HA-binding site: they show little or no electron density for the beta4/beta5 loop and display multiple conformations for the Cys47-Cys68 disulfide bond. The crystal structures were used in docking calculations with heparin. An extended interface between a Link_TSG6 dimer and heparin 11-mer was identified that is in excellent agreement with previous mutagenesis and calorimetric data, providing the basis for further investigation of this interaction.     

红松阔叶混交林凋落物-土壤动物-土壤系统中N、P、K的动态特征

根据对小兴安岭凉水国家级自然保护区红松阔叶混交林的凋落物、土壤动物和土壤2a的连续采样及测定主要营养元素N、P、K的含量,研究凋落物-土壤动物-土壤系统中主要营养元素在各分室的动态变化,并通过比较主要营养元素在不同分室中的分异,进而分析了土壤动物在该系统营养循环中的作用。结果表明,研究区内不同凋落叶分解过程中元素含量的动态变化比较复杂,阔叶落叶中营养元素含量的变化大于针叶落叶,但不同凋落叶在分解过程中的元素损失量之间的差异不显著。在研究时段,腐殖土层各种营养元素的含量高于土壤层;蚯蚓、蜈蚣和马陆大型土壤动物体内的营养元素含量之间差别较大,其中蚯蚓体内全N含量最高,而马陆体内全P含量最高,蜈蚣则全K含量最高。土壤动物和土壤中营养元素含量的动态变化和凋落叶中的变化趋势不同。N和P在土壤动物分室中表现出一定的富集,而K的富集不明显。土壤动物可以通过其新陈代谢活动加速凋落物-土壤动物-土壤系统中营养元素的循环速率。不同凋落物分解过程中养分含量变化复杂可能是由于不同凋落物种类特性差异造成的。土壤动物在营养元素循环,尤其是N、P元素循环中具有重要意义。